Week 2 - Introduction To Organic Agriculture

Republic of the Philippines
CENTRAL BICOL STATE UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE

Calabanga | Pasacao | Pili | Sipocot
INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC
AGRICULTURE
Abigail V. Guinoo
Instructor
At the end of the unit, students can:
a. Define organic agriculture and explain its importance
b.Orient students about the legal basis of OA in the
Philippines
c. Differentiate OA and Conventional Agriculture
d. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of OA
e. Discuss current issues regarding OA
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History
The Green Revolution
-The set of research technology transfer initiatives
occurring between 1950 and the late 1960s.
-The great increase in production of food grains (such
as rice and wheat) through the introduction of high
yielding varieties, the use of pesticides and to better
management techniques.
Philippine Population and Agriculture
• In 2009, the Philippine population was 92.23M and the annual population growth rate
from 2000-2007 is 2.04.
• Philippines comprises 38 million hectares - 47% of which is dedicated for agriculture
• Employing approximately 10.9 million people as of January 2018.
• Agricultural sector accounts 26% of the nation’s employment.
• Presently, the increase in food supply is about 2% per year which is just enough to keep
up population increase.
• Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act (AFMA) or Republic Act 8435
-Was enacted on December 22, 1997.
-A policy instrument defining measures to modernize Philippine Agriculture for the
Country to compete in the global market.
2 Types of Agriculture
1. Industrialized agriculture
-It is the type of agriculture where large quantities of crops and livestock are produced
through industrialized techniques for the purpose of sale. The goal of industrialized
agriculture is to increase crop yield.
-Instead of using animal and manpower to work the fields, industrialized agriculture
utilizes large machines, which are more powerful and can work faster and harder. The
shift towards machines has increased the use of fossil fuels on industrial farms, and,
therefore, the price of food can fluctuate as the price of oil changes. Industrialized
agriculture also increases crop yield by investing in large irrigation systems and by
using chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
-Utilizes monoculture or the cultivation of a single crop in a given area.
Technologies used in Industrialized Agriculture
2.Subsistence agriculture
-It is when a farmer lives on a small amount of land and produces
enough food to feed his or her household and have a small cash crop.
The goal of subsistence agriculture is to produce enough food to
ensure the survival of the individual family.
-This type of agriculture is very labor-intensive because all of the work
is done by humans and animals and only hand tools and simple
machines are used to work the land.
-Relies on polycultures wherein different types of crops are planted in
one area.
Subsistence Agriculture
Introduction to Organic Agriculture
INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC AGRICULTURE
• Organic Agriculture is a system that relies on ecosystem management rather
than external agricultural inputs. It is a system that begins to consider
potential environmental and social impacts by eliminating the use of
synthetic inputs, such as synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, veterinary drugs,
genetically modified seeds and breeds, preservatives, additives and
irradiation.
• Combines traditions, innovation and science to benefit the shared
environment and promote fair relationships and a good quality of life for all
involved.
Organic
• Refers to the particular farming and processing
systems, described in the standards and not in
the classical chemical sense. The term "organic"
is synonymous in other languages to "biological"
or "ecological". It is also a labeling term that
denotes products considered organic based on
the Philippine National Standards for organic
agriculture.
Implementing Rules
and Regulations of
Organic Agriculture
Act of 2010 (No
10068)
These Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR), consisting of 32 sections,
are issued pursuant to the policies declared under Republic Act (RA) 10068 known
as Organic Agriculture Act of 2010. They aim to promote, propagate, develop further
and implement the practice of organic agriculture in the Philippines that will
cumulatively condition and enrich the fertility of the soil, increase farm productivity,
reduce pollution and destruction of the environment, prevent the depletion of natural
resources, further protect the health of farmers, consumers and the general public,
and save on imported farm inputs. Toward this end, a comprehensive program for
the promotion of community based organic fertilizers such as compost, pesticides
and other farm inputs, together with a nationwide educational and promotional
campaign for the use and processing, as well as the adoption of organic agricultural
system as a viable alternative shall be undertaken. The State recognizes and
supports the central role of the farmers, indigenous people and other stakeholders
at the grassroots of the program.
Section 2
Declaration of Policy
These IRR are issued pursuant to the policies declared under RA10068, to wit: “It is
hereby declared the policy of the State to promote, propagate, develop further and
implement the practice of organic agriculture in the Philippines that will cumulatively
condition and enrich the fertility of the soil, increase farm productivity, reduce pollution
and destruction of the environment, prevent the depletion of natural resources, further
protect the health of farmers, consumers and the general public, and save on
imported farm inputs. Toward this end, a comprehensive program for the promotion of
community-based organic fertilizers such as compost, pesticides and other farm
inputs, together with a nationwide educational and promotional campaign for the use
and processing, as well as the adoption of organic agricultural system as a viable
alternative shall be undertaken.
Section 5
National Organic Agricultural Program
Section 6
National Organic Agricultural Board
(NOAB)
Section 13
Organic Agriculture and Protection of the
Environment
Conventional
Agriculture vs.
Organic
Agriculture
Organic Farming
• Organic farming relies on natural principles like biodiversity and
composting to produce healthy, abundant food.
• Organic farming has a smaller carbon footprint, conserves and build soil
health, and replenishes natural ecosystem for cleaner water and air all
without toxic pesticides.
Conventional Farming
• Conventional farming puts its focus on achieving maximum yields of
a specific crop. It is based on a rather simple understanding: crop
yields are increased by nutrient inputs and they get reduced through
pests, diseases and weeds, which therefore must be combated.
• In order to fight pests and weeds, conventional farming relies on
chemical intervention. That means synthetic pesticides, herbicides
and fertilizers.
• Conventional farming causes increased greenhouse gas emissions,
soil erosion, water pollution and threatens human health.
Since organic farming means placing farming
on integral relationship, we should be well
aware about the relationship between:
✓The soil, water and plants
✓Soil microbes and waste products
✓Agriculture and forestry
✓Soil, water and atmosphere etc
Advantages
Consumer Benefits
✓ Nutrition
✓ Poison Free
✓ Food taste better
✓ Food keeps longer
Grower benefits
✓ Lower input costs
✓ Added value
Disadvantages:
✓Productivity
✓Cultivation
✓Time
✓Skill
Some facts and Fallacies about Organic
Agriculture
Organic Food is Not Always Healthy
The term ‘organic’ is often connected with the word ‘healthy’,
but it is not always true. For example, organic cookies and candy
bars are still unhealthy because they contain high amounts of
sugar and fat. When the label says ‘organic food’, it means that
the food was produced in a sustainable way and doesn’t include
any harmful chemicals. It doesn’t mean that the food is nutritious.
Plus, even if you buy organic meat, it can still be loaded with
saturated fats. Some people also argue that organic food is
overpriced and that the only difference is that it contains fewer
additives.
Agriculture
Yields in organic farming are lower than chemical farming
Not so. When properly followed, yields in organic farming
are, in the long run, far greater than those obtained by chemical
farming. In horticulture crops, the effects are even better. A look
at agriculture in Punjab will tell the full story. The origin of the
“Green Revolution”, Punjab’s agricultural yields have remained the
same for the past many years while the quantity of agro-
chemicals required to maintain these static yields have steadily
increased.
Agriculture
Organic farming is not economical
Again, not so. While certain practices such as
composting and mulching do entail greater costs on
account of labour, the overall cost of cultivation is usually
lower than chemical farming. An important point to note
here is that the farmer has to be self-sufficient in his
requirement for composts and pest control measures
(easily done), otherwise economics do get skewed.
Agriculture
Organic Food Costs More Than Conventional Produce
Compared to traditional farming, organic produce is
considered to be more expensive than non-organic crops.
However, buying organic food is more than just about money, it is
about making a conscious decision to support sustainable
farming. In fact, on average, organic produce costs 25%-50%
more than conventional food. Keep in mind that you don’t have to
spend a lot of money to buy organic food as some of the farmers
offer affordable prices. There are also some ways to save money,
such as buying in bulk and shopping at farmers’ markets.
Agriculture
Organic Food Is Not Only Produced in The U.S.
Although many people think that organic food is
produced only in the U.S., this is not true. There are
countries around the world that produce organic
products, including Argentina, Canada, Chile, China,
France, Germany, Hungary, India, Italy, Japan, Russia,
Spain, Switzerland, South Africa, and Turkey.
Agriculture
Organic Farming Is Not About Raising Animals in
Fields
Many people assume that organic animals live on
grassy fields and graze in green pastures from sunrise
to sunset every day. In fact, many of them live in small
houses or barns and don’t have as much freedom as
their non-organic counterparts because they are not
allowed to roam freely outside of their paddocks.
Agriculture
Organic Food Can Be Grown Anywhere in The World
People who live in areas with poor soil quality or
little water can grow organic crops under a strict set of
guidelines. One of the most important rules is that
organic farmers should use no synthetic chemicals or
fertilizers when growing plants or raising animals.
Agriculture
Organic Food Can Help Save The Planet
There are many benefits of choosing organic over
conventional farming including that it reduces carbon
emissions by 50%, takes up less energy use due to the
lack of machinery, and reduces pollution levels by 50%.
Moreover, organic farming can be beneficial for the
climate as it removes CO2 from the atmosphere. Organic
agriculture is not only great for the environment but also
for human health.
Agriculture
Organic Food is More Nutritious
There is a significant difference in the nutritional value
between organic and conventional foods. Studies show that
organic crops contain higher levels of nutrients, such as
magnesium, calcium, iron, and phosphorus, which are
essential for our immune system and overall health. They
also have higher levels of antioxidants and phenolic
compounds, which fight against the harmful effects of free
radicals in our body
Agriculture
It is Better for Your Health
The risk of cancer and other chronic
diseases is lower when you consume organic
food. A study showed that consumers who ate
non-organic food had a 62% higher chance of
developing cancer than people who ate
organic food.
Agriculture
Organic Food is Better for the Environment
Organic farming uses pesticide-free methods that
don’t harm the environment, wildlife, or humans.
Conventional farming is often blamed for increasing
greenhouse gas emissions, using 80% of the world’s
water supply, and destroying habitats of wildlife.
Pesticides in conventional farming can pollute lakes,
rivers, and groundwater.
Agriculture
Organic Food is Better for Farmers
Many farmers decide to go organic because they want to
produce better food but also because they want to care for the
land, animals, and their families. Organic farmers use organic
seeds and don’t use synthetic chemicals or fertilizers. They
are also paid fairly by companies that sell their products.
Organic farmers get at least 30% more for their products than
those workers who work on conventional farms. This is why
many people decide to switch to organic farming.
Agriculture
It has a Positive Impact on Your Local Economy
More people choose to buy local food instead of
imported products because it is better for their health and
cheaper. The money goes back into the local community,
and it helps producers and farmers live well and raise their
families with dignity. Buying local organic food allows
producers to offer their products directly to you. This leads
to a lot more opportunities for small businesses to flourish in
your area.
Agriculture
Many Companies Use Organic Food as a Marketing Strategy
Big companies are taking advantage of customers who want to eat
healthier foods by using words like ‘natural’ or ’organic’ on their labels. While
‘natural’ is not regulated by law, it refers to any mixture of ingredients that don’t
include artificial flavors or ingredients. ‘Organic’ means that the product doesn’t
contain GMOs or hormones and it is produced using sustainable agriculture
practices. So if you see an ingredient or a label that says ‘natural’ on your food
package, don’t think that it is healthy! You should always read the ingredient
list and look for the label ‘USDA Certified Organic’ to make sure that your food
is really organic.
References:
https://leap.unep.org/countries/ph/national-legislation/implementing-
rules-and-regulations-organic-agriculture-act-2010
https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/phi183697.pdf
https://www.thearcadiaonline.com/13-surprising-facts-you-didnt-know-
about-organic-food/
http://satavic.org/myths-and-fallacies-about-organic-farming/
Thank you!

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Republic of the Philippines

CENTRAL BICOL STATE UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE

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