The brain is ____________ to the spinal

Basic cord. (Fill the blank.)*

deep
Terminologies: proximal
rostral

Gross Anatomy
ventral

What would be a correct statement?*

The ear is medial to the eye. How is the "anatomical position"
The chin is anterior to the nose. described?*
The elbow is distal to the shoulder. Standing erect / upright, facing observer, arms at side
The digits are proximal to the wrist. and palms facing to your side.
Standing erect / upright, facing observer, arms at side
and palms facing forward.
On doing push-ups, what position is Standing erect / upright, facing observer, arms at side
assumed?* and palms facing upward.
strong Standing erect / upright, facing observer, arms at side
supine and palms facing outward.
distal
prone

What would be the correct statement?*

What would be the correct statement?* The knee is distal to the ankle.
The hip is proximal to the knee.
The neck is superior to the pelvis.
The thigh is proximal to the hip.
The chest is inferior to the stomach.
The shoulder is distal to the elbow.
The hip is superior to the shoulder.
The ribs are superior to the neck.

What movement of the hand and arm

When you scratch your left shoulder with
occurs when you catch a falling ball at
your left hand, what movement occurs at
level of your waist?*
the left elbow?* palmar flexion
Pronation adduction
Circumduction supination
Flexion
extension
Adduction

When you point your left toes to the side, Julie is walking towards you. From what
what movement occurs at the left hip view are you looking at Julie?*
joint?* Posterior view
flexion Dorsal view
adduction Anterior view
protrusion Proximal view
external rotation

When you do jumping Jacks, what

What would be the correct statement?*
The knee is lateral to the hip. movement occurs at the shoulder joints?*
The ankle is medial to the foot. Lateral flexion
The shoulder is lateral to the neck. Circumduction
The inside of the thigh is lateral to the outside of the Abduction
thigh. Internal rotation
 1. A; 2. C; 3. B; 4. E; 5. D
1. A; 2. B; 3. C; 4. D; 5. E
1. A; 2. D; 3. E; 4. C; 5. B
What is the movement of the ankles 1. A; 2. B; 3. E; 4. C; 5. D
when you do a tiptoe?*
adduction
flexion What group of joint movements are
plantar flexion
circumduction required for cursive writing of big letters?
*
flexion, palmar flexion of digits and circumduction of the

Anatomical
wrist
flexion, opposition of digits and flexion plus extension of
the wrist

Terminologies and flexion, adduction of digits and inversion plus eversion of

the wrist
flexion, flexion of the digits and adduction plus abduction
the Cell and Tissues of the wrist

What is a group of cells with a common What set of movements requires for you
function?* to kick a football with your toes?*
organism circumduction of the hip joint
organ system inversion of the knee joint and eversion of the hip joint
tissue extension of the knee joint and flexion of the hip joint
organelles flexion of the knee joint and abduction of the hip joint

Match the numbers with the names of What are the four major groups of
structures below.* tissues?*
muscles, nervous tissues, bones, blood
5/5 nervous tissues, connective tissues, epithelium, glands
connective tissues, nervous tissues, muscles, blood
epithelium, nervous tissues, muscles, connective tissues

What set of joint movements allows your

fingers to hold a pencil?*
flexion and palmar flexion
flexion and opposition
flexion and adduction
flexion and flexion

What position is assumed by the wrist

joint for your hand to be able to type your
answer on this form?*
adducted position
apposed position
pronated position
flexed position
A. cell membrane - 1
B. smooth endoplasmic reticulum - 5
C. mitochondria - 4
What kind of cervical joints movement is
D. rough endoplasmic reticulum - 2
a whiplash motion of the neck (cervical
E. nucleus - 3
vertebral joints)?* - Whiplash is sudden backward
movement of the head which is a sudden extension of
the cervical spine joints
rotation
extension
retraction
circumduction

What is the anatomical plane that divides

the body into an anterior and posterior
region?*
median plane
coronal plane

oblique plane cilia

transverse plave microvilli
hemidesmosone
basement membrane

What mechanism of glandular

secretion is captured in this
photograph of the sebaceous
gland?*

Exercise 4:
Epithelium and
Connective Tissue
What structure is being pointed in the
photograph?*
apocrine secretion
holocrine secretion
merocrine secretion
transcellular secretion

How are proteoglycans produced?*

secretion by adjacent eproduct of mast cell
degranulationpithelial cells
breakdown of multiadhesive proteins
components are synthesized in fibroblasts

What structure primarily produce the

reticular lamina of the basement
membrane?*
adjacent connective tissue
blood vessel epithelium
adjacent epithelium
reticular tissues

What functions of the epithelial tissues

kidney
are performed by the epidermis of the stomach
sweat gland
skin?*
mammary gland
active transport of nutrients and secretion of ions
mechanical protection and prevention of fluid loss
absorption of molecules and luminal surface lubrication
mechanical protection and provision of distensibility to What is the largest ground substance
the organ
molecule by molecular weight and
composition?*
What is the best approach to study and fibrillin
proteoglycan
visualize the bones in an intact body glycosaminoglycan
multiadhesive glycoprotein
surface?*
regional approach
systemic approach
surface anatomy
radiologic approach What intercellular junctional complex
prevent paracellular water loss and entry
and movement of nutrients?*
What type of connective tissue comprise tight juntion
adherent junction
the tendons and ligaments?* gap junction
cartilage macula adherens
reticular tissue
loose connective tissue
dense connective tissue
Identify the type of connective tissue.*

Identify the organ of origin.*

loose connective tissue

dense connective tissue loose connective tissue
reticular tissue dense connective tissue
mesenchyme
cartilage
bone
What class of immunoglobulins are
responsible for mediating the immediate
What cells are inherently found in
hypesensitivity reaction manifested by
connective tissues?*
mast cell degranulation?* fibroblasts, monocytes/macrophages, mast cells and
IgA plasma cells
IgM fibroblasts, basophils, mast cells and plasma cells
IgG fibroblasts, memory B cells, mast cells and plasma cells
IgE chondroblasts, macrophages, mast cells and plasma
cells

What post-translational process in What set of movements requires for you

collagen synthesis occur outside the
cell?*
production of procollagen
removal of terminal globular peptides from procollagen
disulfide bond stabilization of C-terminal regions of
procollagen
formation of covalent cross-links between the collagen
molecules
to kick a football with the medial aspect
of your foot?*
0/2
ankle inversion and hip flexion
ankle inversion and knee extension
ankle inversion and hip adduction
ankle inversion and plantar flexion

What approach in the study of human What is an important function of the

anatomy emphasizes the visible macrophages in mediating an allergic
landmarks on the skin and palpable reaction?*
depressions and prominences of the degranulation and releasse of cytokines
antigen-processing and presentation
human body?* localized digestion of minerals
Regional anatomy repair of tissue damage
Systemic anatomy
Radiologic anatomy
Surface anatomy
Where are reticular tissues
predominantly found?*
major airways
lymphoid tissues
Identify the type of connective tissue.* gastrointestinal tract
nervous tissues

What epithelium lines the upper third of

the esophagus?*
 cells, fibers, intravascular fluid and ground substance
cells, fibers, ground substance and interstitial fluid

cells, fiber, blood and interstitial fluid

What disorder is characterized by skin

blistering due to a dysfunctions of
hemidesmosomes secondary to
mutations in the integrin bets-4 gene?*
dyshesive skin disorder
simple columnar epithelium congenital herpes
transitional epithelium epidermolysis bullosa
pseudostratified columnar epithelium peripheral neuropathy
stratified squamous epithelium

What set of joint movements allows your

fingers to hold a pencil?*
What cells marked with asterisk (*) in flexion and palmar flexion
flexion and opposition
this photograph are found in transitional flexion and adduction
flexion and flexion
epithelium of the urinary tract?*

Exercise 4:
Epithelium and
Connective Tissue
cuboidal cells What structure is being pointed in the
Goblet cells photograph?*
umbrella cells
keratinized squamous cells

What is the most abundant protein in the

human body by dry weight?*
keratin
elastin
collagen
mucin

What are the four important components

cilia
of connective tissue proper?* microvilli
cells, fibers, ground substance and extracellular space hemidesmosone
basement membrane mechanical protection and provision of distensibility to
the organ

What mechanism of glandular secretion What is the best approach to study and

is captured in this photograph of the visualize the bones in an intact body

sebaceous gland?* surface?*

1/1

regional approach
systemic approach
surface anatomy
radiologic approach

What type of connective tissue comprise

the tendons and ligaments?*
cartilage
reticular tissue
loose connective tissue
dense connective tissue

apocrine secretion
holocrine secretion
merocrine secretion Identify the organ of origin.*
transcellular secretion

How are proteoglycans produced?*

secretion by adjacent eproduct of mast cell
degranulationpithelial cells
breakdown of multiadhesive proteins
components are synthesized in fibroblasts

What structure primarily produce the

reticular lamina of the basement
membrane?*
adjacent connective tissue
blood vessel epithelium
adjacent epithelium kidney
reticular tissues stomach
sweat gland
mammary gland
What functions of the epithelial tissues
are performed by the epidermis of the
What is the largest ground substance
skin?*
active transport of nutrients and secretion of ions molecule by molecular weight and
mechanical protection and prevention of fluid loss composition?*
absorption of molecules and luminal surface lubrication fibrillin
proteoglycan
glycosaminoglycan
multiadhesive glycoprotein What approach in the study of human
anatomy emphasizes the visible
What intercellular junctional complex landmarks on the skin and palpable
prevent paracellular water loss and entry depressions and prominences of the
and movement of nutrients?* human body?*
tight juntion Regional anatomy
adherent junction Systemic anatomy
gap junction Radiologic anatomy
macula adherens Surface anatomy

Identify the type of connective tissue.*

Identify the type of connective tissue.*

loose connective tissue

dense connective tissue
reticular tissue
mesenchyme

loose connective tissue

What class of immunoglobulins are dense connective tissue
responsible for mediating the immediate cartilage
bone
hypesensitivity reaction manifested by
mast cell degranulation?*
IgA What cells are inherently found in
IgM
IgG connective tissues?*
IgE fibroblasts, monocytes/macrophages, mast cells and
plasma cells
fibroblasts, basophils, mast cells and plasma cells
fibroblasts, memory B cells, mast cells and plasma cells
chondroblasts, macrophages, mast cells and plasma
What post-translational process in cells

collagen synthesis occur outside the

cell?* What set of movements requires for you
production of procollagen
removal of terminal globular peptides from procollagen to kick a football with the medial aspect
disulfide bond stabilization of C-terminal regions of of your foot?*
procollagen ankle inversion and hip flexion
formation of covalent cross-links between the collagen ankle inversion and knee extension
molecules ankle inversion and hip adduction
ankle inversion and plantar flexion
What is an important function of the
macrophages in mediating an allergic
reaction?*
degranulation and releasse of cytokines
antigen-processing and presentation
localized digestion of minerals
repair of tissue damage
Where are reticular tissues
predominantly found?*
major airways
lymphoid tissues
gastrointestinal tract
nervous tissues
What epithelium lines the upper third of
the esophagus?*
simple columnar epithelium
transitional epithelium
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
stratified squamous epithelium
What cells marked with asterisk (*) in
this photograph are found in transitional
epithelium of the urinary tract?*
cuboidal cells
Goblet cells
umbrella cells
keratinized squamous cells
What is the most abundant protein in the
human body by dry weight?*
keratin
elastin
collagen
mucin
What are the four important components
of connective tissue proper?*
cells, fibers, ground substance and extracellular space
cells, fibers, intravascular fluid and ground substance
cells, fibers, ground substance and interstitial fluid
cells, fiber, blood and interstitial fluid
What disorder is characterized by skin
blistering due to a dysfunctions of
hemidesmosomes secondary to
mutations in the integrin bets-4 gene?*
dyshesive skin disorder
congenital herpes
epidermolysis bullosa
peripheral neuropathy
What set of joint movements allows your
fingers to hold a pencil?*
flexion and palmar flexion
flexion and opposition
flexion and adduction
flexion and flexion
 True or False: 1. Erythrocytes are not
capable of replacing defective proteins in
their cytoplasm. 2. Erythrocytes are
capable of aerobic respiration in their
Exercise Number 2 mitochondria.*
Both are True
Both are False
Only number 1 is True
True or False: 1. Normal erythrocytes are Only number 2 is True.
sequestered in the spleen after 90 days.
2. Normal erythrocytes are spherical in True or False: 1. Striated (skeletal)
shape. * muscles are innervated by the autonomic
0/1 nervous system. 2. Striated muscles are
Both are True found only in association with bones.*
Both are False
Only number 1 is True 0/1
Only number 2 is True.
Both are True
Both are False
Only number 1 is True
True or False: 1. Skeletal muscle
contraction is initiated by a motor end- Only number 2 is True.

plate release of acetylchoine. 2. Correct answer

Contraction ends with sequestration of Both are False
calcium back into the sarcoplasmic
reticulum.*
Both are True
True or False: 1. Neutrophils and
Both are False basophils are capable of phagocytosis. 2.
Only number 1 is True
Only number 2 is True. Basophils contain heparin and
histamine.*
1/1
True or False: 1. Both T-lymphocytes and
B-lymphocytes are major Both are True
Both are False
histocompatibility molecules restricted. Only number 1 is True
Only number 2 is True.
2. Both T-lymphocyte an B-lymphocyte
are capable of transforming into plasma
cells.*
1/1
True or False: 1. Neutrophils, basophils
and eosinophils originate from a common
Both are True
Both are False myeloid progenitor cell. 2. Neutrophils,
basophils and eosinophils release
Only number 1 is True
Only number 2 is True. antihistamines and antiparasitic
granules.*
1/1

Both are True

 Both are False Both are True
Only number 1 is True Both are False

Only number 2 is True. Only number 1 is True

Only number 2 is True.

True or False: 1. Smooth muscle

True or False: 1. Normal erythrocytes are
contractions are initiated by local stimuli
sequestered in the spleen after 90 days.
as well as autonomic control. 2. Smooth
2. Normal erythrocytes are spherical in
muscle contractions require regulatory
shape. *
proteins such as troponin and
tropomysin.* 1/1

0/1 Both are True

Both are False
Both are True
Both are False Only number 1 is True
Only number 1 is True Only number 2 is True.
Only number 2 is True.

True or False: 1. Cardiomyocytes and

Correct answer
pacemaker cells are capable of
Only number 1 is True
automaticity. 2. Pacemaker cells are
present in sino-atrial node and the atrio-
True or False: 1. B-lymphocytes produce
ventricular node.*
immunoglobulins. 2. T-lymphocytes and
0/1
B-lymphocytes contain granules that are
Both are True
necessary for immune response.*
0/1 Both are False
Only number 1 is True
Both are True Only number 2 is True.

Both are False Correct answer

Only number 1 is True Only number 2 is True.
Only number 2 is True.
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Both are False

Only number 1 is True Forms

True or False: 1. In the presence of

calcium ions, troponin prevents the
tropomyosin from blocking the myosin
binding site. 2. In the absence of Embryology,
calcium, the troponin undergo
configurational changes to directly block Tissues, The Cell
myosin from binding with actin.*
1/1 and Others
What changes occur during 4th week of
human development?* What group of cells cover the blastocysts
The embryo folds ventrally as it implants into the endomentrium?*
The blastocyst completely invades the endometrial epiblasts
tissues. hypoblasts
The notochord is formed by the invagination of the trophoblasts
mesenchymal cells. mesenchymal cells
The gut tube is formed and gets divided into the foregut,
midgut and hindgut.

What are the multinucleated cells that

What significant event occur during invade te endometrial stroma to facilitate
neurulation?* implantation?*
The trophoblasts differentiates into the epiblasts
syncytiotrophobalsy and the epiblast. hypoblasts
The gut tube differentiates into the foregut, the midgut cytotrophoblasts
and the hindgut. syncytiotrophoblasts
The lateral edges of the neural plate elevate and fuse.

The morula is transported along the length of the

fallopian tube.
At what week of human development is
implantation completed?*
What significant event occur during the
0/1
second week of embryonic development?
1st week
*
Embryo folds.
Blastocyst is implanted. 2nd week
Morula gets transported. 3rd week
The notochord id formed. 4th week

What group of tissues will originate from How many weeks are required to

the mesoderm?* complete gastrulation?*

Most connective tissues 1/1
Most lining epithelium of the gut
Brain and spinal cord 1
Glndular cells of GI associated organs
2
3
What germ cell layer will give rise to 4
blood, bone and cartilage?*
endoderm
mesoderm What is the anatomical plane that
ectoderm divides the body into an anterior and
none of the above
posterior region?*

When will the neural tube complete its 1/1

formation?* median plane

2nd week of development coronal plane
3rd week of developement
4th week of development oblique plane
8th week of development transverse plane
 uterus

What is the correct sequence of

peritoneum
embryonic development?*
0/2
Where does the process of meiosis II of
neurulation, folding, gastrulation
implantation, gastrulation, neurulation oocytes normally take place?*
fertilization, neurulatio, gastrulation 0/1

implantation, gastrulation, cleavage ovary

fallopian tube
uterus

What is the process of activating the

peritoneum
ability of the spermatozoa to fertilize the
oocyte?*
TRUE or FALSE? 1. Spermatocytes send
1/1
chemical attractants in order for the
meiosis
spermatogenesis oocytes to reach its site of fertilization.
spermiogenesis 2. The fallopian tube is a normal site of
capacitation
fertilization.*
0/1

Both are TRUE

TRUE or FALSE? The mesenchymal cells Both are FALSE
of the notochord give rise to the
Only number 1 is TRUE
formation of the neural crest.*
Only number 2 is TRUE
0/1

TRUE
TRUE or FALSE. 1. Several
FALSE spermatocytes will be able to penetrate
the zona pellucida but only one will
fertilize the oocyte. 2. Several follicles
How many sets of chromosome will
will ovulate to produce a mature oocyte
meiosis I produce?*
for fertilization.*
1/1
2/2
haploid
Both are TRUE
Both are FALSE
diploid
triploid
none of the above Only number 1 is TRUE
Only number 2 is TRUE

Where does the process of meiosis II of

What segment of the fallopian tube is
oocytes normally take place?*
most common site of fertilization?*
0/1
1/1
ovary
fallopian tube interstitial segment
isthmus loose connective tissue
ampulla dense connective tissue

infundibulum
TRUE or FALSE: 1. Normal erythrocytes
are sequestered in the spleen after 90
What intercellular junctional complex
days. 2. Normal erythrocytes are
prevent paracellular water loss and entry
spherical in shape. *
and movement of nutrients?*
2/2
1/1
Both are TRUE
tight junction Both are FALSE

adherent junction Only number 1 is TRUE

gap junction Only number 2 is TRUE
macula adherens

What organelle function as the site of

What approach in the study of human
synthesis of proteins that are to be
anatomy emphasizes the visible
transported out of the cell?*
landmarks on the skin and palpable
1/1
depressions and prominences of the
Golgi complex
human body?*
mitochondria
1/1 nucleolus
rough endoplasmic reticulum
Regional anatomy
Systemic anatomy
Radiologic anatomy
Surface anatomy Exercise on the
Spinal Cord and
What cells are inherently found in Peripheral Nerves
connective tissues?*
Which of the following sensory receptors
2/2
detect deep pressure as opposed to surface
fibroblasts, monocytes/macrophages, mast cells and pressure?
plasma cells
Merkel discs
fibroblasts, basophils, mast cells and plasma cells
Pacinian corpuscles
fibroblasts, memory B cells, mast cells and plasma cells
chondroblasts, macrophages, mast cells and plasma Meissner's corpuscles
cells

What type of connective tissue comprise Nucleus XII: where do its axons terminate?
the tendons and ligaments?* *
0/1 On the palatoglossus and other striated muscles of the
tongue as well as the palatine glands.
cartilage
On the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue and
reticular tissue taste buds on the anterior two thirds of the tongue.
On the genioglossus and other muscles of the tongue.

On the striated tongue muscles and pharyngeal mucosa.

Which of the following consists of nerves that

primarily branch from the brain area and the
sacral area only?*

somatic
sympathetic

parasympathetic
A. The conus consists of lower sacral and a small
coccygeal segment that innervates the perineum.

Which of the following nerves causes the
adrenal medulla to release epinephrine and
norepinephrine?*
somatic
sympathetic
parasympathetic
Which of the following consists of nerves that
branch off the spinal cord and then innervate
a “trunk” (which parallels the spinal cord) and
B. The conus consists of the lumbar and sacral
segments which innervate the lower part of the body
from the pelvis down.
C. The conus consists of S1-S5 and 3-4 coccygeal
segments and innervates the pelvic area.
Feedback
The conus medullaris innervates the lower
sacral regions including the bowel and
bladder.
Which of the following is considered to be a

then branch off the trunk?* polysynaptic reflex?*

somatic shining a light in the eye thereby causing the pupils to

constrict
sympathetic
poking the finger with a pin and then moving the entire
parasympathetic arm in response

the doctor tapping on the patellar tendon causing the

lower leg to move in response to the tapping
The vagus cranial nerve is a __________ nerve.*

somatic
White matter is a collection of myelinated
sympathetic
and unmyelinated axons that conduct signals
parasympathetic
from one area of gray matter to another. What
cell bodies can be recognized in white
matter?*

What cord segments comprise the conus

medullaris (tapering end of the spinal cord),
and what do they innervate?*
 Ventral and dorsal root cell bodies are in ganglia,
(clusters of cell bodies outside the CNS).

Ventral and dorsal root cell bodies are in the gray matter
of the cord.

Ventral root cell bodies are in the gray matter of the

spinal cord and dorsal root cell bodies are in ganglia.

Ventral root cell bodies are in ganglia and dorsal root cell
bodies are in the gray matter of the spinal cord.

Cell bodies of glial cells.

Cell bodies of ependymal cells. Sensory receptors are often the __________ of
Cell bodies of pial cells. neurons.*
Cell bodies of neurons. axons
somas

dendrites
An association neuron is located __________.*

between the motor nerve and the effector

between the sensory nerve and the spinal cord Which of the following will merge together
in the spinal cord between the sensory fiber and the (after branching off the spinal cord) to form a
motor fiber spinal nerve?*

ventral and dorsal roots

white ramus and gray ramus

white columns and gray horns

Which of the following sensory receptors are
associated with the joints of the body?*

interoceptors How do the meninges cover the spinal cord?

exteroceptors *

proprioceptors

The spinal nerves consist of ventral and

dorsal roots. Where are the cell bodies of the
axons in each root?*

The pia, arachnoid, and dura cover the spinal cord in

tight, closely apposed layers.

The dura, arachnoid, and pia of the brain and spinal cord
are continuous. All three layers loosely cover the spinal
cord.
The dura, arachnoid, and pia all cover the spinal cord;
the dura and arachnoid are tightly connected with each
other.

Only the dura mater continues down from the brain to

cover the spinal cord, protecting it from the surrounding Which of the following is/are true regarding
bone. this structure - filum terminale? *
Feedback
1/1
With this arrangement of meninges, there is a
subarachnoid space in which CSF can
circulate.

Which of the following sensory receptors are

involved in detecting changes in carbon
dioxide levels in the blood?*

chemoreceptors
exteroceptors

encapsulated receptors

A. It is attached to the conus medullaris.

The spinal cord consists of ascending tracts B. It is a continuation of the pia and ependyma of the
spinal cord.
of axons and descending tracts of axons.
Which of the following are correct in C. It penetrates the dura at the end of the dural sac
(vertebra S2).
reference to those tracts?*
D. It terminates as the coccygeal ligament fusing with the
The ascending tracts are found in the white matter and periosteum of the coccyx.
transmit sensory information. The descending tracts are
found in the gray matter and transmit motor information. E. All of the above.
The ascending tracts are found in the gray matter and
transmit sensory information. The descending tracts are
found in the white matter and transmit motor information.

Both tracts are found in the white matter. The ascending

tract transmits sensory information while the descending What does the cauda equina (Latin for horse's
tracts transmit motor information.
tail) represent? *

1/1

The plexus groups that are formed from the

branches off the spinal cord are formed from
the merging of __________.*

a dorsal root with a ventral root

one dorsal root with another dorsal root

one ventral ramus with another ventral ramus

 How do the axons of the nucleus of XII exit
the cranial cavity? *

Through the Hypoglossal canal.

Through the Foramen Magnum.

Through the Stylomastoid Foramen.

Through the Condyloid canal.

Through the Jugular Foramen.

The ventral roots that extend from the lower spinal If it were necessary, as it sometimes is, to
segments down to their various exits from the vertebral insert a needle into the subarachnoid space
canal.
to sample CSF, where is a relatively safe
The dorsal roots that extend from their various entrances
point for needle insertion?*
into the vertebral canal up to the proper segment of the
cord. Between C-7 and T-1.
Both dorsal and ventral roots within the subarachnoid Between L-3 and L-4.
space below the conus medullaris.
Between L-1 and L-2.

Between T-12 and L-1.

The conus medullaris is the tapering point at Which of the following transmits information
the end of the spinal cord. Where is it from the spinal cord to the extremities of the
approximately located?* body?*

1/1 ventral roots

L1 - L2 dorsal columns

dorsal root ganglia

L3 - L4

L4 - L5 Which of the following nerves generally

L5 - L6 “speed up” body activities?*

somatic
sympathetic
How many plexus groups branch off the
parasympathetic
spinal cord?*

3
4 Which of the following nervous systems can
5 be further subdivided to form the sympathetic
6 and parasympathetic systems?*
central
somatic

autonomic

Concerning spinal nerve C-8, which of the

following is true?*

There is no C-8 Cranial Nerve III

C-8 enters/exits between vertebrae C7 and C8. Cranial Nerve IV
C-8 enters/exits between vertebrae T1 and T2. Cranial Nerve VI
C-8 enters/exits between vertebrae C7 and T1.
Correct answer
Feedback Cranial Nerve IV
Spinal nerves C-1 - C-7 emerge above the
corresponding vertebra. Since there is not an
eighth cervical vertebra, spinal nerve C-8 Fasciculi are bundles of nerve tracts
emerges below vertebra C-7. All succeeding
associated with __________.*
spinal nerves emerge below the vertebra for
which they are named. gray matter of the spinal cord
gray commissures of the spinal cord

white matter of the spinal cord

Where are the cells of origin for the circled
axons ?
What is the name of the structures that hold
the spinal cord in position within the
vertebral foramen?*

denticulate ligaments
dorsal root ganglia

filum terminale

In the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.

Which of the following spinal cord regions are
In the dorsal root ganglia.
NOT involved with a plexus formation?*
In the dorsal column nuclei.
cervical region
In the intermediolateral cell column.
thoracic region

lumbar region

The muscle lettered B is innervated by: *

The cauda equina are nerves that branch off
the spinal cord in which of the following
areas?*

inferior end
lateral edges

middle region

middle region and inferior end

Pons

Which of the following sensory receptors are Cerebellum

associated with the joints of the body?* Temporal lobes

interoceptors Midbrain

exteroceptors Hypothalamus

proprioceptors

What vessel supplies the primary auditory

cortex (arrow)?*

Which of the following statements is true?*

Most reflexes travel only to the brain.

Most reflexes travel only to the spinal cord.

Most reflexes involve both the brain and spinal cord.

Exercise 2 on
Introduction to the Anterior cerebral artery.

Nervous System Middle cerebral artery.

Posterior cerebral artery.

What brain stem region lies or sits in the
tentorial notch (incisure)?*
Feedback
The primary auditory cortex is located on the
transverse temporal gyrus (of Heschl). This
part of the temporal lobe is supplied by the
middle cerebral artery.
Unilateral Cerebral strokes can cause deficits
in motor control, somatic sensation and
vision. However, they do not cause deficits in
hearing. The explanation for this is?*

0/1

Lateral ventricles
Auditory information does not reach the cortex
Third ventricle

Fourth ventricle
Auditory information only goes to one hemisphere. A and B
Auditory information goes to both hemispheres

Correct answer
A, B, and C
Auditory information goes to both hemispheres

Feedback
What vessel(s) serve(s) the primary
Auditory information goes to both
hemispheres. somatosensory cortex?*

0/1

Anterior cerebral artery

Obstruction of the cerebral aqueduct would
Middle cerebral artery
result in dilation of which of the following?*

Both

Neither

Correct answer
Both

Feedback

The medial surface of the primary

somatosensory and motor cortex is supplied
by branches of the anterior cerebral artery.
The middle cerebral artery vascularizes the
lateral surface.
The medial primary somatosensory cortex is
supplied by branches of the anterior cerebral
artery. The middle cerebral artery
vascularizes the lateral surface. BOTH are
branches of the internal carotid artery.
What vessel supplies this gyrus?*
0/1
Anterior cerebral artery
Middle cerebral artery
Posterior cerebral artery
Correct answer
Anterior cerebral artery
Feedback
The cingulate gyrus, on the medial surface of
the hemisphere, is supplied by the anterior
cerebral artery (arrow).
Sudden occlusion of which artery, near its
origin, will produce the most devastating
effects?*
0/1
The anterior cerebral artery.
The middle cerebral artery of the dominant hemisphere.
The middle cerebral artery of the nondominant
hemisphere.
The posterior cerebral artery of the dominant
hemisphere.
The posterior cerebral artery of the nondominant
hemisphere.
Correct answer
The middle cerebral artery of the dominant hemisphere.
Feedback
The middle cerebral artery (shown here) of
the dominant hemisphere vascularizes not
only the somatosensory and motor cortex,
but the speech centers in the frontal, parietal
and temporal areas. The auditory cortex is
also supplied by branches of this artery.
What cells form the myelin sheaths around
the axons in CN II and VIII?*
1/1
Astrocytes and Schwann cells, respectively.
Ependymal cells and Schwann cells, respectively.
Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells, respectively.
Oligodendrocytes and fibroblasts, respectively.
Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes, respectively.
What is the name of the sensory ganglion that
is located in the temporal bone where the
arrow is pointing?*

1/1

The parietal lobes.

Otic ganglion The temporal lobes.

Pterygopalatine ganglion The occipital lobes.
Submandibular ganglion The frontal lobes.
Geniculate ganglion The cerebellum.

Correct answer
The occipital lobes.

What vessel vascularize this area of cortex?*

Which of the following structures does not
1/1
border on the third ventricle?*
Anterior cerebral artery
Middle cerebral artery 0/1

Posterior cerebral artery.

What lies directly above the tentorium?*

0/1

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

Fourth ventricle

Interventricular foramen
Aqueduct junctions between preganglionic and postganglionic
neurons.
Feedback

The fourth ventricle is bordered by the pons,

medulla and cerebellum. What vessel(s) serve(s) areas involved in
speech in the majority of people?*

Right middle cerebral artery.

What vessel(s) serve(s) the primary motor
Left middle cerebral artery.
cortex?*
Right and left middle cerebral arteries.

Right and left posterior cerebral arteries.

Left middle and posterior cerebral arteries.

Short Exercise on
Introduction to
Anterior cerebral artery Neuroanatomy
Middle cerebral artery

Both
What structure is indicated by the star* ?*
Neither

What are the major structural differences

between dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and
autonomic ganglia?*

0/1

The DRG contain the cell bodies of sensory neurons

whereas the sympathetic ganglia contain the synaptic
junctions between preganglionic and postganglionic
neurons.
One is derived from neural crest and the other from Right frontal lobe
neural tube
Right cerebellum
Both have synapses
Right occipital lobe
One belongs to the CNS and the other belongs to the
PNS Right temporal

Right parietal lobe

Correct answer
The DRG contain the cell bodies of sensory neurons
whereas the sympathetic ganglia contain the synaptic
What is the gyrus posterior to the sulcus
indicated by the arrow?*

precentral gyrus

postcentral gyrus Right frontal lobe

Right parietal lobe

Right occipital lobe

Right temporal lobe

What lobes are separated by the indicated
Right cerebellum
sulcus?*

What is the structure indicated by the star* ?*

1/1

Frontal and parietal lobes

Frontal and temporal lobes

Left and right hemispheres Right frontal lobe

Parietal and occipital lobes Right parietal lobe

Right temporal lobe

Right occipital lobe

What is the structure indicated by the star* ?*

Right cerebellum
 What is the structure indicated by #1?*

What is the structure indicated by the star* ?*

Right frontal lobe

Right parietal lobe

Internal capsule
Right temporal lobe
Putamen
Right occipital lobe
Globus Pallidus
Right cerebellum
Caudate

Thalamus

What is the structure indicated by the star* ?*

0/1 What is the structure located within the oval

a part of?*

Frontal lobe

Parietal lobe
Limbic system
Occipital lobe
Thalamus
Temporal lobe
Basal ganglia
Cerebellum
Internal capsule

Visual system
 simple columnar epithelium
The structure within the oval below is part of
which of the following?* simple squamous epithelium

simple cuboidal epithelium

0/1

What is the embryonic origin of the adrenal

cortex?*

ectodermal neural crest

mesodermal cells

endodermal cells
Limbic system

Internal capsule

Thalamus What is the lining epithelium of the proximal

Motor system and distal convoluted tubules?*
Basal ganglia
0/1

simple squamous epithelium

simple cuboidal ciliated epithelium

simple columnar ciliated epithelium

Third Term, Fourth none of the above

Correct answer
Quiz in Anatomy none of the above

What structures support the epithelial cells What type of epithelium that makes up the
within the organ of Corti?* anterior entrance to the nasal passageways?*
Vestibular membrane pseudostratified ciliated epithelium with goblet cells
Tectorial membrane stratified squamous epithelium
Basilar membrane transitional epithelium
Spiral ligament olfactory epithelium
Spiral limbus

What is the lining of the roof of the nasal

What is the lining epithelium of the air-filled cavity?*
tympanic cavity of the middle ear?* pseudostratified ciliated epithelium with goblet cells
stratified squamous keratinizing epithelium stratified squamous epithelium
simple columnar epithelium inferior rectus

transitional epithelium medial rectus

What nerve transmits impulses that arise What structure/s are included in the fibrous
from the organ of Corti?* layer of the eyeball?*

vestibular branch of the 8th nerve choroid

cochlear branch of the 8th nerve retina

trigeminal nerve sclera

facial nerve iris

What structure NOT part of the uvea?*

What eye movement is produced by the ciliary body

contraction of right lateral rectus muscle left choroid

medial rectus muscle?* cornea

look towards the roof iris

look towards the floor

look towards the right

Where is the lens located in the eyeball?*
look towards the left
anterior segment of the eye
posterior segment of the eye

In order to look towards the left side of the inner layer

floor, what are the extraocular muscles that none of the above
muscles that must synergistically contract?*

left inferior oblique and medial rectus and right superior

oblique and lateral rectus Where in the eyeball can you find the aqueous
left inferior oblique and lateral rectus, and right medial humor?*
rectus and superior oblique
anterior segment of the eye
left and right inferior oblique and left lateral rectus and
right medial rectus posterior segment of the eye

left lateral and inferior rectus and right medial and inner layer
inferior rectus
uvea

What muscle will be paralysed with the

What will happen to the pupils with
transection or damage to the oculomotor
stimulation of the parasympathetic nerve
nerve ?*
supply of the pupillary muscles?*
lateral rectus muscle
superior oblique 0/1
pupillary dilatation

Correct answer
nothing will happen internal iliac nodes
pupillary constriction

Correct answer
What structure provide support to the
pupillary constriction
apex of the nose?*

1/1
What is the major blood supply of the nasal bone
retina?* septal cartilage
ciliary artery
major alar cartilage
ophthalmic artery
conjunctival artery
alar fibrofatty tissues
central retinal artery

What are the posterior openings of the

nasal cavity?*

ANATOMY LONG 1/1

pharyngopalatine orifice
EXAMINATION nasal vestibule

November 28 choanae

Total points42/50
concha
Email*

kristelsalvador88@gmail.com
What arteries give rise to the uterine
arteries?*
What is the lymphatic drainage of the
1/1
urinary bladder?*
aorta
0/1
renal arteries
inguinal nodes
ovarian arteries
femoral nodes
internal iliac arteries
internal iliac nodes
lumbar paraaortic nodes
 pelvic
thoracic
Where are the cribriform plate located in
mediastinal
the nasal cavity?*
retroperitoneal
1/1

roof

floor What structure is the combination of the

lateral wall ductus deferens and ducts of the seminal

vesicle?*
medial wall
1/1

epididymis
What important structure/s are NOT be
rete testes
found in the cranial cavity?*
prostatic utricle
1/1 ejaculatory duct
eyes

midbrain
cerebellum What is an inferior boundary of the
abdominal cavity?*
pituitary gland
1/1

xiphoid process
What is the normal position of the uterine
inguinal canal
corpus?*

1/1
7th to to 10th ribs
anteverted
iliopsoas muscles
retroverted
anteverted retroflexed
all of the above What sinus/es are located posterior to
the external auditory meatus and middle
ear?*

0/1
What is the location of the kidneys?* maxillary sinuses

1/1
ethmoid sinuses tympanic membrane
mastoid sinuses
sphenoid sinus
What is the medial border of the pleural
Correct answer cavity?*
mastoid sinuses
1/1

lungs
What ligamentous support of the uterus peritoneum
conveys the uterine arteries?* mediastinum

1/1

round ligaments retroperitoneum

ovarian ligaments
cardinal ligaments
What is NOT a component of the
ossicles?*
infundibulopelvic ligaments
1/1

tegmen tympani
What structures are proximal to the
ductus deferens?*
malleus
1/1 stapes
epididymis incus
rete testes

What bony structures support the nasal

ampulla of the ductus deferens
septum?*
ejaculatory ducts
0/1

vomer
What structures can be found in the lacrimal bone
middle ear?* septal cartilage

1/1

cochlea frontal bone

ossicles
Correct answer
vomer
semicircular canals
What contributes to the "floor" of lumbar paraaortic nodes

posterior wall of the retroperitoneal common iliac nodes

space?*

1/1 inguinal nodes

sigmoid colon celiac nodes
rectus abdominis Correct answer
quadratus lumborum lumbar paraaortic nodes

diaphragmatic dome
What cells are believed to serve as
pacemakers of smooth muscle
contractions in the urinary bladder
What is the inferior border of the anterior
lamina propria?*
reflection of the pleura*
1/1
1/1
Purkinje cells
C7 vertebra
umbrella cells
12th rib
interstitial cells of Cajal
10th rib
6th rib
Interstitial cells of Leydig

What is the difference between the

What structure is homologous to the
pharyngotympanic tube of a child and an
prostate in the females?*
adult?*
1/1
1/1
Bartholin Glands
that of a child is directed more anteriorly
Skene Glands
that of the adult is directed more inferiorly

Both A and B
no difference
None of the above

What is the medial wall of the middle

What group of lymph nodes drains the ear?*
lymphatic flow of the kidneys?*
1/1
0/1
jugular wall
labyrinthine wall
rectum
prostrate
tegmen tympani ascending colon
membranous wall

Where does the round ligament insert to

To what structures does the malleus in the vulva?*
attach to?*
1/1
0/1 hymen
tympanic membrane and the stapes clitoris
incus and the stapes labia majora

tympanic membrane and the incus vaginal introitus

none of the above

Correct answer
What pleural membrane is adherent to
tympanic membrane and the incus
the lungs?*

1/1
What segment of the male urethra does parietal pleura
the ejaculatory duct empty its content?* visceral pleura

1/1

intramural urethra
prostatic urethra
What structure/s are related to the
surface of the right kidney anteriorly?*
membranous urethra
1/1
spongy urethra
liver

What important pelvic structure/s are

spleen
also "sometimes found in the abdominal
stomach
cavity?*
psoas muscles
1/1

uterus
What structure is NOT found in the pudendal artery

retroperitoneal space?* uterine artery

1/1

great vessels (aorta and vena cava? renal artery

kidneys testicular artery

stomach

What are the branches of the segmental

ureters arteries of the kidneys?*

1/1

What structures can be found in the lobar arteries

abdominal cavity?*

1/1 arcuate arteries

small intestines afferent arterioles

interlobar arteries

rectum
prostate What structure is the most distal?*
cervix
0/1

renal papilla

Where are most of the ovarian larger

blood and lymphatic vessels and nerves
minor calyx
found?*
major calyx
1/1 renal pelvis
ovarian cortex
Correct answer
ovarian capsule
renal pelvis
ovarian medulla

What structure/s are related to the

germinal epithelium
surface of the left kidney posterioly?*

0/1
What is the major blood supply of the pancreas
uterus?*
stomach

1/1
colic flexures
psoas muscle
What is the lining epithelium of the
Correct answer transformation zone?*
psoas muscle
1/1

pseudostratified columnar non-ciliated epithelium

What is the epithelial lining of the stratified squamous non-keratinizing epithelium
prostatic urethra?* simple columnar non-ciliated epithelium

1/1

transitional epithelium transitional epithelium

simple columnar epithelium

What kidney is slightly superior in
stratified squamous epithelium
location to the other?*
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
1/1

left kidney
What is the blood supply of the prostate?*

1/1 right kidney

superior vesical artery occasionally the same
pudendal artery both have same level of location
middle sacral artery
inferior vesical artery
What structures can be found on the
anterior abdominal wall?*

1/1

What cells constitute the follicular lining skin, rectus abdominis muscles and fascia
responsible for production of estrogen
that are found in the antrum?*
kidneys, ureters and great vessel
1/1 bladder, rectum and uterus
theca interna cells diaphragm
theca externa cells
theca lutein cells
granulosa cells
What is the major location of the 0/1
glomeruli of the kidneys?* floor

1/1 roof

renal cortex

lateral wall

renal medulla Option 4medial wall / septum

renal papilla Correct answer

minor calyz lateral wall

What is an important structure is found in What is an unpaired branch of the

the mediastinal cavity?* abdominal aorta?*

1/1 1/1

lungs renal artery

thymus celiac artery

bronchioles inferior phrenic artery

thoracic vertebra superior mesenteric vein

What structure partially divides the What blood vessel enters the Bowman's
cranial cavity from the calvarium at the capsule to carry blood for filtration?*
midsagittal plane?*
1/1
1/1 lobar artery
falx cerebri arcuate artery
interlobular artery

sella turcica afferent arteriole

foramen magnum
tentorium cerebelli

What is/are the lateral boundaries of the

In what wall of the nasal cavity will you mediastinal cavity?*
find the opening of the anterior ethmoid
1/1
and maxillary sinuses?*
diaphragm
thoracic inlet
thoracic spine
mediastinal pleura