OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY

GENERAL
PHYSICS 2 PREPARED BY: FATIMAH GRACE D. DE LEON
 LESSON 1:

ELECTROSTATIC
(Static Electricity)
CONTENT STANDARD
The learners demonstrate an understanding of:
1. Electric Charge 5. Electric forces and fields
2. Conductors and Insulators 6. Electric field calculations
3. Induced Charges 7. Charges on conductors
4. Coulomb’s law
Discovery of Electricity
About 600 B.C., Thales,
a Greek philosopher and
scientist, observed that a
piece of amber attracted
a small bits of paper or
very thin wood shavings
after they were rubbed
with wool.
Whenever these objects
were rubbed against
each other, they were
able to attract other light
objects.
William Gilbert, an
English Scientist in the
16th century, found that
many other materials
could be make like
amber.
William Gilbert called
this behavior electricity,
from the Greek word
electron, meaning
‘amber’.
 The stationary electric charge is described as static electricity. Two
objects rubbed against each other become charged.

Electric Charge
Electric Charge is the physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force
when placed in an electromagnetic field. There are two types of electric charges:
positive and negative. All materials are made of atoms, which contain electric charges.
Around the outside of an Note:
• An atom has equal
atom are electrons, which amounts of protons and
have a negative charge. electrons, which balance
each other, so an atom is
neutral, or has no overall
The nucleus at the centre charge.
of an atom contains • Electrons do not always
protons, which have a stay attached to atoms
and can sometimes be
positive charge. removed by rubbing.
 Law of Charges
1. Opposite charges attract each 3. Charged body attracts a neutral body.
other.

2. Like charges repel each other.

H Using the Law of Electric Charges, predict if the two
materials will either ATTRACT or REPEL.
A
A B C D
L
I + - + NEUTRAL

M
1. Between A and B? ATTRACT
B
A 2. Between B and C? ATTRACT
W 3. Between A and C? REPEL
A 4. Between B and D? ATTRACT
 Law of Conservation of Charge

This law states that charge can be

transferred from one object to another but
cannot be created nor destroyed. The total
electric charge in an isolated system never
changes. The net quantity is always
conserved.
 Conductors Insulators
These are the materials that allow These are the materials that
the electrons to pass or flow hinders the electrons to pass or
through them easily. flow through them.

Semiconductors are intermediate between conductors

and insulators. Example of these are metalloids.
 Friction
Three (3) Charging by friction results when two different materials
Process of are rubbed together. The material will either become
positively or negatively charged, depends on its electron
Charging affinity.
If a plastic rod is rubbed with a cloth, it can become charged in
1 Friction one of two ways:
Electrons moved from the Electrons moved from the
cloth to the plastic rod. plastic rod to the cloth.
2 Conduction
OR
3 Induction
The plastic rod ends up with The plastic rod ends up with
an overall negative charged. an overall positive charged.
 Conduction
Three (3) Charging by conduction requires physical contact between a
Process of charging body and a neutral body. The sign of the charge acquired
by the neutral body is the same with that of the charged body.
Charging • A neutral body becomes positively charged when charged by
positively charged body.

1 Friction
• A neutral body becomes negatively charged when charged by a
negatively charged body.

2 Conduction 1
3 Induction 2
3
 Induction
Three (3) A neutral body may be also charged without physical contact
Process of with a charged body. This process is called induction. In induction,
the body to be charged is brought very near the charging body.
Charging

1 Friction

2 Conduction
3 Induction
 Induction
Three (3)
Process of
Charging

1 Friction

2 Conduction
3 Induction
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N-Wofq4Jz2M
H A balloon has a negative charge when rubbed by a woolen cloth.
A
1. If the balloon can attract some
L paper scraps, which of the
2. During rubbing, what have
been transferred between the
I following cannot be the charge of
paper scraps?
woollen cloth and the balloon?

M A. Neutral
A. Electrons

B B. Positive B. Protons
A
C. Negative C. Neutrons
W
A
 Electric Force
In the SI system of units, electric charge is measured by
coulombs (𝑪) in honor of French physicist Charles de Coulomb. The charge
on a single electron is:
Particle Charge (𝑪)
Electron (−𝑒) −1.60 × 10−19 𝐶
Proton (+𝑒) +1.60 × 10−19 𝐶
Neutron 0

Force of Repulsion

Force of Attraction
 Coulomb’s Law
The mathematical formula to calculate the electrostatic force
between two charged particles 𝑞1 and 𝑞2 separated by a distance 𝑟 is called
Coulomb’s Law.
Where:
𝐹: force between charges expressed in Newtons (𝑁)
𝒒𝟏 𝒒𝟐 𝑞1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑞2 : point charges expressed in coulomb (𝐶)
𝑭=𝒌 𝟐 𝑟: distance between the two charges in meter (𝑚)
𝒓 𝒌 = 𝟖. 𝟗𝟖𝟖 ×
𝑵𝒎
𝟏𝟎𝟗 𝟐
𝟐

The magnitude of the electric force 𝐹 is directly proportional to the

amount of one electric charge 𝑞1 multiplied by other 𝑞2 , and inversely
proportional to the square of the distance 𝑟 between their centers.
H 1. Two charges 𝑞1 and 𝑞2 are separated by a distance 𝑟. If both
charges are doubled to 2𝑞1 and 2𝑞2 but the distance 𝑟 remains
A the same, the new electric force is _____ the old force.
L
I
M
B
A
W
A
H 2. Two charges 𝑞1 and 𝑞2 are separated by a distance 𝑟. If both
charges remain the same but the distance 𝑟 is doubled, the
A new electric force is _____ the old force.
L
I
M
B
A
W
A
H 3. Suppose that two charges where one has a charge of 2 𝐶
and the other one has 3 𝐶 were positioned 0.5 𝑚 from each
A other. Determine the magnitude (𝐹) and the type of electrical
L force between them.

I
M
B
A
W
A
H 4. Suppose that two charges where one has a charge of 2 𝐶
and the other one has −1 𝐶 were positioned 2 𝑚 from each
A other. Determine the force and the type of electrical force
L between them.

I
M
B
A
W
A
H 5. A balloon with a charge of −4.0 𝜇∁ (Microcoulomb) is held 0.70 𝑚
from a second balloon having the same charge. Calculate the
A magnitude of the repulsive force.
L Note: 𝟏 ∁ = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝝁∁
I With this problem, we have to
convert the given 𝝁∁ to ∁.

M
B
A
W
A
 9
H 6. The force of repulsion between two objects is 4.5 × 10 𝑁. If
the charges of the objects are 2 𝐶 and 1 𝐶, determine the
A distance between them.
L 𝒒𝟏 |𝒒𝟐 |
Note: 𝒓 = 𝒌
I 𝑭

M
B
A
W
A
LESSON 1