Phần I: Các thì - Tenses

1. Hiện tại đơn (Simple present)

• Sử dụng: Hành động, trạng thái hiện xảy ra, sự thật hiển nhiên, một
tập quán, đặc tính, việc tương lai đã lên lịch
A: He speaks.
N: He does not speak.
Q: Does he speak?
• Những từ nhận biết: always, usually, often, frequently, sometimes,
seldom, rarely, every (…), once a week
• Xem xét chủ từ số nhiều hay số ít mà thêm “S/ES” hay giữ nguyên
động từ
• Động từ tận cùng: SS, SH, TCH, X, O, Z thì ta thêm ES nếu chủ từ
là ngôi thứ 3 số ít
• Động từ tận cùng là một phụ âm + Y đổi thành IES
(xem them tai lieu bo sung)
2. Present Progressive: Hiện tại tiếp diễn
Sử dụng: Hành động diễn ra khi nói, Hành động xảy ra ở một thời gian
giới hạn, Hành động được lên kế hoạch thực hiện trong tương lai
A: He is speaking at the moment.
N: He is not speaking at the moment.
Q: Is he speaking at the moment?
Những từ nhận biết: at the moment, just, just now, Listen!, Look!, now,
right now
3. Simple Past : Thì quá khứ đơn
Sử dụng: Hành động, trạng thái đã xảy ra và xong hẳn trong quá
khứ; một tập quán, khả năng trong quá khứ, kinh nghiệm trong quá
khứ (regular and irregular verbs)
 A: He spoke.
N: He did not speak.
Q: Did he speak?
• He wandered lonely in town last night
• He didn’t wander lonely in town last night
• Did he wander lonely in town last night?
• Những từ nhận biết: yesterday, ago, in 1990, the other day, last
Friday, when I was a child…
4. Past Progressive : Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn
Sử dụng: diễn tả một hành động thực hiện dở dang trong quá khứ tại một
thời điểm đề cập đến; một hành động đang diễn ra thi có hành động khác
xảy đến
A: He was speaking.
N: He was not speaking.
Q: Was he speaking?
• This time last year I was living in Brazil
• Yesterday, while we were having dinner, Tom phoned me
• Yesterday, Tom phoned me while were having dinner
• Yesterday, we were having dinner when Tom phoned me
• Những từ nhận biết: at + thời gian (yesterday, last night)…when,
while, as long as
5. Present Perfect Simple :Thì hiện tại hoàn thành
Sử dụng: một hành động vừa mới hoàn thành, một kết quả của hành động
trong quá khứ mà đến thời điểm hiện tại vẫn còn, một kinh nghiệm đến
hiện tại mới ngưng, một việc đến hiện tại vẫn còn tiếp tục
 • A: He has spoken for one hour.
N: He has not spoken for one hour.
Q: Has he spoken for one hour?
• Những từ nhận biết: just, recently, already, not… yet, never, ever,
since (điểm thời gian), for (khoảng thời gian) , before, lately,so far,
till now, up to now
6. Present Perfect Progressive: Thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Sử dụng: Nhấn mạnh hoảng thời gian sự việc đang tồn tại (không phải kết
quả), hành động gần đây đã hoàn hành nhưng vẫn còn tiếp tục, hành động
hoàn thành nhưng có ảnh hưởng đến hiện tại
• A: He has been speaking.
N: He has not been speaking.
Q: Has he been speaking?
• Những từ nhận biết: all day, for 4 years, since 1993, how long?, the
whole week
7. Past Perfect Simple : Quá khứ hoàn thành
Sử dụng: diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trước một hành động khác trong
quá khứ, thường đi cặp với quá khứ đơn
A: He had spoken.
N: He had not spoken.
Q: Had he spoken?
• After + QKHT, QKĐ or QKĐ + after QKHT
• Before+QKĐ, QKHT or QKHT before QKĐ
• Những từ nhận biết: already, just, never, not yet, once, until that
day
8. Past Perfect Progressive: Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Sử dụng: Hành động xảy ra trước một thời điểm nhất định nào đó trong
quá khứ, Đôi khi dùng chung vớ thì quá khứ hoàn thành, nhấn mạnh
khoảng thời gian hoặc quá trình thực hiện hành động
• A: He had been speaking.
N: He had not been speaking.
Q: Had he been speaking?
9. Future Simple : Thì tương lai đơn
Sử dụng: Hành động xảy ra trong tương lại mà không bị ảnh hưởng,
quyết định ngay trong lúc nói, giả định tương lai
A: He will speak.
N: He will not speak.
Q: Will he speak?
Những từ nhận biết: in a year, next …, tomorrow
10. Near future: Tương lai gần
b: Quyết định được thực hiện cho tương lai, kết luận về tương lai
A: He is going to speak.
N: He is not going to speak.
Q: Is he going to speak?
Những từ nhận biết: in one year, next week, tomorrow
11. Future Progressive: Tương lai tiếp diễn
Sử dụng:Hành động sắp xảy ra ở một thời đểm trong tương lai, hành
động chắc chắn xảy ra trong tương lai gần
A: He will be speaking.
N: He will not be speaking.
Q: Will he be speaking?
Những từ nhận biết: in one year, next week, tomorrow
12. Future perfect: Tương lai hoàn thành
Sử dụng:Hành động sẽ hoàn thành ở một thời điểm nhất định trong tương
lai
A: He will have spoken.
N: He will not have spoken.
Q: Will he have spoken
Những từ nhận biết: by Monday, in a week
Bài tập
• She doesn’t work, she (swim) now
• She (see) him at the supermarket yesterday
• We (eat) dinner before we came here
• She (play) the piano when our guests (arrive) last night
• This message (just, arrive)
• While we (plant) trees, the principal (come) and (talk) to us
• Buses (pass) my house everyday
• We (live) here since 1990
• They (ride) home from school now
• She (fly) to New York tomorrow
• I (go) to Dalat last week and I (stay) there for five days
• The boys (play) football in the field when I arrived
 Phần II: Pasive voice (Thể thụ động)
• Active: S + V + O+ M
• Passive: S+ Be+V3/ed + M+ by O
Ex: Khoa bought this book in Can Tho
This book was bought in Can Tho by Khoa
• Simple Present
• am, is, are + V3,ed + … + By O
• Ex: My daughter cleans the floor
• --------------------------------------------------
• Simple past
• Was, were+ V3,ed+….+ by O
• Ex: Nam wrote this letter
• ---------------------------------------------------
• Simple Future
• Will, shall + Be + V3,ed+…+by O
• Ex: She will teach our class
• ---------------------------------------------------
• Present continuous
• am, is, are + being + V3, ed+…+ by O
• Ex: Mary is cooking dinner
• ---------------------------------------------------
• Past Continuous:
• was + being +V3, ed+…+ by O
• I was studying English at 2.00 yesterday
• ---------------------------------------------------
• Future Continuous:
• Will, Shall +be + being+ V3, ed+……+ by O
• Mary will be cleaning the door
• ---------------------------------------------------
• Present Perfect:
• Has, have + been + V3, ed
• The boy has found the key
• ---------------------------------------------------
• Past Perfect:
• had + been + V3, ed
• Mary had made this cake
• --------------------------------------------------
• Future Perfect:
• shall + have + been + V3, ed + ….+ by O
• He will have sold this car
• ---------------------------------------------------
• NEGATIVE:
• Saints didn’t build that temple
• ---------------------------------------------------
• No one looks after the children
• -------------------------------------------------
• YES_NO QUESTION:
• Ex: Did your mother make this cake?
• ----------------------------------------------------------
• WH_QUESTION:
• Ex: Who wrote this book ?
• ---------------------------------------------------
• VERB OF 2 OBJECTS: (Động từ có 2 túc từ)
• Indirect Oject-I.O (Túc từ gián tiếp)
• Direct Object (Túc từ trực tiếp)
Ex 1:John gives me a book
• ---------------------------------------------------
• John gives a book to me.
• ---------------------------------------------------
• Ex 2:I bought my sister some pens
• ---------------------------------------------------
• I bought some pens for my sister.
• ---------------------------------------------------
• TO: give, send, show (chỉ, đưa cho), lend, promise, hand, pay, read,
wish, offer, read, tell, throw
• FOR: get (mua), order (đặt mua), spare (dành cho), bring, make,
leave (bỏ lại), save (để dành), sell, buy
• DEFECTIVE VERBS (Động từ khiếm khuyết ở câu Passive)
• S + Def.V + Be +P.P
• May, might, ought to. Can, could, must
Ex: He can speak English.
• ---------------------------------------------------
• NẾU TRONG CÂU ACTIVE CÓ VERBS OF PERCEPTION
(động từ tri giác): SEE, WATCH, HEAR, MAKE…
• Thì động từ theo sau không TO chuyển thành động từ có TO ở câu
passive
• Ex: He makes me do it
• ---------------------------------------------------
• Nếu S trong câu ACTIVE là I, HE, SHE, IT, WE, YOU, THEY,
SOMEONE, PEOPLE…
• Any
• Some one
• body
• No thing
• Every
• Khi chuyển sang PASSIVE có thể bỏ BY ME, BY HER, BY US,
BY YOU, BY THEM, BY HIM, BY SOMEONE…
• Ex: People speak English all over the world
• ---------------------------------------------------
• Ex: Someone stole my purse
• ---------------------------------------------------
• VERB FOLLOWED BY A PREPOSITION
• Our sister looks after our children.
• Causative form: nhờ bảo, sai khiến
•
Chủ
• động :S+ have + O (person) + V (bare Infinitive) +O (thing)
Bị
•
động : S + have +O (thing) + V3
 • Ex: I have the barber cut my hair
-> I have my hair cut by the barber
• Bị động kép : Động từ chính ở hiện tại
• People + think/say/suppose/believe/consider/report…+that + clause
* It’s+thought/said/supposed/believed/considered/reported…+that+clause
* S + am/is/are+thought/said/supposed/believed/considered/reported…+to
+ V –inf.
• Ex: People say he is a good doctor.
– It’s said that he is a good doctor.
– He is said to be a good doctor.
• S + am/is/are +
thought/said/supposed/believed/considered/reported…+to + have PII
• Ex: People think he stole my motorbike.
– It’s thought that he stole my motorbike .
– He is thought to have stolen my motorbike.
• Dạng đặc biệt (câu 8 p 99, test 4)
• Active: S+ have, has, had, be having+ someone+ V1
• Passive:S+ have, has,had, be having+ something+V3/Ved…
• Ex: I have the barber cut my hair
I have my hair cut
• Câu 5 trang 113 test 5 (p43)
• His parents made him study for his exams
• He was made to study for his exams by his parents
• Câu 9 trang 115 test 6 (wh-question)
• I’ve never heard of it. Where was it made?
• Câu 10 trang 115 test 6 (Mệnh đề danh từ)
• I am not sure where it was made
• Câu 11 trang 115 test 6
• He was sacked after having an argument with his supervisor
(meaning)
• Câu 16 trang 116 test 6
• Children can be instructed in swimming. They can be taught how to
swim (Động từ khiếm khuyết: model verbs
meaning)
• Câu 4 trang 121 test 6
• Dạng đặc biệt
• They/People + believe/think/say/report + that + S +V + O
• It is believed/thought/said/reported + that + S + V +O
• S + be+ believed/thought/said/reported + to infinitive
• He is believed to be mad
• Câu 5 trang 121 test 6
• We are having our house painted by a local firm
Passive voice exercises
• Pine trees are found in many parts of the world
•
• The fire was put by the firemen very quickly
•
• Comedies are usually preferred to tragedies
•
• No prizes were won by bad students
•
• The meat is eaten by the lions with pleasure
•
• Glasses of wine weren’t drunk out
•
• The book was written carefully
•
• A sound wasn’t heard

• Someone wants the table to be laid by you

•
• His uncle was made a captain of the football team
•
• The rest of us was asked to be there at eight o’clock
•
• We are promised higher wages
•
• By whom was the telephone discovered?
•
• You are simply laughed at for your trouble
•
• All the people are made happy by the King
•
• People found him lying injured on the pavement
•
• Kind friends supplied him plenty of money
•
• The police closely asked them
•
• They took the injured man to the hospital
•
• The earthquake did a lot of damage
•
• The maid washed the floor this morning
•
• His brother gave him a bike for his birthday
•
• They read prayers after the ceremony
• People know that he is a famous scientist
• He is
• His parents have made him work like a horse
• He
• People said that he treated his wife badly
• He
• We had the porter take our luggage into the room
 Phần III: PHRASES AND CLAUSES
Cụm từ và mệnh đề
* Phrases and clauses of concession
Mặc dù, bất luận thế nào (đầu câu): Though/Although, Even though, Even
if, Much as (clause of concession)
Ex: Although the team played well, they lost
(Clause of concession) main clause
Nhưng, tuy nhiên (giữa câu)
• Despite, in spite of, for all, notwithstanding + possessive adjective
+ N/Ving
or +Phrase
Ex: Despite their playing well, they lost
For all his wealth and fame, he’s a very lonely man
• Subject + verb + object, BUT/YET/NEVERTHELESS + main
clauses
Ex: I am very hungry, but I dare to eat much
• V3/Ved/adjective/ Adverb + As/Though +Subject+Verb, main
clause
Ex: Old as he is, he still manages to enjoy life
• Whatever=no matter what: bất luận gì đi nữa
• Whoever = no matter who: bất luận ai đi nữa
• Whenever= no matter when: bất luận khi nào
• However = no matter how + adjective: dù thế nào đi nữa
• Try as + Adjective + as I might = No matter how I tried: dù tôi cố
gắng mấy đi nữa
 Exercises
• If you like, you can eat everything (whatever)- You can…..

• No matter what you say, I won’t believe you-Whatever you say…

• However much ill children are, they still try to smile-No matter
how…/In spite of

• Although it rains heavily, we go to school-Despite……

• In spite of his trying, he couldn’t pass the exam/Although…/Try

as…

PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF REASON

S + V + O because/Since/As/For + S + V+O
Main clause Subordinate clause
Ex: Since/As he had not paid his bill, his electricity was cut off
As it’s raining again, we’ll have to stay at home
I am leaving because I’m fed up
I decided to stop and have lunch, for I was feeling hungry
• S + V + O Because of/due to+ V-ing/N phrase
Ex: They stayed at home because of the rain
Why questions and clause of reason
Ex: Why is he going to the post office?
 Exercises
Rewrite these sentences using BECAUSE OF
• They didn’t come to your party because they had a meeting
•
• The train couldn’t continue to go because the fog was so thick
•
• We postponed our trip to Dalat because the weather was too bad
• She was absent yesterday because her father was ill

Phần III: PHRASES AND CLAUSE OF PURPOSE

S + V + O + so that/in order that + Clause
Ex: I study hard so that I can pass this exam
She drinks orange juice in order that she isn’t thirsty
S + V + O + to/in order (not) to/so as to + infinitive + O
Ex: The bank receives money to keep it safe
Exercise
• I am buying paint. I want to paint my hall door (to/so that)
•
• He opened the lions cage. He intended to feed the lions (in order
to/in order that)
•
• She has a box. She wants to put her savings in it (so as to/so that)
•
• He rushed into the burning house. He wanted to rescue the child ( in
order to)

CLAUSES OF RESULT
• Too….to
• S+V+Too +Adj + (for me/him/her…) to V1
• Ex: The tea is too hot for me to drink
• Enough to
• S + V +Adj + Enough + (for me…) to V1
• Ex: The man is not strong enough to run far
• So…that
• S + V + So adj/Adv that +Subject+ Can/can’t +V1 + object
• Ex: I am so weak that I can’t lift this metal box
• Such…that
• S+ V + such (a/an) +adjective + N + That + S + can/can’t + V1 +
object
• Ex: That was such an exciting match that it pleased a large number
of fans
Exercise
Using too…to, enough to, so…that, such…that to combine the
following pairs of sentences
• She is very short. She can’t win Miss World’s diadem-
She is too…
• This car is very expensive. I can’t buy it-
This car is too….
This car (cheap)
• That metal box is very heavy. He can’t carry it
That metal box is too…
That metal box is so….
• The ceiling is very high. She can’t touch it
-The ceiling is too…
The ceiling (short)
• This shirt is very old. She shouldn’t wear it
This shirt is too…
It is such
• They are so busy. They can’t help you
• -They are too…
• These are such
• He is too tired. He can’t walk with you
He is too …
He is (strong)
 Phần IV: Hình thức động từ
Một số động từ theo sau bởi “To infinitive”
• Attempt: cố gắng (Attempt to)
• Aim: nhắm, hướng vào
• Be: phải
• Demand: yêu cầu
• Fail: thất bại
• Hope: hy vọng
• Plan: lên kế hoạch
• Intend: dự định
• Tend: có khuynh hướng
• Agree: đồng ý
• Appear: xuất hiện
• Beg: van xin
• Declare: tuyên bố
• Forget: quên
• Learn: học
• Prepare: chuẩn bị
• Refuse: từ chối
• Tell: Kể
• Ask: Yêu cầu
• Choose: chọn lựa
• Decline: từ chối
• Determine: quyết định
• Hesitate: do dự, ngập ngừng
• Manage: xoay sở được, giải quyết
• Promise: hứa
• Seem: dường như, có vẻ
• Want: muốn
• Arrange: sắp xếp
• Claim: đòi, quả quyết
• Decide: quyết định
• Expect: mong chờ, trông đợi
• Remind: nhắc nhở
• Offer: Biếu, tặng
• Prove: chứng minh
• Volunteer: xung phong, tình nguyện
• Advise: khuyên bảo
• Với những động từ chỉ suy nghĩ, hiểu biết là phải dùng ‘to-V’
Exercises
• Our teacher reminded us (to do) the assignment
• I was broke, so my boyfriend offered (to lend) me some money
• I was advised (to rent) a new apartment
• They refuse (to help) me when I asked them
• The flight attendant reminded us (to fasten) the belts.
NHỮNG ĐỘNG TỪ THEO SAU LÀ V-ING
• Admit: thừa nhận, thú nhận
• Advise: khuyên
• Avoid: tránh né
• Anticipate: đoán trước
• Delay: hoãn lại
• Deny: từ chối
• Dislike: không thích
• Discuss: thảo luận
• Consider: xem xét
• Enjoy: thích thú
• Escape: tẩu thoát
• Excuse: thứ lỗi
• Finish: hoàn thành
• Forgive: tha thứ
• Imagine: tưởng tượng
• Involve: bao hàm
• Keep: giữ
• Mention: đề cập
• Mind: Lưu ý, bận tâm
• Miss: lỡ
• Pardon: tha thứ, tha lỗi
• Permit: cho phép
• Postpone: trì hoãn
• Practice: thực hành
• Propose: đề nghị
• Quit: bỏ, ngừng,nghỉ
• Recollect: nhớ lại
• Risk: liều
• Suggest: đề nghị
• Stop: ngừng
• Try: cố gắng
• Understand: hiểu
• To be used to: đã từng
• Avoid: tránh né
• Deny: từ chối
• Finish: hoàn thành
• Keep: giữ
• To be worth: đáng giá
• Detest: ghét
• Dread: kinh sợ
• Forgive: tha thứ
• Love: yêu
• Postpone: trì hoãn
• Resist: kháng cự, chống lại
• Start: bắt đầu
• To be no good: không tốt
• Can’t stand/help: không thể dừng
• Consider: xem xét
• Dislike: không thích
• Escape: tẩu thoát
• Hate: ghét
• Mean: nghĩa là
• Practice: tập luyện
• Suggest: đề nghị
• To be no use: không có tác dụng gì
• Can’t bear: không thể chịu đựng
• Delay: trì hoãn
• Like: thích
• Fancy: thích
• Imagine: tưởng tượng
• Permit: cho phép
• Object to: phản đối
• Preposition: (in, on, of, about…)
Exercises
• I don’t mind (to be) alone
• Do you enjoy (to watch) football?
• John has money problem. He’s thinking about (to get) a job.
• I can’t help (to sneeze) because I caught a cold
• They hate (listen) to Rap music
Những động từ theo sau bởi Gerund và To-infinitive
• Regret, remember, forget + V-ing: đã làm
• Regret, remember, forget + to-V: để làm
• I regret spending so much money
• We regret to inform you that you have failed this exam
• Advise, allow, permit, recommend
• (khuyên, cho phép, cho phép, đề nghị
• Object + to infinitive
• Ving
• My parents don’t allow me to go out at night
• They don’t allow going into that room
• Stop + to inf: dừng lại để làm gì
• V-ing: bỏ luôn, nghỉ luôn
• He stops to smoke, but the wind is so strong
• He can’t do it
• My father stopped smoking 2 years ago
• Try +to inf: cố gắng để làm gì đó
• Try+ Ving: thử để kiểm tra, thử nghiệm
• I was very tired. I tried to keep my eyes open but I couldn’t
• I had a terrible headache and I tried taking an aspirin but it didn’t
help.
Exercises
• I tried ( persuade) him to agree with my project
• Do you remember (buy) me a box of colored pencils?
• They don’t allow (smoke) in the meeting room
• I forget (lock) the door and left you inside
• My parents allowed me (go) with you
 Phần V: Relative clauses
• For person:
• Who: thay cho danh từ và đại từ: I, we, you, they, he, she, it, N
• Ex: This is the man. He met me last week
This is the man who met me last week
• Whom: thay cho object: me, us, you, him, her, them, it, N
• Ex: She is the excellent student. We need to praise her
She is the excellent student whom we need to praise
• Whose: thay cho adjective possessive: my, our, your, his, her, its
• Ex: I saw some people. Their motorbikes have been broken down
I saw some people whose motorbikes have broken down
• That: thay cho subject hoặc object for people, animals and things
in definite clause (defining relative clause is written without
commas)
• Ex: The woman is very beautiful. She lives next door
• The woman that lives next door is very beautiful
• That có thể thay thế cho Who khi nó đi sau các chữ: all, everyone,
everybody, no one, nobody, and whose
• Ex: Everyone liked him. They knew him.
• Every one who/that knew him liked him.
• For things:
• Which hoặc that: thay thế cho chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ
• Ex: This is the house. My parents bought it in 1995
 • This is the house which/that my parents bought in 1995
• The bed wasn’t very comfortable. I slept in that bed last night.
• The bed which/that I slept in last night wasn’t comfortable
• For place:
• Where hoặc in which (thay cho chữ: here, there, in + Noun of
place)
• Ex: This is the house. We have been living in this house since 1980
• This is the house where/in which we have been living since 1980
• For cause:
• Why: thay thế cho cụm từ: for that reason
• Ex: That is the reason. For that reason, he didn’t want to coordinate
with you
• Defining relative clause: mệnh đề quan hệ xác định không có dấu
phẩy
• Ex: The woman who lives next door is very beautiful
In-defining relative clause: mệnh đề không xác định có hai dấu
phẩy, có thể bỏ
• Ex: The girl, who is standing next to the window, is my daughter.
• When: thay cho cụm thừ: at the time, the day, in + season, then…)
• Ex: This is the time. We should act at this time.
• This is the time when we should act
BÀI TẬP
Combine the pair of sentences by using the relative pronouns
• It is the first idea. It comes to my mind
•
• They should go to Da Lat in January. The weather is very good for
them then
•
• Mrs Brown is the only woman. He wants to meet her
• The man is very young. You are driving his car
•
• Here are some accounts. You have to check these accounts
•
• This is Mrs. Jones. Her son won the championship last year.
•
• You can’t enjoy hiking in winter. Snow covers everything in
winter
•
• Do you meet the boy? He broke their window
•
• I listen to music late at night. The children have gone to bed at the
time.
• Do you know the building? The window of the building are
painted green.
• Fill in the blank with the proper relative pronounce
• Let me see all the letters……you have written
• They boy…..is standing near the machine is Tom
• I know the place…….roses grow a lot
• The man…..you want to meet has just left 1960 was the

year……….. the revolution took place

• The magazine……you lend me is very interesting

• They will move to the house…….is being built near the station
• She is looking for the students……lost their bicycles
• They are waiting for the man……… motorbike is found near my
house
Replace the relative clause by an infinitive or infinitive phrase
• If I had a family that I had to cook for I’d be more interested
•
• We had some exercise that we must do now
•
• He was the first man who left the burning house
•
• I was the only person who saw the difficulties
•
Phần VI: Conditional Sentences (Câu điều kiện)
• Câu điều kiện loại 0
• If S+ V (simple present)+ O, S+V+O
• Ex: If you heat ice, it melts
• Use: diễn đạt sự kiện luôn luôn đúng
• If có thể được thay thế bằng when
• Ex: When the teacher enters the class, the pupils stand
• Câu điều kiện loại 1
• If S + V (Simple Present) + O, S + will, shall, may, can + V1
• Ex: If the weather is fine, we will go camping.
• Unless the weather is fine, we won’t go camping
• Use: Sự kiện có thể xảy ra
• Câu điều kiện loại 2
• If +S + Ved/2 + O, S +would/could..+V1
• Ex: If I were you, I would go abroad
• Use: Sự kiện khó có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai; điều kiện
có thể xảy ra trong lý thuyết nhưng khó có thể xảy ra trong thực tế.
• Câu điều kiện loại 3
• If + S + had V3/ed, S + would/could…+ have + V3/ed
• If you hadn’t been absent yesterday, you would have seen teacher
• Use: Diễn tả tình huống trái với thực tế trong quá khứ
 • Có thể được thay thế bằng đảo ngữ của trợ động từ và chủ ngủ ngữ
• Ex: Were I Tom , I would refuse
BÀI TẬP
Supply the correct form of the verbs in parentheses
• Mr. Harry…….(help) you if you want
• If my friend…..(be) here now, he would help me
• If I….(make) that mistake again, my father will get angry with me
• We wouldn’t understand Miss Lee if she …(speak) too fast.
• If it (happen)…, I’d phone you at once.
• He he moved, I (notice)…it
• You (pay)…if your friend hadn’t had any money?
• I (be)…very angry if you had told him
• Stay in bed unless you (feel)…much better
• If you (stay)…here for dinner, please let the Head Waiter know in
advance

Change the conditional clauses in these sentences from Type 1 to

Type 2
• If they want to see you, they will come to the party
• If he is curious, he will ask what we are doing
• She will help us, if she has time
• If they work hard, they will succeed
Rewrite these sentences, using the form in which the word “if” is
omitted
• If he were here, he would lend us his car
• If I had remembered their address, I would have sent them a card
• If they had recognized her, they would have spoken to her.
• If I were in your position, I would pay close attention.
Wish sentences
• There are three forms
• Not true at present:
• S + wish(es) + S + V2/-ed + O
• (to be: were / weren’t)
• S + wish(es) + S + didn’t + V1
• Ex: I don’t have a computer.
• I wish I had a computer.
• Not true in the past:
• S + wish(es) + S + had + V3/-ed
• S + wish(es) + S + hadn’t + V3/-ed
• Ex: My parents didn’t understand me.
• I wish my parents had understood me
• Not true in the future
• S+ wish(es) + S + would + V1
• S + wish(es) + S + wouldn’t + V1
• Ex: What a pity! She won’t come with us tomorrow.
• We wish she would come with us tomorrow.
Exercises
• The weather is awful today.
• I wish……….
• She doesn’t meet her friend in the park.
• I wish……….
• The student can’t finish this exercise.
• I wish……….
• We had a lot of mistake in the test.
• I wish……….
• She is very ill today.
• I wish she (be)………….. tomorrow.
• The last night movie was very bad.
• She wishes she it ……………. better. (were, weren’t, had been,
hadn’t been)
• She isn’t at the party.
• I wish she……… here.
• I am sorry I am late for school.
• I wish……….
Prepositions
• Preposition of time: after, at, before, behind, by, during, for, from,
in, on (upon), since, through (out), toward (s), until, till, within…
• In: trước buổi trong ngày, tháng, năm, mùa, địa danh, đất nước
• On: trước ngày và tháng, trươc ngày trong tuần
• Ở trên: on TV
• Vào kỳ nghỉ: On holiday/On a trip
• Đi bộ: On foot
• Tự kiếm sống: Living on my own
• At: thời gian, nơi chốn, dịp lễ
• Lúc 6 giờ: At 6 o’clock/By 6 o’clock
• Tại sân bay: At the airport
• Vào độ tuổi: at the age of
• Lúc bắt đầu/lúc cuối: At the beginning of/At the end of…
• At school, at work, at home, at night, at christmas
• Preposition of place: about, above, across, at, before, behind, below,
beneath, beside, by, in, off, on (upon), over, through, to, toward(s)
under, within, without…
• Preposition of cause, reason, motive: at, for, from , of, on, over,
through, with (vì, do, bởi..)
• Preposition of aim or purpose: after (theo), for (vì), on (vào), to
(cho)….
 Reported speech
• Câu tường thuật (câu gián tiếp): kể cho ai đó nghe những gì người
khác nói hoặc đang nói
Cách chuyển:
• Lặp lại động từ giới thiệu SAY hoặc chuyển sang TELL nếu SAY
có bổ túc từ gián tiếp ( dạng SAY TO + Object )
• Dùng liên từ THAT thay cho dấu hai chấm, sau đó bỏ dấu ngoặc kép

Chuyển đại từ nhân xưng và tính từ sở hữu , nếu cần thiết tùy theo
nghĩa của câu
Ví dụ :
I ---> He/She ; me---> his , her
Nếu động từ giới thiệu trong câu nói ở hiện tại đơn, chỉ thay đổi đại
từ và tính từ cho phù hợp
• Ex: “I’m trying to get a taxi” Tom says to Mary
• Tom tells Mary that he is trying to get a taxi
• Nếu động từ giới thiệu của câu nói trực tiếp ở dạng quá khứ thì khi
chuyển sang câu tường thuật , động từ trong câu tường thuật được
thay đổi theo quy luật sau
• am, is, are was, were
• V1/s/es V2/ed
• Can could
• May might
• Will would
• Shall should
• Must had to
• Don’t/doesn’t didn’t
• Has/have had
• V2/Ved had Ved/3
• Đổi đại từ nhân xưng: ngôi 1 theo subject
• I she/he/I
• My her/ his/ my
• Me her/him/me
• We they
• Our/us their/them
• Ex: He said that “ I have lost my umbrella”
• He said that he had lost his umbrella
• Các đại từ nhân xưng và tính từ sở hữu ở ngôi thứ ba không đổi: he,
him, his, she, her, they, them, their
• Ex: He said that “They went to school yesterday”
• He said that they had gone to school the day before
• Chỉ định hạn từ (demonstrative determiners)
• This that
• These those
• Here there
• Today that day
• Yesterday the day before, the previous day
• Tomorrow the next day, the following day
• Now then
• Next week the following week
• Last month the previous month
• A year ago a year before
• The day before yesterday :two days before
• The day after tomorrow: in two day’s time
• “Please do as I said”, he told us
• He asked us to do as he had said
• “Don’t argue with your parents, please”, I said
• I asked them not to argue with their parents
• “Do you know this man?” she said to them
• She asked them if/whether they knew that man
• “Why don’t you like pop music?” he asked me
• He asked me why I didn’t like pop music
Bài tập
Change the following sentences into reported speech:
• I said to her “ I have something to give you”
•
• The thief ordered the landlady “Open the safe immediately, please.”
•
• He asked me “Does she go shopping with you?”
•
• They asked me “How much milk did you buy?”
•
• “Nothing grows in my garden. It never gets any sun,” she said
•
• “I am going away tomorrow, mother” he said
•
• “It isn’t foggy today as it was yesterday,” I remarked
•
• He said, “My wife has just bought a new house.”
•
• “I’ll come with you as soon as I am ready”, she said to me

• “You can keep that book if you like it, Ann” I said

•
• “I know exactly what they said,” he told me
•
• She said, “My father will take me to Da Lat next week”
•
• “I had an English lesson this evening,” said the small boy
•
• “I wrote to him on Sunday,” she said to me
•
• “If you press this button, you can hear the songs,” she said to me
•
• “If you leave home at six, you should be here by nine,” he said to me
 •
• “Why don’t you like pop music?” he asked me
•
• “Where were you last night, Peter?” My father asked
•
• “Are there any stadium near the school?” they asked me
Inversion
• What are you looking for?
• Are you reading the magazine?
• I’m very hungry. So is he.
• We don’t like beer. Neither do they.
• Một số trạng từ được đưa lên đầu câu để nhấn mạnh thì chúng được
theo sau bởi một trợ động từ và chủ ngữ (đảo ngữ)
• Under no circumstances can we cash the cheques
• At no time was the President aware of what was happening
• Not until much later did she learn who her real father was
• Hardly had I arrived when trouble started
• Seldom have I seen such an interesting film
• Little did he realize the danger he faced
• Never does she behave like that
• Only then did I understand what she meant
• Only after her death did I recognize she was my mother
• Not only did we lose our money but we were nearly killed
• Not a single word did she say
• On no condition are they to fire
• In no case can you come out of the room
• Trong câu điều kiện có thể đảo were và had lên trước chủ ngữ và bỏ
chữ if
• If I were a billionaire, I would buy that castle
• Were I a billionaire, I would buy that castle
• Had we not spent all the money already, we would have lent you
some
Expression of quantity
• Most pupils are fond of picture books
• Most beer is very cheap but some beer is expensive
• Most of them are intelligent
• Many=a large number of (friends)
• Much = a few number of (money)
• A few oranges (some)
• Few: friends (hardly many)
• A little : beer (not much)
• Little: time (hardly any)
• None of this money is mine
• Some of the people at the party were very friendly
• All of us live in London
• Half of them moved to New York last month
• Neither of the children want (s) to go to bed
• Both Tom and Ann were late
• Neither he nor she comes here
• Someone wants to see you
• Is anybody there?

Comparison of adjective
• So sánh bằng (comparison of equality)
• S1 + V + Adj/Adv+As+S2+V+O
• She is as tall as her mother
• I drive as carefully as he does/him
• So sánh kém hơn (inferiority)
• S1+V+not + as/so+adj/adv+As+S2+V+O
• S1+V+Less+Long adj/adv
• She is not as tall as her mother
• He drives less carelessly than she does
• So sánh hơn (comparative)
• S1+V+short adj-er+than+S2+V+O
• short adv-er
• Ex: He is taller than me
• He types faster than me
• S1+V+More+Long+adj/adv+than+S2+V+O
• I drive more carefully than him
• So sánh nhất: superlative
• S+V+ the short adj-est+in/of+noun phrase
• the most Long adj
 • Ex: He is the fastest worker in my company
• Tom is the most careless driver that I’ve ever known
Irregular adjective
• Good/well better best
• Bad/badly worse worst
• Many/much more most
• Little less least
• Old older/elder oldest/eldest
• Far farther/further
farthest/furthest
• So sánh kép
• The+short adj/adv-er +S+V, The+ short adj/adv-er+S +V
• The+more long adj/adv+S+V, The more long adj/adv +S+V
• The warmer the weather is, the better I feel
• The earlier we leave, the sooner we arrive