MAC - 102 SHREY AGRAWAL 4

Assignmert -3 20117117,ECE

1. anti = (nt 1)*- a,,,n 1

= (1+ 1)²- 1 : 3
= (? + 1)* - J = 6
y = (3+ 1) - 1= 10
* (4 + l) - 1 15

a- (5t 1)- 1 = 21

The first six terms are 1, 3,6, 10, 15, 21

term is the sLun of first inatural
Here, it can be observed that the th
numbers.

n(nt1)
2

use the princple of mathematical induction.

Poof: we
1 (1+ L)
For n# 1, a,

= 1, holds

that the result hold for n=k.

<et
k(k+1)
2

n=kt ,
Now, checking for
we bave
(k+1).

- (k+ 1)- klk+)

2

)
= (kt 1 )(kt1)t 1)
2

nktL, satt sted.

.¬D.
 2
4an-1 4an- n2

For nsi, an 2(1-) »Sati sfied

Ket that the eSult hold
holol for
for nl,2,3,..., k
°i 2(1) for ir , 2, 3,. ,k
(et us take the case of n ktl
We have,
kL4a- 4
4a-i k-1
(fom 0)

- 4.2* (2-k - 3-k)

=2*(1- k)

> The esult holds for n = kt 1

By the strong form of mathematical induction.

an 2 1 - ) n1
L5
3. Let S= 1 + 3 + Zt + 31
L6 64 256

3
16
+7
64
15
256

5ubtra cting above eq uation S,

3S 1+ 2+
l6
L t 8 8 16
64 256

t 1
16

1- 1

S
 4. (3

(a) for n:l, we have

RHS ta1

n 1.
. The nesult holds for
<et that the nes ult holds for n =k.

For n= ktl,
t fkt
<HS = f t fet... + fk
fka - 1 ) + (from o)

relation )
Fibonacci Recurnence
Ftkra -1 (Using
-1

where n kt 1
fat-1
mathenatical nduction,
By the principle of
- 1 V n1.

gcd (fafa )
(b) For nl, gcd (f fnt) gcd (1,1)
holds.

(et that the result hold for n =k

’ n, n t such that

the recurnence re lation )

7nlf-fk)tn = 1
(Using

.m,n-m

’ gcd (fk*ktz) 1
, The reSult holds for
he principle of mathemattal induc tion makes the resu lt hold o
 Method of generatng turctons.
<et +

*g(*)=

Subtrocting Oand fom O,

(1- e-e a(2) 1+ (1 -1) t 0t ot ... .

isthe generating function.

1- - ?

coefficient of a-t n the epansion f gce).

t is simply the
We have, g() =
1 (Upon foctorizing)
(1-()e)(' (1)e)
A
B

1 -
(
A
Corp aring we get

6(
n-1

(1+ 5) -(1- 5)"

5. (a) f(r)= (2- 3 )

= 4- 12 t 9
Cs 4, - 12,9, O, O, 0, ...
Seq,uence
(6) foa) x
(1+ 3a)
= 1 -2 (3*) + (-2)(-2D (3z) + (-2)(-2-)(-2-2) (3x)' +
2| 3!
1-G t 27-j8
Sequernce (s 1, -6, 27,- lo8
where a, (nt)(- 3)", n 0 intuitively.
6. (a) CharacteYis-te euation (S
2

’ 2 -2, 3
.'. an C, (-2) t C (3)"

a, 3 > 32C1 + 3C

(b) characteristic eaua tion:

- 6 + 9 =o

. .an = C(3)" C,n (3)

a =-5 => -5 C
3 = 3c) t 3C
= C1 E - 5, C, 6
an : -5.3^ + 6n.3,no

(c) we have t8 t 1 = o

. an= C(-4+ V15) + Co (-4-V15 )"

a, = L ’ 1 c, (-4+ Nts ) + ca (-4-is)

215
.an (-4+15) ( - 4- +5 )"
2 15 2W15

(d) FoY an (H)

a,CH)= (4)n

Also, a, (P) C(6)

’ G(8)" = 4C (8)** t (8)
’c9 2
(H) (P)

a, = 1 1 = C t 2 > C 1
an 4"t2.8", n 0
 (e) characteristt eG,uation : (6
2+2-15 0
> = 5,3

a,(P Cz.24
'.The pa rtiular solution sati'sties the relotion,
C3-24 = 2Cz.24 t 15c3 24 t 24
C3 -1
12
(e)
an
(H) (P)

= c,-5)" + c,.3 - 2
Q,= 1 1 = C t C -?

= -1 ’ -1= -5C, + 3c, -?

= (-5) + 2.3" - 2 , n o

(f) Characteristt e ua tion :

2 - 2 - 3 =o
’ =-1,3
(H) = c, (- 1) + C, (3)
(P) = C2. (5)
an
we bave,

C3 (5) Rcz(5)-!+ 3c,(5) -2 + 5

12
(P)
(H) an
+ 25 (s)
12

- 2 =
12

’ 1 -C1 +
125
- 27
24 8

- 17(- 1)^ - 2 3+ 25. (5)

12 8
24

17 (-1 )nt 1 -31

24 8 12
 (7
’+2 t 2 0
> = -2t4- 8
1t

a, 1 >1= C,t Cz

and c
we cannot compave the real and imaginay parts ot Oos <1
ay o may not be veal.
3 (i- 1)c,- (i+ 1) c,

Cln 2
2

)
2

cos 3i0 + 4sinSr)

4

Alternatively,
an c, (-1 t)" +C,(-I-)^
-i's in

from O, C,t C, 1
Frorm , (c1 - C,) = 3+ 1 = 4

(h) characteristic eauation:

2 2
 (P) (8
xn'+pn : 5(* (n-)'* p(n-t) +)- 2(* tn-2)'* Bln-z)+*) +3n
Coefficient of n': = 5x - 2 t 3

Coefficient of n +53 + 8 x -28

Constant ter m:

2
3n-3

=0 0 C, t Co3
W17
a, = 3 > 3 c1(st 1z )+ e2(5-)
2
--3
’ 18 : (5+ Ni7 ) c, t (6-Vi7 )C

2
3n-3
2

(i) chaacteristic equation :

(H) = c,(4)"
an
an (P)= c, («ntp)(2)
cq (antp)(2)" = 4e, («(n -1)t)(2) + 3nl2)
’ «c, ntpa 2C, &n t - 2C2 + 3n
--6 (<z 's cleary ed urdant)
(P)
- (- 3n - 6)(2)^
(-3n-6)(2)"
C,4"-3(nt2) 2"

= 10. 4" - 3(nt 2) 2" , n 0

n Owners, each nunbered
7. Let thee be n clemets and their espe ctive
that o owner gets itS own element
1,2, 3, Derangeet implies it get elemest i
owner k. Let that
Consider ca random
There e n-1 Ways in which the owner k getsa deranged elenent.
Case I : Owner gets the elenent nunbered k
The problem simplifies toto n-2 Owners and n-2 elements.
 (9
element nunbered k.
Case T OwneY i does not get
n-1 elements
to n-l owners cnd
^gain, problem Simplifies

D, (n - 1)(Dn-2 + Dn-) n 3, D, =1,DË0

nd the number of egions into which
O. Aet that there exLst n-1 lines
divde the plane be Cni
when a line 's added in the above setup, it cuts each line in l point and
thus divides the region between the line and plane into 2 parts.This
ave now Go- t (n-). Additionaly, 2 eg ions wwhich
inplie the regions
correspond to the newly added ine aYe also formed, i of whih is obready
taken into aCc Ount
Ch Co-1 t(n-1)+ (2- 1)
. . Co Ch-1 t n

A
4. (a)
Pegs
Tnitial position 1,?
Move L 1

1 2
Move 2

1,2
Move 3

Total 3 moves ae
rea uired.
A
(b) Pegs
Initial position 1,2,3, -, n

n- moves

Move ani 1 move

Move an-t
h mo ves

Move dn 1,2, . .,n

 lo
Let -that On- moves aYe reaired to move n-1 disks to peg B.

ter this, the nth d 'sk is moved to

to peg- c
Again,qs weweealier.
have n-l sks and they are to be moved
Ths takes a. addtional moves.
in a similar

n an + l, n 2 , a, 1

(c) let f(*) a, + a,+ ag et*.

2a, + 2a,
t (ag -2a2 ) t
(1- 2 7e f(* )= a, + (a,- 2 )

fie)= (1-2) (1-*)

B
A_
1-2
’A=2, B= -1

1-
i- 22c

Coefficient of t in f(«)
- 2(2)"- 1

- 2- 1 ,n1

10. (a) Let f()=

>(1-22)fte) = ao t (a1- 24,) t (a,- 2a,) t . .

(o, =1, a, -29n-10, ny1)
1-22
= 1 + (2)t (2c)*..

an Coeffiuient of e^ is fe)

54, + Sa, +
-6cf*)= 6a,
 11

(1- 5e + 6') f(*) = -3 + (-2-53))* ’ o* (Usig

aive
13* - 3 Conditions

A 8
2-1
32 - 1

>A - 4, B= 7

fe«)=4 (-7)
1 -3 1-2C
.)
*)t...)7(1+ 2% + (2)+
-41t 3e t (3

an = 4 (3)° -7(2)

(44 -a,) +
(1-)f(*) = a, + (a - ) t
(Usirg given conditions)
=5 + 2 +2 t . . .
>(1-fx)
1+ (2) + (2)*+
1
’ (1- )f(*) = 4t 1- 2
= 4
(L-) (1- 2c )
1
2
1 1-2

1-2 i-22

= 3 + 2.2"
1
:3+ 2 " , n 0

(d) ket the generating function be defined Qs:

2*fc«) 2a, +24,'+ 2ag'4

t a, +
-2efla)= -2a,+

(1- 2* - t 2e°)f(*) % t (a,- 2a,) t (a,- 24, - 4,) + 0 t Ot...

= 1 + (3-2) e + ( 6- 2(3) - 1)

1 +2 -
 1+ -
1- 2c- +223
2
1+ -
(1-)(- 22-+ 1)

1 + 2

2(1-*)( 1t)(-)
2
1+ ¢
(1-) (1 + ) (1- 2 )

A +
B +
1- 2
(say)
1

(1-?)
A(1--22)+ 6(1- 3 + 2 ) t C
(1-z) ( 1 t )(1 -2c)

= (A+Btc)- (A+ 38)-(2A - 28tc)

(1-*) (Lt )(l-2)
.A+Btc =1
A+ 3B =-1

2A -28+C = 1

6
1 +
6(1+) 3 (1-2)
2(1-*)

L(-1)" t 5 (2)", nz0

6