Rizal Technological University
College of Business, Entrepreneurship, and
Accountancy
Tuesday & Friday 4:30 PM-6:00 PM
Module No. : 2
Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the
learners
are about to:
● Discuss how the Spaniards colonized
the Philippines
● Know how the Philippine
Archipelago was discovered and
● Know what happened after the battle
of Mactan
Topic: Colonization of the
Philippines
It all began when the two mighty nations
Portugal and Spain had a fierce rivalry in
enlarging their empires and seeking out
spices as one of the most expensive
commodities that is comparable to gold.
Portugal and Spain are both Catholic
nations, thus Pope Alexander VI of the
Vatican intervened to defuse the situation
and prevent further hostilities.
Who is Ferdinand Magellan?
In the year 1480, Ferdinand Magellan was
born in Portugal. Both His parents belonged
to the nobility. After his parents passed
away, he concluded his education in
mapping, astronomy, and celestial
navigation while studying in Lisbon.
Reading in the Philippine History: Colonization of the Philippines
He traveled to East Africa with the
Portuguese navy in 1505. They battled and
sank an Egyptian ship in the Arabian Sea
four years after he had first hand combat
experience. He explored and conquered
Malacca two years after the Battle, when he
also obtained Enrique, a native servant. He
suffered a leg wound in battle with the
moors in Morocco in 1513, which left him
with a limp for the rest of his life. Following
the incident, Magellan was charged with
illicit trade with the moors, which led to the
King's order forbidding him from being
hired in Portugal.
Discovery of the Philippine Archipelago
A Venetian scholar and traveler named
Antonio Pigafetta requested to join
Ferdinand Magellan's expedition on August
10, 1519, taking the position of
"supernumerary" and a meager stipend. He
became Magellan's obedient assistant and
wrote thorough journals. Only Francisco
Albo, who maintained a proper notebook,
would have reported the voyage to land.
Juan de Cartagena was appointed the
expedition's Inspector General, in charge of
overseeing its commercial and financial
affairs. On March 17, 1521. Magellan and
his crew made their first contact with people
on Homonhon Island, which ultimately
joined the Philippine archipelago.
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Who is Rajah Humabon?
Rajah Humabon was mentioned in Antonio
Pigafetta's notebook. He was revered as the
most intelligent and courageous person on
the island of Sugbo (Cebu). He was their
Supreme Ruler and oversaw eight chiefs of
barangays. The ship of Ferdinand Magellan
made landfall close to the royal house (close
to the Sugbo coast). Face-to-face discussions
between the leaders took place.
Who is Lapu
Lapu?
Lapu-Lapu was
said to have been
born in 1491, but
the body can
actually tell the
exact date.
He was a resident of Mactan and later rose
to the position of Chief. As a leader, he
aided his people in gaining their
independence and led them in battle against
invaders. Lapu- Pas Cali Pulaco, a poet from
the 17th century, was actually Cilapulapu in
Antonio Pigafetta's account.
What Happened After the Battle of
Mactan?
After the Battle of April 28, 1521, in which
the native ruler Lapo Lapu beat Magellan in
Mactan, Rajah Humabon lost faith in the
Spaniard and changed into a punisher,
becoming the first Filipino to avenge the
honor of women. To avenge the rape of their
women throughout the duration of the
Europeans' presence, he hatched a plot to
Reading in the Philippine History: Colonization of the Philippines
kill every Spaniard who was still on the
island. Through the assistance of Enrique,
who held a personal vengeance towards
Barbosa for the callous manner he was
treated, the Rajah invited the Spaniards to a
feast. Despite having some misgivings and
fear at the moment, the new fleet
commanders Juan Serrano and Duane
Barbosa attended to the invitation along with
a few other Spaniards. Rajah Humabon gave
the signal, and as soon as his men arrived at
the feast site, they assaulted Serrano,
Barbosa, and their men with bolo weapons
and spears. Except for Serrano, who
survived despite being gravely wounded and
making it to the coast on foot, all of the
other Spaniards were slain. The crow of
their ships spotted him in the distance, but
sadly they were too terrified to save him and
chose to leave Serrano to perish.
To replace the two deceased leaders, they
once more chose another captain for their
ships. The Trinidad, Concepcion, and
Victoria had a problem because they were
short on crew for their main ships. As a
result, they decided to abandon and burn the
Concepcion, a smaller ship, and divide the
crew between them and the Trinidad, which
was commanded by Gonzalo Gemer de
Espinosa, and the Victoria, which was
commanded by Juan Selution El Cano. They
entered the Port of San Lacar de Barrameda
after circumnavigating the Cape of Good
Hope. The first ship to circumnavigate the
globe, the Victoria, arrived in Seville, Spain,
on September 7, 1522. Captain Juan
Sebastian Elcano received a lifetime annual
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pension from King Charles I of Spain as
well as a coat of arms with a globe and the Checked by:
Latin motto Primus Circumdedisti me, Jego Alfonso M. Juanillo
which means "You went around me first." Subject Instructor

“The Battle of Mactan”

REFERENCES

Palado, Darwin R. The Reading in

Philippine History. Blk, 26 Lot 9
Sampaguita Street, Doña Rosario Bayview
Subdivision, Sucat, Muntinlupa City.

https://images.app.goo.gl/
rfXGEqENdCNh1Gm49
https://images.app.goo.gl/
ndiHJeHSXyC4KrDN7
https://pin.it/28Be3Pg
https://pin.it/5mmPqEC

Prepared by:
Echon, Aliyah Avril
Lee, Caila
Aparri, Mawi
Penunia, Edreyan
Sajol, Randy
Reading in the Philippine History: Colonization of the Philippines Page 3 of 9
 Rizal Technological University
College of Business, Entrepreneurship, and
Accountancy
Tuesday & Friday 4:30 PM-6:00 PM
Module No. : 2
Objectives: At the end of the lesson, the
learners
are about to:
● Highlight the policies of the Spain in
the colony to control the people in
the archipelago of the Philippines
● Understand the Spanish Government
Structure in the Philippines and
● Give importance to the Spanish
Government that promote education
in the Philippines
Topic: Spanish
“The Spanish Era in the Philippines”
Reading in the Philippine History: Colonization of the Philippines
The Philippine Archipelago was moved by a
number of Spanish voyages after the
Magellan expedition, according to Antonio
Pigafetta's chronicles.
The five expeditions sent were:
1. Fray Garcia Jofre de Louisa (1525)
2. Sebastian Cabot (1526)
3. Alvaro de Saavedra (1527)
4. Ruy Lopez de Villalobos (1542)
5. Miguel Lopez de Legazpi (1564)
The Legazpi voyage, one of the expeditions
sent, was the most fruitful because it led to
Andres de Urdaneta's discovery of the
tornaviaje, or return voyage to Mexico
across the Pacific. This finding marked the
beginning of the two and a half-century-long
Manila galleon trade. The islands of Leyte
and Samar, however, were given the name
Las Islas Filipinas by Villalobos in honor of
Philip II of Spain.
What is Galleon Trade?
From 1565 to 1815, the Spanish government
controlled the trade using a galleon ship
with a route from Acapulco, Mexico, to
Manila, Philippines. who wanted to conduct
business in any Spanish colony had to use
Page 4 of 9
the galleon ship to transport their goods. The
Spanish took taxes from the goods at the
same time as the transport fee for the galleon
ship, and these trades, which lasted for
almost 250 years, were known in Spain as
"La Nao dela China '' (Most of the Cargoes
were from China through Manila).
Establishment of Spanish Government in
the Philippines
The Philippines were governed by Spain for
333 years, from 1521 until 1898. The
Spanish Governor-General's residence,
Manila, became their administrative hub As
the location of their government, it was
known as Intramuros (the Walled City). The
aforementioned wall was constructed by the
Spanish in the late 16th century to defend
the city from outside invasion. The name of
the governing system they introduced to the
early Filipinos was "Encomienda."
Encomienda is derived from the verb
"encomendar," which means "to entrust."
Spain developed this kind of administration
in order to regulate local colony residents'
behavior. Encomienderos, also referred to as
Adelanto, were the people responsible for
carrying out the Encomienda. The
Adelanto's were Spanish nobleman who
served their king in the 15th, 16th, and 17th
centuries. This gave them the authority to
serve as Governors and Justices in various
territories.
The encomenderos were required by law to
perform the following duties:
1. To give protection to the natives
2. To help the missionaries convert the
natives to Christianity
Reading in the Philippine History: Colonization of the Philippines
3. To promote education
Spain Policies in the Colony
When Spain made the Philippine
archipelago an official colony, they
implemented various laws to govern the
local populace.
In 1503, a Caribbean island implemented a
reduction approach by constructing towns
and forcing families to relocate.
Spanish authorities monitored activity,
sending reinforcements annually. Early
pueblos featured public parks, churches, and
public buildings, with repartimiento, a
forced labor system.
The Six Catholic Congregations Who
Came here in the Philippines
● Augustinians
● Franciscans
● Jesuits
● Dominicans
● The Recollects
● Benedictines
Spanish Government Structure in the
Philippines
Many changes occurred in the lives of our
early Filipinos when Spain invaded the
Philippine archipelago and ruled it for 333
years. They did away with the semi-
monarchical way of life and civilization and
replaced it with their own kind of
government. The Philippines lost their
independence and freedom at that point. A
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centralized government was set up to rule
the nation.

National Government
Spain established a Central Government that
was located in Intramuros Manila. The King
of Spain was the central ruler. The King
designated his alter ego-the Viceroy to
Medico which was also under Spain. Its
function is to supervise all the colonies of
Spain with the Council of Indies.
Illustration 2

Illustration 3

The Governor was the highest-ranking

Illustration 1 official in the colony appointed by the King
of Spain and served as the King's alter ego.
From 1565 to 1896, there were 115 Spanish
Governor Generals in the Philippines, with
Miguel Lopez de Legazpi being the first and
Dirgo de los Reyes the last. The Governor
General's performance was investigated by
The Residencia, and The Visita was led by
a Visitador General from the Council of
Indies in Spain. The Royal Audiencia was
the highest court of justice in the colony,
Reading in the Philippine History: Colonization of the Philippines Page 6 of 9
securing the people from abusive Spanish Invasions Attempts During Spanish Time
officials. The Alacadias (Provincial in the Philippines
Government) was headed by the Alcalde
Mayor, who received salary and privileges Chinese Invasion through Limahong (The
in controlling business and tax collection. Chinese Pirate)
The Carregamentos (Uncontrolled - Martin De Goiti, the city of Manila's
Provinces) were headed by designated founder, was murdered by
Army Officers, while The Apuntamiento Limahong's raid on Manila on
(City Government) was headed by an November 29, 1574. In 1565, Goiti
Alcalde. The Municipal or Pueblo de collaborated with Juan de Salcedo
Indios was led by the Gobernadorcillo, the and Miguel Lopez de Legazpi in
highest political position for Filipinos. To their conquest of the Philippines.
become a candidate for Gobernadorcillo, Limahon made an attempt to invade
one must be a Cabeza de Barangay and elect Paranaque as well, but Don Galo
the top three to be part of a list submitted to stopped him, and with Juan de
the Governor General or Alcalde Mayor. Salcedo's assistance, Limahong was
beaten and forced to withdraw to
Pangasinan.

Dutch Invasion

Several naval
battles took place
in the Philippine
waters in 1646
between the
Spanish fleet and
The Educational Decree of 1863 reforms the
the Dutch Naval
Philippine educational system, focusing on
Squadron, who
religion and vocational skills for the
attacked and
children. This led to the establishment of
attempted to
primary schools for boys and girls, with
invade the Philippines. The Our Lady of La
three grades and a curriculum covering
Naval de Manila, venerated on April 9, was
Christian doctrine, values, history, and
credited by the Spanish and some Filipinos
Spanish language. The decree also
for helping them defeat the Dutch. 1652.
established a normal school for male
The Battle of La Naval de Manila was the
teachers in Manila, while normal schools for
name given to the incident.
women teachers were not established until
1875 in Nueva Caceres.

Reading in the Philippine History: Colonization of the Philippines Page 7 of 9

The Philippine Navy is presently protected over to Spain. Spain didn't turn over any
by the image of Our Lady of La Naval. discoveries in the cut, so Portugal attempted
to invade the Philippines as a result of
British Invasion Spain's breach of the treaty when Spain
It was known as "The Seven Years War" colonized the Philippines, because it was
between England and France during the allegedly a Portuguese territory. The
British Invasion. King Charles I of Spain Philippines are located in Southeast Asia.
felt threatened when France came
dangerously close to losing the REFERENCES
aforementioned war with England. England Palado, Darwin R. The Reading in
(Britain), on January 4, 1762, formally Philippine History. Blk, 26 Lot 9
declared war on Spain. The following day, Sampaguita Street, Doña Rosario Bayview
January 18, that same year, Spain also Subdivision, Sucat, Muntinlupa City.
declared war on Britain. On August 15,
1761, the King of Spain and the King of https://pin.it/ICl3vYJ
France signed the Family Compact, a cease- https://pin.it/3fhOwCy
fire agreement against their competitor https://images.app.goo.gl/
Britain. The expedition was directed by 2cNHRpinp8pEgRwE9
Brigadier General William Draper and Rear https://pin.it/35QSQCv
Admiral Samuel Cornish, and it entered
Manila Bay from Madras on September 24,
1762, and took Manila. British rule existed
in the Philippines. For a total of twenty (20) Prepared by:
months between 1762 and 1764, the Echon, Aliyah Avril
Philippines was ruled by the British. A Lee, Caila
peace negotiation took place between three Aparri, Mawi
Spains. The war was ended by France and Penunia, Edreyan
Britain signing a peace treaty. In the first Sajol, Randy
week of April 1764, after Manila had been
properly returned to Spain once more, the Checked by:
British forces departed from Manila and the Jego Alfonso M. Juanillo
Cavite region. Subject Instructor

Portuguese Invasion
The Papal Bull, which stated that Spain
would sail westward and Portugal would go
eastward, stated that all discoveries in the
cut must be turned over to Portugal, while
all discoveries in the west must be turned

Reading in the Philippine History: Colonization of the Philippines Page 8 of 9

 D. 1523
2. Entrada : Entrance :: Encomendar :
A. To order
B. To collect
QUIZ C. To govern
D. To entrust
IDENTIFICATION: Identify what is being
asked.
MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE: Write the
1. The first supreme ruler that was baptized for
correct letter of your answer.
Christianity.
A. If the first statement is TRUE, and the second
2. A governance structure where the King of
statement is FALSE
Spain is the central ruler and the one who
B. If the first statement is FALSE, and the
designated his alter ego to rule the Philippines.
second statement is TRUE
C. If both statements are TRUE
MULTIPLE CHOICE: Write the correct
D. If both statements are FALSE
letter of your answer.
1. The three ships did not arrived due to lack of
1. The island of the Philippines is the final
crews, EXCEPT:
destination of Magellan.
A. Trinidad
Lapu-Lapu is known to be the one who defeated
B. Concepcion
Magellan.
C. Santiago
2. Reduccion is made by Caribbean Island where
D. Victoria
they force families to relocate in the town they
2. It was headed by the one who received salary
created.
and privileges in controlling the flow of business
England was the first who declared a war on
in his area.
Spain, and after 13 days, Spain also declared a
A. Governor General
war on Britain.
B. Alcalde Mayor
3. Antonio Pigafetta is the assistant of Magellan
C. Visitador General
and wrote an accurate journal.
D. Aguacil Mayor
The discovery of tornaviaje made the Legazpi
3. They are the third Catholic Congregation who
voyage as the most successful expedition.
came here in the Philippines from the province
of Mexico.
A. Jesuits
B. Franciscans
C. Dominicans
D. Benedictines

ANALOGY: Write the correct letter of your

answer.
1. Mexico : 1821 :: Mactan : ___
A. 1520
B. 1521
C. 1522
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