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  • Intro Medical Mycology Part 4

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    pammcakeghz
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    The cell walls of fungi are primarily composed of carbohydrates like chitin, cellulose, β-glucan, α-glucan, and mannan. Proteins and glycoproteins make up around 10% of the cell wall. The predominant polysaccharides vary between fungal classes, with zygomycetes containing chitin and chitosan, ascomycetous yeasts containing β-glucans and mannans, and basidiomycetous yeasts containing chitin and mannans. The cell wall governs fungal pathogenicity and promotes colonization, invasion, evasion of host defenses, and subversion of host defenses through surface ligands, receptors and other components

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    Introduction to Mycology

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    The cell walls of fungi are primarily composed of carbohydrates like chitin, cellulose, β-glucan, α-glucan, and mannan. Proteins and glycoproteins make up around 10% of the cell wall. The predominant polysaccharides vary between fungal classes, with zygomycetes containing chitin and chitosan, ascomycetous yeasts containing β-glucans and mannans, and basidiomycetous yeasts containing chitin and mannans. The cell wall governs fungal pathogenicity and promotes colonization, invasion, evasion of host defenses, and subversion of host defenses through surface ligands, receptors and other components

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    8 views1 page

    Intro Medical Mycology Part 4

    Uploaded by

    pammcakeghz
    The cell walls of fungi are primarily composed of carbohydrates like chitin, cellulose, β-glucan, α-glucan, and mannan. Proteins and glycoproteins make up around 10% of the cell wall. The predominant polysaccharides vary between fungal classes, with zygomycetes containing chitin and chitosan, ascomycetous yeasts containing β-glucans and mannans, and basidiomycetous yeasts containing chitin and mannans. The cell wall governs fungal pathogenicity and promotes colonization, invasion, evasion of host defenses, and subversion of host defenses through surface ligands, receptors and other components

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    carbs most abundant CELL WALL COMPOSITION

    80% or more is CHO; chitin, chitosan, cellulose, ß-glucan, α -glucan & mannan ▪️ 10% of fungal cw consists of proteins & glycoproteins.
    Distribution Of Major Cell Wall Polysaccharides These CHONs include: proteins
    Fungus Predominant CW Polysaccharides 1. Enzymes involved in wall growth
    2. Extracellular enzymes
    1. Lower aquatic fungi Cellulose Cell
    hyphal walls yeast
    > w.

    2. Class Zygomycetes Chitin, chitosan Chi Chi 3. Structural CHONs


    ,

    3. Ascomycetous yeasts B-glucans, mannans B ma ,


    ▪️ CW CHONs have large amts of sulfur- containing amino acids & disulfide bonds w/c
    4. Basidiomycetous yeasts Chitin, mannans chi ma are more prevalent in hyphal walls than in yeast walls
    ,

    5. Fungi with septate hyphae Chitin, B-glucans Chi B


    ▪️ Reduction of disulfide bonds is assoc w/ transformation from mycelial to yeast form
    ,

    Medical Importance of Fungous CW Staining Properties


    ▪️ CW governs fungous pathogenicity –possess components that mediate attachment ▪️ Staining for histopathologic examinations; specimen: tissue or fluids
    to host cells including phagocytes, epithelial cells, & endothelial cells ▪️ Poorly stained w/ hematoxylin & eosin but;
    ▪️ Cell surface ligands, receptors & other components promote: ▪️ Stains well w/ Periodic Acid – Schiff (PAS) & methenamine silver – true wall stains,
    1. Colonization since internal contents & capsular material are not stained
    2. Invasion ▪️ Calcofluor white: highly sensitive for fluorescence microscopy
    3. Evasion – binds cellulose & chitin
    4. Subversion of host defenses ▪️ Gram stain – not applied but useful for Candida smears
    ▪️ Fungous cw are potent antigens – humans & animals develop immune responses to
    number of wall determinants (some are specific oligosaccharides)
    ▪️ Many mammalian tissues lack enzymes that degrade many cw polysaccharides, as a
    result, fungal walls are cleared very slowly; therefore, retention contribute to fungal
    pathogenicity
    3.Cell Membrane
    ▪️ Bilayered membrane similar in structure & composition to eukaryotes
    ▪️ Contain sterols (important in its viability); ERGOSTEROL & ZYMOSTEROL
    ▪️ Amphotericin B (major antifungal antibiotic) has greater affinity for ergosterol than cholesterol
    ▪️ Triazole & imidazole antifungals interfere w/ synthesis of ergosterol;
    block cytochrome P- 450-dependent 14 α-demethylation of LANOSTEROL (precursor of ergosterol & cholesterol)

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