Math in our World

Assoc. Prof. Ninia Calaca

Department of Mathematics and Physics
University of Santo Tomas
What is Mathematics for you?
Express your idea of maths in
symbols and figures ☺

2
 Mathematics is a
study of patterns and relationships.
Given

+ =
+ =
Do you a think a child can give the answer here?
+ = ________
Mathematics is a

study of patterns and relationships.

+ = Any relationship
about the parts
and the whole?
parts whole

?
- =
 Mathematics is a
study of patterns and relationships.

What is its area?

Suppose I double each side, what effect

has on its area?
Mathematics is a
way of thinking.

It provides strategies to organize,

analyze, and synthesize data.
Mathematics is a

way of thinking.
 Mathematics is a
way of thinking.
1 = 1
1 + 2=3
1 + 2+3=6
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 10

Okay, what if I want to add 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + ... + 100 ?

Is there any formula for this?
Mathematics is an art,
characterized by order and consistency.

To make green paint, a painter

mixes yellow paint and blue paint
in the ratio of three to two. If he
used 24 gallons of yellow paint,
how much blue paint did he use?
Mathematics is an art,
characterized by order and consistency.
Mathematics is

a language.
Mathematics is a language.
Some math terms

Absolute value Logarithm

Intercept Axis of Symmetry
Polynomial Proportion
Reciprocal Tangent
Mathematics is a language.
These symbols these terms
> = < and Absolute value
Intercept
Logarithm
Axis of symmetry

+ -    Polynomial
Reciprocal
Proportion
Tangent

help us communicate.
Mathematics is

medicine
a tool. . . beyond the engineering
grocery store
photography
social science
architecture
. . . because it helps us solve
finance
both abstract and
natural science
practical problems.
 Mathematics is a tool. . . beyond the grocery store
. . . because it helps us solve
both abstract and practical problems.
Mathematics Science
Earth science and Concept of computation, measurements and having Concept of:
environmental science different formulas for concepts of science. Rotation
Revolution
Tsunamis
Typhoon
Earthquake
Biology Computation for conversion and statistics Population

Chemistry Conversion and measurements Temperature

Periodic table
Measurements
Physics Mathematical operations and conversions Distance
Displacement
Mathematics is a tool.

How to obtain a panorama?

Panorama is a wide view of a physical space.

1. By “rotating line camera”

2. Stitching together multiple images
Your camera can do it this way…
E.g. PhotoStitch (Canon PowerShot SD600)
Mathematics is a tool.
Output: Panorama (PhotoStitch)

Output: Panorama (by a more careful mathematical algorithm)

Experiment done by Rebecca Szarkowski

Math is everywhere!

• Patterns and Numbers in Nature and the World

• The Fibonacci Sequence
• Natural and Geometric patterns
Mathematics in our World
Core Idea: Mathematics is a useful way to think about nature and
our world.

1. Patterns and Numbers in Nature and the World

2. The Fibonacci Sequence
3. Mathematics helps organize patterns and regularities in the
world.
4. Mathematics helps predict the behaviour of nature and
phenomena in the world.
5. Mathematics helps control nature and occurrences in the world
for our own ends.
6. Mathematics has numerous applications in the world making it
indispensable.
 Watch Video
Mathematics is the queen of Sciences
 What is mathematics?

Formal system of thought for recognizing, classifying, and

exploiting patterns

The origins of counting

Geometric patterns

Wave patterns in water and on land

Patterns of movement

Fractals
 Where is mathematics?
We see hints or clues of it …

In nature

In our daily routine

In our world

In people and communities

In events
 What is mathematics for?
To help us unravel the puzzles of nature, a useful way to think
about nature

Organize patterns

To be able to predict

To help us control weather, epidemics

Provides tools for calculations

Provides new questions to think about

 What is mathematics about?
Numbers, symbols, notations

Operations, equations, and functions

Processes and “thingification” of processes

Proof – a story rather than a sequence of

statements
 How is mathematics done?
With curiosity

With a penchant for seeking patterns and generalities

With a desire to know the truth

With trial and error

Without fear of facing more questions and problems to

solve

With tenacity
 Who uses mathematics?
Mathematicians: pure and applied

Scientists: natural and social

Practically everyone

…but different people use different math at

different times, for different purposes, using
different tools with different attitudes
 Why is mathematics important to know?
It puts order in disorder

It helps us become better persons

It helps the world a better place to live in

What is mathematics?
The Natural Order
Nature’s Numbers by Ian Stewart
Universe of Patterns

Earth rotates

https://www.google.com/search?q=universe+of+patterns+image&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-
b&gfe_rd=cr&dcr=0&ei=nopAWt-KEsSI8AWhvbjADg
https://www.google.com/search?q=seasons+cycle+image&client=firefox-b&dcr=0&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=F-
PZkMrW4zXmkM%253A%252CeYOa5w1wCNXnwM%252C_&usg=__lOwVt5Fum-
n30PPvEm9YiEgx3p0%3D&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjUlcHmtaTYAhUKvbwKHSzFCagQ9QEILTAD&biw=939&bih=412#imgrc
=F-PZkMrW4zXmkM:
 Tiny identical units together
https://www.google.com/search?q=snowflakes+image&client=firefox-
b&dcr=0&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=WzOJxrXMMNBW6M%253A%252CFI6wKOr73v6RoM%252C_&usg=__ERFONKvQMWPCj5W
hBWbugRnnrpk%3D&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiBl6HStqTYAhXBy7wKHTfQAIYQ9QEIOTAJ#imgrc=WzOJxrXMMNBW6M:
 Mathematical regularities in biological
growth and form
https://www.google.com/search?q=snowflakes+image&client=firefox-
b&dcr=0&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=WzOJxrXMMNBW6M%253A%252CFI6wKOr73v6RoM%252C_&usg=__ERFONKvQMWPCj5W
hBWbugRnnrpk%3D&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiBl6HStqTYAhXBy7wKHTfQAIYQ9QEIOTAJ#imgrc=WzOJxrXMMNBW6M:
 Mathematical regularities in biological
growth and form
https://www.google.com/search?q=leopards+and+hyenas+image&client=firefox-
b&dcr=0&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=MCmNQ0GwY8ieEM%253A%252CuCJG64sZR_czJM%252C_&usg=__GLNkOGPgLawTt
YoU0t3OvRU9z4E%3D&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjxsd_Kt6TYAhUMT7wKHVQcB6YQ9QEIMTAF#imgrc=fejOwUgOO9bB8M:
 Rules that
govern the flow
of water

https://www.google.com/search?q=INTRICATE+TRAINS
+OF+WAVES+ACROSS+THE+OCEAN+image&client=firef
ox-
b&dcr=0&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=M6q1ok4F
p1VuWM%253A%252Cxavgg8fRxFUnrM%252C_&usg=
__qHhowu4rq2aTj0UfEYDUBY7clBo%3D&sa=X&ved=0
ahUKEwjElviiuaTYAhXLS7wKHQXOD6YQ9QEIRTAP#imgr
c=00T5hT9uEwUHqM:
 Rules that govern
the flow of sand
and air
https://www.google.com/search?q=INTRICATE+T
RAINS+OF+WAVES+ACROSS+THE+OCEAN+image
&client=firefox-
b&dcr=0&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=M6q1
ok4Fp1VuWM%253A%252Cxavgg8fRxFUnrM%25
2C_&usg=__qHhowu4rq2aTj0UfEYDUBY7clBo%3
D&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjElviiuaTYAhXLS7wKHQXO
D6YQ9QEIRTAP#imgrc=00T5hT9uEwUHqM:
 Scattering of light
https://www.google.com/search?q=rainbow+image&client=firefox-
b&biw=939&bih=412&dcr=0&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=kMHs_LLs5yoo-
M%253A%252C4RyZR4M4_cEHoM%252C_&usg=__5ZLlcV2k3cb38w6MYbc8bpuMeAM%3D&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi-
qJqku6TYAhUIwbwKHfMmDKMQ9QEILTAD#imgdii=hmNzWe-gpW--9M:&imgrc=kMHs_LLs5yoo-M:
https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-
b&biw=939&bih=412&dcr=0&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=0ZNAWuS0K8es8QXnsLXICg&q=spherical+drops+of+water+fall+from+clouds+ima
ge&oq=spherical+drops+of+water+fall+from+clouds+image&gs_l=psy-ab.3...153564.158309.0.159099.12.12.0.0.0.0.953.1264.3-1j6-
1.2.0....0...1c.1.64.psy-ab..10.0.0....0.oKE9Z2ngNTM#imgrc=BEnKsTXxHw7lBM:
Nature’s
patterns are not
just there to be
admired, they
are vital clues to
the rules that
govern natural
processes.
39
Math is everywhere!
41
Math is everywhere!
Highlighted Mathematical Concepts:

- Fibonacci Sequence

- Golden Ratio
5 min break
Fibonacci sequence
Fibonacci sequence
Fibonacci sequence
Fibonacci sequence
Fibonacci sequence

How did the Fibonacci sequence come about?

Leonardo of Pisa aka “Fibonacci”

In 1202, Fibonacci wrote a very famous book “Liber abaci” to
describe mathematics he learned.

If two new be in the

rabbits are pen after
put in a pen, one year?
How many
rabbits will
Fibonacci sequence

Fibonacci asked, “How do rabbits breed?”. He observed…

young pair of rabbits adult pair of rabbits

 “If 2 new born rabbits are put in a pen,
how many rabbits will be in the pen after
one year?”

Assume that rabbits...

... always produce one male and one female offspring
. ... can reproduce once every month.
... can reproduce when they are one month old.
... never die!

Your Task: create an illustration (tree diagram, table, flowchart, etc) on how the
rabbit population expanded over a year.
Fibonacci sequence
Fibonacci asked, “How do rabbits breed?”. He observed…

Month 0 1
 Fibonacci sequence
Fibonacci asked, “How do rabbits breed?”. He observed…

Month 0 1

Month 1 1
Fibonacci sequence
Fibonacci asked, “How do rabbits breed?”. He observed…

Month 0 1

Month 1 1

Month 2 2
Fibonacci sequence
Fibonacci asked, “How do rabbits breed?”. He observed…

Month 0 1

Month 1 1

Month 2 2

Month 3 3
Fibonacci sequence
Fibonacci asked, “How do rabbits breed?”. He observed…

Month 0 1

Month 1 1

Month 2 2

Month 3 3

Month 4 5
Fibonacci sequence
How is the Fibonacci sequence derived?

1. First two terms of the sequence is 1 and 1.

2. Add two consecutive terms to get the next term.

1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 …
Fibonacci sequence

“Fibonacci numbers are said as one of the Nature's numbering systems …”

1 2 3 5

White calla lily Trillium

Euphorbia
Hibiscus
• Akhtaruzzaman, Md. (2011). Geometrical Substantiation of Phi, the Golden Ratio and the Baroque of
Nature, Architecture, Design and Engineering. International Journal of Arts. 1. 10.5923/j.arts.20110101.01
Fibonacci sequence

“Fibonacci numbers are said as one of the Nature's numbering systems …”

8 13 21 34

Bloodroot Black Eyed Susan Shasta Daisy Daisy

• Akhtaruzzaman, Md. (2011). Geometrical Substantiation of Phi, the Golden Ratio and the Baroque of
Nature, Architecture, Design and Engineering. International Journal of Arts. 1. 10.5923/j.arts.20110101.01
 The Fibonacci
sequence in plants

Count the number of branches per generation.

 Pineapple

Fabulous Fibonacci: http://fabulousfibonacci.blogspot.com/

 Cauliflower

Fabulous Fibonacci: http://fabulousfibonacci.blogspot.com/

FIBONACCI ARTWORK
Golden Ratio
 Golden Ratio

CONCEPT: A line is divided into two sections containing a unique property such that the
ratio between the bigger segment and the shorter segment should be equal to the ratio
between the line and its bigger segment
<http://www.scipress.org/journals/forma/toc/1904.html>
𝐵 𝑆+𝐵 1+ 5
= = ≈ 1.61880339887 = 𝜑
𝑆 𝐵 2

S B

Idea: (1) Set the length of a segment to 1.

(2) Solve for the length of the other segment.
(3) Solve for 𝐵/𝑆.
Golden Ratio in the Fibonacci Sequence

Fibonacci Sequence:

1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 …
Golden Ratio in the Fibonacci Sequence

Fibonacci Sequence:

1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 …

Use your calculator and observe:

1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34
1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21
Golden Ratio in the Fibonacci Sequence

Fibonacci Sequence:

1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 …

Use your calculator and observe:

1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34
1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21

⟹ approaches to 𝜑 = 1.618 …
Golden Ratio in Art

"Non mi legga chi non e

matematico.“ – Leonardo
Da Vinci

(“Let no one read me

who is not a
mathematician.”)

“Mona Lisa”
aka “La Gioconda”
* http://monalisa.org/2012/09/12/leonardo-and-mathematics-in-his-paintings/
Golden Ratio in Architecture

Parthenon (in Greece)

* https://www.goldennumber.net/parthenon-phi-golden-ratio/
Golden Ratio in Human Body

• Akhtaruzzaman, Md. (2011).

Geometrical Substantiation of
Phi, the Golden Ratio and the
Baroque of Nature,
Architecture, Design and
Engineering. International
Journal of Arts. 1.
10.5923/j.arts.20110101.01
Golden Ratio in Human Body

Can you measure any pair

of your body parts as
referred to in the photo?

• Akhtaruzzaman, Md. (2011). Geometrical

Substantiation of Phi, the Golden Ratio and the
Baroque of Nature, Architecture, Design and
Engineering. International Journal of Arts. 1.
10.5923/j.arts.20110101.01
Golden Ratio in Nature
34

21
Golden Ratio

NOTE: There are a lot of interpretations on the

manifestation of the Golden Ratio in different
works of art. Many have creative interpretations
but do not really represent the artist’s true intent.
Mind Exercises

The next beautiful pattern might be named after you.

Practice is key!
Try this out!

What should
follow in the
lower right
corner?
Try this out!

What should follow in this pattern?

A. B. C. D.
Try this out!
Select the figure which is the odd one out?
A.

B.

C.

D.

E.
Try this out!

Which of the following figures is the odd one out?

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.
On series and sequence:

• The eighth term in the series 2, 6, 18, 54, ___ is

• What is the 12th term of the sequence -2,-4,-6,...........-

100?

• What is the 11th term of the sequence: m-2n,m-n,m,...?

• What is the 31st term of the sequence: 1, 4, 7, 10,.....?

On series and sequence:

• The eighth term in the series 2, 6, 18, 54, ___ is • 4374

• What is the 12th term of the sequence -2,-4,-6,...........- • -24

100?

• What is the 11th term of the sequence: m-2n,m-n,m,...? • m+n

• What is the 31st term of the sequence: 1, 4, 7, 10,.....? • 91

END OF UNIT 1