WORLD LIT.

LESSONS FOR THE MIDTERMS! CAVEIRO, VIVIEN JEN N. OBTEC 1-11

Elements of Poetry
Table of Contents 1. Sense - revealed through the
meaning of words, images and
● Elements of poetry symbols.
● Poetic language - Diction - use of
● Imagery (Shakespeare)
denotative and
● Epics (main plot)
● Conventions connotative meanings as
well as symbols
- Images and sense
ELEMENTS OF POETRY impressions - poetic
words that appeal to the
five senses
What is Poetry?
- Figures of Speech -
“Poetry is the human soul entire,
literary device that uses
squeezed like a lemon or a lime, drop
connotative or non-literal
by drop, into atomic words.” - Langston
language to create
Hughes
stylistic effect.
2. Sound - the result of a
- Captures the very essence of
combination of a number of
poetry.
elements
- Using a metaphor, Hughes
- Tone Color - determined
equates poetry w/ the human
through the use of rhyme,
soul.
repetition, and other
- Poetry aims to create an
sound devices.
emotional experience in the
- Rhythm - pattern of
reader through the use of
stressed and unstressed
imagery, figures of speech,
syllables in a line of verse
meter and rhyme scheme in
- Meter - determined by the
verse form.
type and number of poetic
foot in a line of verse
● Unlike prose which comes in form
of paragraphs, poetry builds its
1 meter = monometer
message through lines and 2 meter - dimeter
stanzas. 3 meter = trimester
● Before, poems followed strict 4 = tetra meter
meter and rhyme scheme 5 = pentameter
● Nowadays, free verse have 6 = hexameter
become common
WORLD LIT.
LESSONS FOR THE MIDTERMS! CAVEIRO, VIVIEN JEN N. OBTEC 1-11
- BALLAD
- Foot - the metrical unit by which - METRICAL TALE
a line of poetry is measured. A - METRICAL ROMANCE
foot usually consists of one ● DRAMATIC
stressed ad two unstressed - MONOLOGUE
syllables.
POETIC LANGUAGE
3. Rhyme Scheme - the repetition
of similar syllable sounds at the - SOLILOQUY
end of the lines. - So compact that poets use imagery,
4. Structure - refers to the sound devices, and figures of speech
arrangement of words and lines to convey their message.
to fit a together, and to the ● TYPES OF IMAGERY
organization of the parts to form 1. VISUAL (SIGHT)
a whole 2. AUDITORY (SOUND)
- Word Order - natural and 3. OLFACTORY (SMELL)
unnatural arrangement of 4. TACTILE (TOUCH)
words 5. GUSTATORY (TASTE)
- Syntax - complete and
● SOUND DEVICES
fractured syntax
1. ALLITERATIONS -
- Ellipsis - omitting some
repetition of consonant
words for economy and
sounds
effect
2. ASSONANCE- repetition of
- Punctuation - abundance
vowel sounds
or lack of punctuation
3. CONSONANCE - repetition
marks
of consonant sounds
- Shape - contextual and
4. METER - unit of rhythm in
visual designs, jumps
poetry, pattern of beats
omission of spaces,
5. ONOMATOPOEIA - words
capitalization, lower case
which imitates the natural
sounds of things
MAJOR TYPES OF POETRY
● LYRIC -
- SONG IMAGERY
- SIMPLE LYRIC
- SONNET ● FIGURES OF SPEECH
- ODE IMAGERY (SHAKESPEARE)
- ELEGY
● NARRATIVE - William Shakespeare: Sonnet 18
- EPIC
WORLD LIT.
LESSONS FOR THE MIDTERMS!
Meaning: Shakespeare comparing
his beloved to summer–lovely and
fair. I think it also talks about how
even death can’t stop him from
loving ad appreciating the person
this poem is for
Emotion: love and pwede rin pagka-
bewitched ni Shakespeare para sa
inalayan niyang tula
DEEP WORDS
1. Temperate - evenly-
tempered; not overcome by
passion
2. Wander’st - to walk without
direction
William Shakespeare: Sonnet 18
Meaning: love is love; love cannot be
easily broken or remove and talks
about the strength of having it or
experiencing it
Emotion: passion and courage. Dahil
sa daming metaphors that talks
about how love is enduring and
strong, one must be courageous
enough to be able to experience it.
DEEP WORDS
1. Impediments- a hindrance or
obstruction in doing
something.
2. Tempests - a violent windy
storm.
3. Sickle- a short-handled
farming tool with a
semicircular blade, used for
CAVEIRO, VIVIEN JEN N. OBTEC 1-11
cutting grain, lopping, or
EPICS
trimming.
The Iliad by Homer
Main Point - This is a story of a city
fated to fall and warriors who are
destined to die. What happens in the
interim and why and how these
deaths come about is where the
story lies.
Main conflict - Between the Greeks
and the Trojans that has caused the
Trojan War. A secondary conflict
between Achilles and Agamemnon
also drives the plot.
Plot - Follows several weeks near
the end of the Trojan War. After
Agamemnon insults Achilles, Achilles
refuses to fight, and the Greeks
begin to die quickly. Patroclus
disguises himself as Achilles and
leads the Greeks into battle only to
be killed by Hector. Achilles,
enraged, kills Hector in revenge.
Conventions - invocation, in medias
res (in the middle), supernatural
intervention, omniscient narrator,
The ODYSSEY by Homer
Plot - The poem is the story of
Odysseus, king of Ithaca, who
wanders for 10 years (although the
action of the poem covers only the
final six weeks) trying to get home
after the Trojan War. On his return,
WORLD LIT.
LESSONS FOR THE MIDTERMS!
he is recognized only by his faithful
dog and a nurse. With the help of his
son, Telemachus, Odysseus destroys
the insistent suitors of his faithful
wife, Penelope, and several of her
maids who had fraternized with the
suitors and reestablishes himself in
his kingdom.
Conventions - oral-formulaic epic,
pithets or formulae, repeated
phrases that fill out a particular
metrical portion of a line, highly
agonistic, agglutinative
Beowulf by UNKNOWN
Considered the highest achievement
of Old English literature and the
earliest European vernacular epic. It
deals with events of the early 6th
century CE and is believed to have
been composed between 700 and
750. About a warrior named Beowulf
who defeats several powerful
monsters.
Conventions - Beowulf, divine
intervention
Plot - Hrothgar is the King of the
Danes in southern Denmark.
Through success in battle he has
become rich and mighty. As a
symbol of his power and prosperity
he builds a magnificent mead-hall,
called Heorot, in which he and his
loyal warriors can feast, drink,
boast, and listen to the tales of the
scops, the Anglo-Saxon bards. But
soon after Heorot is finished, the
CAVEIRO, VIVIEN JEN N. OBTEC 1-11
mirth of the men and the music of
the scop anger Grendel, a monster
descended from Cain. Grendel raids
the hall, snatching men and eating
them, then returns to his home in the
marsh. He repeats his nightly raids
until no one dares sleep in the hall.
Heorot, once the symbol of the
Scyldings' greatness, is now a place
of shame and terror. This continues
for twelve years, until Beowulf, a
young warrior of the Geats in
southern Sweden, hears about
Grendel and, determined to fight the
monster, sails to Hrothgar's lands
with fifteen companions.
BIAG NI LAM-ANG by PEDRO BUKANEG
Plot - Lam-lang’s life from avenging
his father’s murder, to being eaten
by the water monster Berkakan, to
being reborn and living happily ever
after with his love, Ines Kannoyan.
Conventions - bravery, sacrifice,
heroism, justice, love, romance,
relationship, journey and friendship
EPIC OF GILGAMESH by SIN-LEQE-UNNINI (?)
Plot - Gilgamesh, the king of the city
of Uruk, goes on a quest to find
immortality after he and Enkidu, his
companion, perform deeds that
anger the gods, resulting in Enkidu's
death.
Conventions - legendary heroes,
supernatural involvement, and
stylistic writing.
Lesson - The Epic of Gilgamesh
teaches that physical immortality
WORLD LIT.
LESSONS FOR THE MIDTERMS! CAVEIRO, VIVIEN JEN N. OBTEC 1-11
and longevity is unattainable.
Someone can live forever, however,
by being remembered for their
admirable actions and what they
leave behind as their legacy.
Gilgamesh, for example, has been
immortalized through the
preservation and retelling of the

OEDIPUS REX
epic itself.
CHARACTERS

● Oedipus
● Jocasta - mother and jusawa of
oedipus (yuck)
● Laius - father ni oedipus
● Antigone - child of oedipus and
joacasta
● Creon - brother-in-law
● Polynices - son of oedipus
● Tiresias - blind soothsayer
● Haemon - creon’s son
● Ismene - oedipus daughter
● King Polybus of Corinth

Who survived Oedipus’ wrath in the

crossroads? A shepherd

Oracle of Delphi

Seven-Gated Thebes; sphinx