Introduction :

Strength of materials is the discipline related to the calculation

of stresses and strains in structures and mechanical
components. In staticss the concept of static equilibrium was
defned and the diference between internal and external forces
introduced. Howevers it is not possible on a basis of force
calculation to assess the structural integrits of a component or
structure. This does in lasman's terms simpls refer tos if the
component can sustain the applied loads or will deform besond
the allowable limits or even break.

The purpose for this report :

The goal in this report is to make students more familiar with
working outside the studs process and become more familiar
with what thes actualls in realits
Load calculation
Dead load

1- Self-weight of beam

𝑆𝑒𝑙𝑓 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ × 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 × 1 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 length ×

𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦

𝑆𝑒𝑙𝑓 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 0.4 × 0.4 × 1 × 24 = 4.32 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

2- Slab load

Type of slab= 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ / 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ = 6 / 6 = 1 < 2 ( Tow way slab )

1
𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 2 × (3 × 6) = 18
2

𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 1 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 × 1 𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ × 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 ×

𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦
(1 × 1 × 0.15 × 24)× effective load area
𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 = = 10.8
6

𝐷𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑠 = 10.8+ 4.32 = 15.12 𝑘𝑁/m

Live load

𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 1.2 𝑘𝑁/𝑚2

𝑙𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 =(1.2 × 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎) / 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ

 = (1.2 × 18 ) / 6 = 3.6 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

Total loads on the beam

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑠 = 𝐿𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 × 1.6 + 𝐷𝑒𝑎𝑑 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 × 1.2

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑠 = 3.6 × 1.6 + 15.12 × 1.2 = 23.9 𝑘𝑁/m

23.9 𝑘𝑁/m

6
∑ 𝑀𝐵 = 0

6𝑅𝐴𝑦 = (6 × 23.9) × 3

𝑅𝐴𝑦 = 71.7

∑ 𝐹𝑦 = 0

𝑅𝐵𝑦 = (23.9 × 6) − 𝑅𝐴𝑦 = 143.4 − 71.7 = 71.7

Load X=0 0 < X< 6 X=6

N 0 0 0
V +71.7 23.9× (3 − 𝑋) −71.7

M 0 23.9𝑋/2× (6 − 𝑋) 0

Finding Max Moment (Mmax)

𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 → 𝑉 = 0

V =23.9 × (3 − 𝑋)

0 =23.9 × (3 − 𝑋)

𝑋=3

M=23.9𝑋/2× (6 − 𝑋)

M=23.9(3)/2× (6 − 3) = 107.55
 23.9 kN/m

6m

143.4 kN

3m

6m

71.7kN

71.7kN

107.55kN.m
Es = 1.9 × 108 k𝑁/𝑚2
Ec =2.4 × 107 k𝑁/𝑚2
𝑛 = Es /Ec
=1.9×108 /2.4×107 = 7.92
𝜋
𝑛𝐴𝑠 =7.92 × [ 3 × (0.016)2 ]
4

𝑛𝐴𝑠=4.775×10−3
0.4 X (X/2)−4.774×10-3 (0.4− X)= 0 → 𝑋 = 0.087
1
𝐼 = (0.4 × 0.113 ) + 4.77 × 10−3 × 0.292 = 5.79 × 10−4
3
𝑀𝐶
𝜎=
𝐼
107.55×0.08
𝜎𝑐=
5.79×10−4

𝜎concrete= 1.4860× 104

107.55×0.32
𝜎𝑆 =
5.79×10−4

𝜎𝑆tell= 5.9440× 104 kN

0.4

0.4

0.4 - x
Shearing stresses in beams :
𝑄 = ( 0.4 × 0.4 ) × 0.2 = 0.032
0.4(0.4)3
𝐼= = 2.13 × 10−3
12
𝑉𝑄 71.7 × 0.032
𝜏= = = 2692.96 𝑘𝑁 = 2.693 𝑀𝑝𝑎
𝐼𝑡 2.13 × 10−3 × 0.4

Deformation in Beams

𝑋2
𝑀 = 71.7𝑋 − 23.9 ×
2
𝑋2 𝑋3
𝐸𝐼𝜃 = 71.7 − 23.9 + 𝐶1 = 35.85𝑋 2 − 3.98𝑋 3 + 𝐶1
2 6
𝑋3 𝑋4
𝐸𝐼𝑦 = 35.85 − 3.98 + 𝑋𝐶1 + 𝐶2
3 4
= 11.95𝑋 3 − 𝑋 4 + 𝑋𝐶1 + 𝐶2

Boundars Conditions :
y = 0 −→ ( X = 0 ) and ( X = 6 )
y = 0 −→ ( X = 0 ) −→ 𝐶2 = 0
y = 0 −→ ( X = 6 ) −→ 𝐶1 = -214.2

Deflection :
1
𝑦 = [11.95𝑋 3 − 𝑋 4 − 214.2]
𝐸𝐼
Slope :
1
𝜃 = [35.85𝑋 2 − 3.98𝑋 3 − 214.2]
𝐸𝐼
Slope at A :
1 214.2
𝜃 = [35.85 × 02 − 3.98 × 03 − 214.2] =
𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼

Max Deflection :
𝐸𝐼𝜃 = 35.85𝑋 2 − 3.98𝑋 3 − 214.2
0 = 29.5𝑋 2 − 3.93𝑋 3 − 214.2
X=3
1
𝑦 = [11.95(3)3 − (3)4 − 214.2(3)]
𝐸𝐼
−400.95
𝑦=
𝐸𝐼