Module 4 Study Guide

Focus Four Hazards: Struck By

Module 4 Focus Four Hazards: Struck By: Study Guide

Module Learning Objectives

1. Discuss how to protect yourself and others from being struck by moving vehicles.
2. Discuss how to protect yourself and others from being struck by flying objects.
3. Discuss how to protect yourself and others from being struck by falling objects.
4. Discuss how to protect yourself and others from being struck by unstable masonry walls.

Module Summary

Learning Objective 1. Discuss how to protect yourself and others from being
struck by moving vehicles.

Vehicles could hit you if:

• Operators can’t see you.
• You aren’t aware of a vehicle.
• A vehicle tips and falls onto you.
• An arm or cab of a machine swings into you.
• A vehicle is used in a way it may not be designed for.

A vehicle’s swing radius is the area around it that it could hit with any swinging or rotating
parts.

Swing radii are often marked with red tape, cones, or other devices.

Tips for staying safe around moving vehicles include:

• Inspect vehicles before each shift.
• Wear PPE to make yourself more visible in all lighting conditions.
• Stay out of vehicles’ lanes of travel. Don’t approach them unless you must.
• Stay out of blind spots.
• When you’re working near a road, make sure there are protective barriers against cars.
• Pay attention to your surroundings.
• Before you drive a construction vehicle, get safety training.
• Avoid uneven surfaces.
• If you must work with an obstructed view, get a spotter.
• Make sure everyone is clear before you dump or lift materials.
• If you’re carrying a load, lower it while you travel.
• When your vehicle’s blades or prongs aren’t in use, keep them out of the way.

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Learning Objective 2. Discuss how to protect yourself and others from flying
objects.

Flying objects could come from any kind of pushing, pulling, or prying activity. They can also
come from power tools and other machinery.

There are important safety measures you can use to protect yourself from the dangers of tools
and machinery:

• Wear safety glasses, goggles, and a face shield to protect from flying particles.
• Inspect equipment before you use it.
• Don’t use tools with loose, cracked, or splintered handles or mushroomed heads.
• Make sure you have training to safely use tools and machinery.
• Make sure guards are in place for rotating and moving parts.

When using compressed air, you can lower your risk of injury if you:
• Protect your eyes with safety glasses. You could also wear other PPE like gloves.
• Reduce the air pressure to 30 PSI so they don’t fly too fast.
• Wear hearing protection.
• Make sure your nozzle has a chip guard.
• Never point an air nozzle at any part of yourself or others.

Follow these steps to perform vehicle maintenance safely:

1. Turn off the machine. Its power source should be locked out.
2. Make sure the equipment is de-energized and can’t be started up again accidentally.
3. Lower or block any blades on the machine.
4. Disconnect any tools from the machine.

Learning Objective 3. Discuss how to protect yourself and otherers from falling
objects.

Injury from a falling object depends on two things: the height of the fall and the weight of the
object.

When working around cranes:

• Mark the crane’s swing radius and stay out of it. If you must enter it, make sure the
crane operator can see you.
• Avoid walking under the load.
• Tag lines let you guide a crane’s load without standing under it.
• Don’t overload a crane beyond its capacity.
• Alert a supervisor if the ground around the crane seems unstable.
• Stay even farther away from overhead loads when it’s windy.

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For overhead work:

• Objects falling from scaffolds and higher levels are often small enough that hard hats
offer important protection.
• Warning signs and barricades can discourage people from walking under overhead
work. Always follow warning signs.
• Secure your tools and materials to keep them from falling.
• Use toeboards or screens on scaffolds and along edges.
• Use debris nets, catch platforms, or canopies to catch or deflect falling objects.

Learning Objective 4. Discuss how to protect yourself and others from unstable
masonry walls.

Treat every wall like it could be a struck-by hazard until you know it’s fully dried, stable, and
strong.

Follow these safety practices to avoid dangerous collapses and falling objects:
• Prevent people from entering the area if they aren’t necessary to construction.
• When you’re lifting forms, use automatic holding devices in case the lifting device
fails.
• Shore or brace walls until permanent supports are in place or until they’ve been
tested for strength.
• Wait until a qualified person has inspected concrete walls before placing any loads on
them.
• When you’re unrolling wire mesh, secure both ends or turn the roll over.
• Cap rebar in case someone falls onto it or walks into it.

Demolition is unpredictable work. Only people who are needed for the demolition should be in
the area.

Knowledge Checks

1. How often should you inspect a vehicle on a construction site?

A. Before each shift
B. Once a week
C. Biweekly
D. When someone reports an issue

2. The area around a vehicle that it could hit with any swinging or rotating parts is known
as the:
A. blind spot.
B. crush zone.

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C. safety corridor.
D. swing radius.

3. The ability of a falling object to cause injury is most dependent on what?

A. Speed and velocity
B. Height and weight
C. Angle of descent
D. Number of sharp edges

Key Terms and Definitions

Key Term Definition

Air pressure The pressure within a container due to the
compression of atmospheric gases
Chip guard A chip-resistant, protective coating normally
applied to lower panels to help prevent
sharp stones, debris, etc. from chipping the
paint finish
Crush Compress or squeeze forcefully to break,
damage, or distort in shape
Debris Loose natural material consisting especially
of broken pieces of rock
Demolition Pull or knock down (a building)
Hard hat A rigid protective helmet, as worn by factory
and building workers
High-visibility clothing Outer clothing made of a fluorescent or
reflective material intended to ensure that
the garment's wearer can be easily seen by
other people
Pin Hold someone firmly in a specified position
so they are unable to move
Recoil Rebound or spring back through force of
impact or elasticity
Safety glasses Toughened glasses or goggles for protecting
the eyes when using power tools or industrial
or laboratory equipment
Strike Come into forcible contact or collision with

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Struck by Injuries produced by forcible contact or

impact between the injured person and an
object or piece of equipment
Swing radius The entire circle from a given point that parts
of the equipment may move within
Tag line A rope (usually fiber) attached to a lifted load
for purposes of controlling load spinning and
pendular motions or used to stabilize a
bucket or magnet during material handling
operations
Toeboard A protective barrier installed on the edges of
work platforms or other raised areas to
prevent objects from falling to a lower level
and potentially harming someone or causing
damage to property
Warning sign A type of sign that indicates a potential
hazard, obstacle, or condition requiring
special attention

Resources, Sources, and Links

1. Dropped object prevention: The definitive guide: https://neverletgo.com/dropped-
object-prevention
2. Focus 4 Construction Safety & Health: ‘Struck-By’ Hazards Participant Guide:
https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/2018-12/fy07_sh-16586-
07_2_struckby_hazards_participant_guide.pdf
3. Construction: Struck By: https://www.osha.gov/etools/construction/struck-by
4. Powered Industrial Trucks: Forklifts: Pedestrian Traffic:
https://www.osha.gov/etools/powered-industrial-trucks/workplace/pedestrian-traffic
5. Struck-By: Vehicle Inspection: https://www.osha.gov/etools/construction/struck-
by/vehicle-inspection
6. US Department of Labor cites Athens lumber manufacturer for ignoring required safety
precautions after forklift fatally strikes worker:
https://www.osha.gov/news/newsreleases/region4/05232022
7. Concrete and Concrete Products: https://www.osha.gov/concrete-
products/controlling-hazards
8. Highway Work Zones and Signs, Signals, and Barricades:
https://www.osha.gov/highway-workzones/
9. Powered Industrial Trucks: Forklifts: https://www.osha.gov/powered-industrial-trucks

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10. Subpart E–Personal Protective and Life Saving Equipment:

https://www.osha.gov/construction/training/cards/subpart-e

Answer Key
1. How often should you inspect a vehicle on a construction site?
A. Before each shift (Correct. You should inspect vehicles before each shift.)
B. Once a week (Incorrect. This is not the recommended approach.)
C. Biweekly (Incorrect. This is not the recommended approach.)
D. When someone reports an issue (Incorrect. This is not the recommended
approach.)

2. The area around a vehicle that it could hit with any swinging or rotating parts is known
as the:
A. blind spot. (Incorrect. A blind spot is an area where a person's view is
obstructed.)
B. crush zone. (Incorrect. The crush zone is the part of a vehicle's bodywork that is
designed to absorb the energy in a crash, reducing the amount that is felt by
passengers inside.)
C. safety corridor. (Incorrect. A highway safety corridor is a special segment of a
highway that has been identified by data analysts to be a high-collision zone,
especially for severe injury and fatal collisions.)
D. swing radius. (Correct. The area around a vehicle that it could hit with any
swinging or rotating parts is known as the swing radius.)

3. The ability of a falling object to cause injury is most dependent on what?

A. Speed and velocity (Incorrect. Injuries caused by falling objects are not most
dependent on speed and velocity.)
B. Height and weight (Correct. The ability of a falling object to cause injury is most
dependent on the weight of the object and the height from which it fell.)
C. Angle of descent (Incorrect. Injuries caused by falling objects are not most
dependent on the angle of descent.)
D. Number of sharp edges (Incorrect. Injuries caused by falling objects are not
most dependent on the number of sharp edges.)

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