Name:______________________________Class: _________________ Date: _________________

CHAPTER 22 REVIEW

Organic Chemistry
Teacher Notes and Answers
7.
Chapter 22
SECTION 1
SHORT ANSWER 8.
1. carbonates and oxides
2. c
3. Free rotation around the single bond
between the carbon atoms will allow both of SECTION 2
these configurations to occur with the same SHORT ANSWER
molecule. 1. a
4. a. Answers will vary. 2. c
3. b
4. a hydrocarbon in which each carbon atom
forms four single covalent bonds with
other atoms
5. Each nonterminal carbon atom within the
hydrocarbon chain bonds with two
hydrogen atoms. The two terminal carbon
atoms on the chain bond with an
additional hydrogen atom each to complete
carbon’s four covalent bonds.
b. Answers will vary. 6. There are no terminal carbon atoms
requiring a third hydrogen in a cycloalkane.
7. a. 3,4-diethylhexane
b. 3-ethyl-3-methylpentane
5. Answers will vary: any long hydrocarbon c. 2, 5, 6-trimethyloctane
will do.
8. a.

6. b.

c.

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Modern Chemistry 1 Matter and Change
Name:______________________________Class: _________________ Date: _________________
SECTION 3 SECTION 4
SHORT ANSWER SHORT ANSWER
1. d, f, a, b, c, e 1. a. c
2. Glycerol is an alcohol containing three b. a
hydroxyl groups. This structure allows it to c. d
form multiple hydrogen bonds with water. d. b
Thus, glycerol functions as a moisturizer 2. a. high
in skin care products. b. high
3. fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine c. Yes
4. The difference is the location of the 3. a. addition
carbonyl group. In aldehydes, the carbonyl b. substitution
group is attached to a carbon atom at the end c. unsaturated
of a carbon-atom chain. In ketones, 4. a. 1
the carbonyl group is attached to carbon b. 2C6H12O6
C12H22O11 + H2O
atoms within the chain. 5. a.
5. acetic acid
6. Esters are derivatives of carboxylic acids
because of their structural similarity. The
hydrogen atom of the acid’s hydroxyl group
is replaced by an alkyl group in esters. b. 1,2-dibromobutane
7. a. 6. a. natural
b. synthetic
c. natural
7. a. high-density polyethylene; rigid plastic
bottles
b. low-density polyethylene; plastic
b.
shopping bags
c. cross-linked polyethylene; plastic crates
8. There must be a double or triple bond onto
which an adjoining CH2 group can add.
An alkane has all single bonds.

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Modern Chemistry 2 Organic Chemistry
Name:______________________________Class: _________________ Date: _________________

CHAPTER 22 REVIEW

Organic Chemistry
SECTION 1
SHORT ANSWER Answer the following questions in the space provided.
1. Name two types of carbon-containing molecules that are not organic.
_______________________________________________________________
2. _____ Carbon atoms form bonds readily with atoms of
(a) elements other than carbon. (c) both carbon and other elements.
(b) carbon only. (d) only neutral elements.
3. Explain why the following two molecules are not geometric isomers of one
another.

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4. a. In the space below, draw the structural formulas for two structural isomers
with the same molecular formula.

b. In the space below, draw the structural formulas for two geometric isomers
with the same molecular formula.

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Modern Chemistry 3 Organic Chemistry
Name:______________________________Class: _________________ Date: _________________

SECTION 1 continued
5. Draw a structural formula that demonstrates the catenation of the methane
molecule, CH4.

6. Draw the structural formulas for two structural isomers of C4H10.

7. Draw the structural formula for the cis-isomer of C2H2Cl2.

8. Draw the structural formula for the trans-isomer of C2H2Cl2.

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Modern Chemistry 4 Organic Chemistry
Name:______________________________Class: _________________ Date: _________________

CHAPTER 22 REVIEW

Organic Chemistry
SECTION 2
SHORT ANSWER Answer the following questions in the space provided.

____1._____Hydrocarbons that contain only single covalent bonds between

carbon atoms are called
(a) alkanes. (c) alkynes.
(b) alkenes. (d) unsaturated.
____2._____When the longest straight-chain in a hydrocarbon contains seven
carbons, its prefix is
(a) pent-. (c) hept-.
(b) hex-. (d) oct-.
____3._____The alkyl group with the formula —CH2—CH3 is called
(a) methyl. (c) propyl.
(b) ethyl. (d) butyl.
4. What is a saturated hydrocarbon?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
5. Explain why the general formula for an alkane, CnH2n+2, correctly predicts
hydrocarbons in a homologous series.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
6. Why is the general formula for cycloalkanes, CnH2n, different from the general
formula for straight-chain hydrocarbons?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

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Modern Chemistry 5 Organic Chemistry
Name:______________________________Class: _________________ Date: _________________

SECTION 2 continued
7. Write the IUPAC name for the following structural formulas:

__________________ a.

__________________ b.

__________________ c.

8. Draw the structural formula for each of the following compounds:

a. 3,4-diethyl-2-methy-1-hexene

b. 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylbenzene

c. 5, 6-dimethyl-2-heptyne

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Modern Chemistry 6 Organic Chemistry
Name:______________________________Class: _________________ Date: _________________

CHAPTER 22 REVIEW

Organic Chemistry
SECTION 3
SHORT ANSWER Answer the following questions in the space provided.
1. Match the structural formulas on the right to the family name on the left.

______ aldehyde (a) (d)

______ ketone

______ carboxylic
acid (b) (e)
______ amine

______ ester

______ alkene (f)

(c)

2. What is the functional group in glycerol? Explain how glycerol functions in

skin care products.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3. List the halogen atoms found in alkyl halides in order of increasing atomic
mass.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4. State the difference between aldehydes and ketones.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

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Modern Chemistry 7 Organic Chemistry
Name:______________________________Class: _________________ Date: _________________

SECTION 3 continued
5. ___________________ Which is the weaker acid, acetic acid or sulfuric
acid?
6. Explain why esters are considered derivatives of carboxylic acids.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
7. Draw structural formulas for the following compounds:
a. 1-butanol

b. dichlorodifluoromethane

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Modern Chemistry 8 Organic Chemistry
Name:______________________________Class: _________________ Date: _________________

CHAPTER 22 REVIEW

Organic Chemistry
SECTION 4
SHORT ANSWER Answer the following questions in the space provided.
1. Match the reaction type on the left to its description on the right.

______ substitution (a) An atom or molecule is added to an

unsaturated molecule, increasing the
______ addition saturation of the molecule.
(b) A simple molecule is removed from adjacent
______ condensation atoms of a larger molecule.
(c) One or more atoms replace another atom or
______ elimination group of atoms in a molecule.
(d) Two molecules or parts of the same molecule
combine.
2. Substitution reactions can require a catalyst to be feasible. The reaction
represented by the following equation is heated to maximize the percent yield.


C 2 H 6 ( g ) + Cl 2 ( g ) + energy 
 C 2 H 5 Cl(l ) + HCl( g )

__________________ a. Should a high or low temperature be maintained?

__________________ b. Should a high or low pressure be used?
__________________ c. Should the HCl gas be allowed to escape into
another container?
3. Elemental bromine is a reddish-brown liquid. Hydrocarbon compounds that
contain bromine are colorless. A qualitative test for carbon-carbon multiple
bonds is the addition of a few drops of bromine solution to a hydrocarbon
sample at room temperature and in the absence of sunlight. The bromine will
either quickly lose its color or remain reddish brown.
__________________ a. If the sample is unsaturated, what type of reaction
should occur when the bromine is added under the
conditions mentioned above?
__________________ b. If the sample is saturated, what type of reaction
should occur when the bromine is added under the
conditions mentioned above?
__________________ c. The reddish brown color of a bromine solution
added to a hydrocarbon sample at room
temperature and in the absence of sunlight quickly
disappears. Is the sample a saturated or unsaturated
hydrocarbon?
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Modern Chemistry 9 Organic Chemistry
Name:______________________________Class: _________________ Date: _________________

SECTION 4 continued
4. Two molecules of glucose, C6H12O6, undergo a condensation reaction to form
one molecule of sucrose, C12H22O11.
_____ a. How many molecules of water are formed during this condensation
reaction?
b. Write a balanced chemical equation for this condensation reaction.
_______________________________________________________________
5. Addition reactions with halogens tend to proceed rapidly and easily, with the
two halogen atoms bonding to the carbon atoms connected by the multiple
bond. Thus, only one isomeric product forms.
a. Write an equation showing the structural formulas for the reaction of Br2
with 1-butene.

b. Name the product.

_______________________________________________________________
6. Identify each of the following substances as either a natural or a synthetic polymer.
__________________ a. cellulose
__________________ b. nylon
__________________ c. proteins
7. The text gives several abbreviations commonly used in describing plastics or
polymers. For each of the following abbreviations, give the full term and one
common household usage.
a. HDPE
_______________________________________________________________
b. LDPE
_______________________________________________________________
c. cPE
_______________________________________________________________
8. Explain why an alkane cannot be used as the monomer of an addition polymer.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
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Modern Chemistry 10 Organic Chemistry