WORLD OF

REGIONS
The Contemporary World
Midterm Period
Key terms
•REGIONALIZATION
•GLOBAL DIVIDES
•REGIONALISM
•REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
Regionalization and globalization
Although globalization has brought the countries together, but it also pushed
some regions to organize regional cooperation and integration to cope up with
the demands and problems caused by it. In this case, regionalization has
become a necessary process for countries in the same region in order to
prevent the negative effects of globalization.
Definition of terms
regions
A g r o u p o f c o u n t r i e s situated in
the same geographical area or may be a
combination of two or more regions organized to
oversee policy-making and decisions. (Claudio and
Abinales, 2018)
regionalization

Refers to “regional concentration of economic flows.”

(Claudio and Abinales, 2018:51)
regionalism
Political process characterized by economic policy
cooperation and coordination among countries.
(Claudio and Abinales, 2018:51)
 Regional
organization An organization, the members (participants) of which are
national bodies (organizations) for standardization of the states
included in the same geographical region of the world and
(or) a group of countries undergoing the process of economic
integration according to international treaties. (Federal Law on
Technical Regulation, No. 184-FZ, Russian Federation, 2002)
Examples of regional organizations
REGIONS COPING UP WITH
GLOBALIZATION
Different countries have their own
strategies in coping up with globalization

•Economic and political strategies

•CHINA: cheap and huge workforce
•SINGAPORE: bank operations
Some countries form a regional
alliance for military defense
• NATO (National Atlantic Treaty Organization) -Cold War
(Western European Countries and US against Soviet Union)

• Warsaw Pact- Soviet Union over the Eastern European

countries
 • NEW REGIONALISM- small associations that
include no more than a few actors and focus on
a single issue or huge continental unions that
NON-STATE address a multitude of problems from territorial
defense to food security
REGIONALISM • NGOs
• ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations)
• Partnership of Government and organizations
CHALLENGES OF REGIONALISM

• Resurgence of militant nationalism and

populism
• NATO (military aspect)
• EUROPEAN UNION (financial crisis)
• ASEAN (territorial)
• Visions
GLOBAL DIVIDES
Refers to the idea of global equalities by which the world is being categorized or divided into
socio-economic and political classifications as global south-global north, developing-developed
countries, and first, second, and third worlds.

Ri c h Fi r s t an d
Glo bal No r t h De ve lo p e d
Co u n t r i e s Se c o n d Wo r lds
Poor Countries Global South Developing Third World
The class divided
•Your instructor divided the class into two. Members are randomly picked.
• Rich Countries: Group 1
• Poor Countries: Group 2
•You will create a short activity which will be provided in a word document.
•All questions are there.
•Submit the activity before the deadline.
POOR GROUP OF PEOPLE
1. Cueto 8. Tatoy 15.Orsos
2. Del Pilar 9. Set 16.Simera
3. Mendoza 10.Rojas 17.Palima
4. Resulta 11.Montoya 18.Valencia
5. Sapalo 12.Felipe 19.Entac
6. Balsamo 13.De Ocampo 20.Cerbo
7. Ala 14.Colaway 21.Alegre
rich GROUP OF PEOPLE
1. Balagtas 8. Fabul 15.Roslin
2. Casaul 9. Ferguson 16.Sabenorio
3. Crudo 10.Ferma 17.Sabillo
4. Curata 11.Manguba 18.Sereno
5. Dagandan 12.Manrique 19.Simbulan
6. Diomampo 13.Mapa 20.Tillman
7. Dumaguin 14.Recamata 21.Alcuetas
Structures of Globalization
The Contemporary World
Midterm Period
 Part 3
Global Governance and
International
Organizations
 The sum of laws, norms, policies,
and institutions that define,
constitute and mediate trans-
border relations between states,
What is cultures, citizens,
intergovernmental and non-
Global governmental organizations and
Governance? the market; the wielders and the
object of the exercise of
international public order. (Weiss
and Thakur, 2010 as cited by
Saluba, et. al, 2018:75)
 International organizations are
institutions with formal procedure
and a membership comprising
three or more states. They are
What are characterized by rules that seek to
International regulate the relations amongst
member states and by a formal
Organizations? structure that implements and
enforces these rules. (Heywood,
2011 as cited by Saluba, et. al,
2018:76)
Powers Of International
Organizations

01 02 03
POWER OF POWER TO FIX POWER TO DIFFUSE
CLASSIFICATION MEANINGS NORM
the capability to well- defined terms implementation of
invent and apply are constructed that laws that would
categories and create will specifically apply regulate the ways of
powerful global to the concepts of the governing. (usually
standards organization not strict, but binding)
INTERNATIONAL LAW
IS A
HANGING LAW
Examples of IOs

World Trade International

United Nations
Organization Monetary Fund

Association of
European Union
World Bank Southeast Asian
(EU)
Nations (ASEAN)
THE UNITED NATIONS
• Created after the
unsuccessful league of
nations at the end of
world war II (October
24, 1945)
• Located in New York
City
• Divided into five organs
• One of the well known
and high implementing
international
organization
 • New York City
• Main deliberative policy-making and representative
organ
GENERAL • It is where the decision making happens when it comes
ASSEMBLY to admission of new members and budgetary matters
take part
• Always require two-thirds majority of the GA to decide
• GA president (one- year term)
 • New York City
• The body that is responsible in maintaining peace and
determining a threat
SECURITY • 15 member states
COUNCIL • 10 members will be elected every two years
• Powerful five (P5) or the big five consists of France,
United States, United Kingdom, China, and Russia are
permanent members
 • New York City and Geneva
ECONOMIC • The principal body for coordination, policy review,

AND
policy dialogue, and recommendations on social and
environmental issues as well as the implementation of

SOCIAL
internationally agreed development goals
• 54 members elected every 3 years
COUNCIL • Central platform for discussion on UN SDG (sustainable
development goals)
 • The Hague
• Settle in accordance with international law

INTERNATIONAL • Major cases in the body are disputes between states

wherein the parties involved voluntarily bring up
COURT OF their concerns to the court

JUSTICE • International criminal court- international criminal

cases
SECRETARIAT
• Carries out day-to-
day work of the un
• Bureaucracy of the
UN
• Headed by the
Secretary General
• Thousands of UN
employees
 The first one to chat their surname will be
called to answer and will gain one recitation
point, and 10 pesos GCASH/ LOAD
 Who is the current
Secretary General of the
United Nations?
ANTONIO GUTERRES
Secretary General
United Nations, 2021
 How many member-
states are currently in
UN in 2021?
193 members
UN has originally 6 main
organs, name the organ
that was not mentioned.
Trusteeship Council
• Established in 1945 by the UN Charter,
under Chapter XIII, to provide international
supervision for 11 Trust Territories that had
been placed under the administration of
seven Member States, and ensure that
adequate steps were taken to prepare the
Territories for self-government and
independence.
• By 1994, all Trust Territories had attained
self-government or independence.
• The Trusteeship Council suspended
operation on 1 November 1994.
What is the difference of
IOs and NGOs?
 Challenges of
United Nations

• Limited power
• Problem of coordination
and cooperation among
its member states
• Hegemonic theory
• Diversity
Structures of Globalization
The Contemporary World
Midterm Period
Structures of Globalization
The Contemporary World
 PART 2
History of Global Politics
 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Guide in • The study of the connections

between various aspects like culture,

studying history
politics and government of states.
• Interactions between states

of global INTERNATIONALIZATION

politics • Process of implementing plans,

products and services to other
countries that may adapt to IR
THE ATTRIBUTES OF TODAY’S GLOBAL SYSTEM
FOUR KEY ATTRIBUTES
1. There are countries or states that are independent and
govern themselves
2. These countries interact with each other through
diplomacy
3. There are international organizations that facilitate these
interactions
4. International organizations also take on lives of their own
 STATE
• Country and its government ( 4
attributes: citizens, territory,
government and sovereignty)
• Sovereignty is the power to
rule within a country’s

NATION-STATE
jurisdiction and also to have
international autonomy.
Internal and external authority
Not all states are nations and
not all nations are states
NATION
• “imagined community” –
Benedict Anderson
• Having the sense of
connection with a community
of people
History of the
Interstate System
The Thirty Years War
(1618-1648)
• A brutal war happened
between the main powers in
Europe.
• Included the Catholics and
Protestants
• Religious claims turned into
geopolitical power claims
• Killed almost 1/3 of the
population
Treaty of Westphalia
(1648)

• Ended the Thirty Years War

and was the root of the
modern-day concept of
Sovereignty
• Westphalian System – aimed
to let countries in Europe
govern on their own and
avoid interacting with other
countries.
NAPOLEONIC WARS
(1803-1815)
• Lead by Napoleon Bonaparte.
• He conquered various states in
France to spread liberty, equality
and fraternity
• Napoleonic Code– forbade birth
privileges, encouraged freedom
of religion, promoted meritocracy
in the government
• Napoleon was defeated in the
Battle of Waterloo in 1815
CONCERT OF EUROPE
(1815-1914)

• Restored the sovereignty of

states.
• Alliance of “Great powers”-
United Kingdom, Austria,
Russia, Prussia
PHILOSOPHY OF INTERNATIONALISM
 LIBERAL INTERNATIONALISM

PROPONENT: IMMANUEL KANT

• The concept of having a

government is to prevent
lawlessness
• “without a form of world
government , international
system would be chaotic”
• Why not have a global
government?
LIBERAL INTERNATIONALISM
JEREMY BENTHAM

• Global legislators should aim to

propose legislation that would
create “the greatest happiness
of all nations taken together”

• Coined the word “international”

in 1780
LIBERAL INTERNATIONALISM

GIUSEPPE MAZZINI

• Advocate of a Republican
Government

• System of free nations

that cooperated with each
other to create an
international system
LIBERAL INTERNATIONALISM
WOODROW WILSON
• Influenced by Mazzini
• 20th Century’s most prominent
internationalist
• Has a strong faith on
nationalism and promoted the
principle of self- determination
• Democracy
• League of Nations to prevent
another war
Socialist Internationalism
PROPONENT: KARL MARX

• A society should not be

bounded by the idea of
nationalism
• Capitalist and Proletariat
• Proletariats should focus on
working together
Is liberalist internationalism
better than socialist
internationalism?
What is the importance of
Global Politics?
How would you observe the
Philippines’ standing in
global politics?
 Next Topic:
Global Governance and
International
Organizations