10853 Session 2022

B2 Study Committee OVERHEAD LINES

PS1 - Challenges & New Solutions in Design
and Construction of New OHL

Turkey Transmission Line of Ice Load Breakdown used for the Prevention of Anti Torsion
Pendulum and Interphase Space Applications

Mete UZAR (*) Wolfgang TROPPAUER

TEIAS, Turkey Mosdorfer GmbH, Austria
mete.uzar@teias.gov.tr Wolfgang.Troppauer@mosdorfer.com

Dilek GURSU Aytac SAGIR

T Design, Turkey TEIAS, Turkey
dkgursu@outlook.com aytac.sagir@teias.gov.tr

(*) mete.uzar@teias.gov.tr

SUMMARY

The icing on the insulators / conductors in the transmission lines causes permanent and temporary malfunctions.
When the icing formed on the insulator surface is combined with the pollution, it causes the formation of
conductive surfaces on the insulator. The icing on the conductors is also a source of malfunction due to mechanical
and dynamic effects.

It is very difficult to respond to permanent failures caused by ice load and wind load. Most of the time, even fault
detection can be made with difficulty due to reasons such as closed roads, limited visibility and continuing rainfall.
Especially, it takes months to fix the faults that result in tower collapse. Therefore, measures to be taken to prevent
malfunctions caused by ice and wind are of vital importance.

In this session, the ice at the Turkey Transmission System and used for the prevention of anti-wind-induced failure
and torsional pendulum damper interphase spacer (IPS) performance will be evaluated.

KEYWORDS

Ice Load, Wind Load, IPS, Anti Torsion Pendulum Damper,

 ANTI TORSION PENDULUM AND INTERPHASE SPACER APPLICATIONS

Atmospheric icing is a complex phenomenon affected by

many fundamental components such as time and
topography. It occurs as a result of precipitation icing, such
as increased freezing rain and wet snow, or in-cloud icing,
where excessively suspended droplets freeze. Among the
icing types examined in two main groups, precipitation
icing is relatively more advantageous in both creating an
ice model and preventing ice formation. In contrast, in-
cloud icing is a very difficult type of icing to model and
prevent.

When viewed in Turkey, precipitation icing is seen more

often in private. The duration of precipitation is critical in
precipitation-induced icing. In cases where no action is
taken, it can cause irreversible consequences.

The prevention of frost-induced breakdown preventive

work is carried out with the following chronology
transmission system in Turkey.

1- Field measurements for determining ice and wind load on the line route
2- Implementation of add-on tower project in the line parts with icing on the project criteria
3- Installation of anti-torsional pendulum damper and interphase spacer (IPS) used in line parts where add-on tower
cannot be added and where there is heavy icing.

In Turkey, torsional pendulum dampers and anti-interphase spacer (IPS) applications was introduced in 2018. The
first pilot application was carried out on the 154 kV Kovanlık-Altınordu Energy Transmission Line. This line is
double circuit and IPS has been installed on the transmission conductors and a pendulum damper has been installed
on the protection conductors. However, in order to fully see the performance of the IPS and pendulum damper, it
has been assembled on Line-2 and not mounted on Line-1. In the first winter of the year, 1 opening occurred in
Line-2, and 11 openings occurred in Line-1, which was not installed Applications; It is in the form of anti-torsional
pendulum damper installation in both transmission and protection conductors for single circuit lines. However, in
cases where heavy wind loads are detected on these lines, IPS mounting is also applied to the transmission
conductors. In double-circuit lines, it is in the form of anti-torsional pendulum damper installation in IPS protection
conductors in transmission conductors. Deflection changes that may occur in the lines are checked before the
assembly. Unacceptable deflection changes are observed especially at long pole intermediate distances.
 The expected benefits from these applications can be
listed as follows;

1- Prevention of overload on poles by reducing ice

formation
2- Preventing phase-earth and phase-phase conductor
approaches as a result of whipping during ice spillage
3- Preventing conductors from approaching each
other due to unbalanced icing or long pole spacing
4- Limitting conductor swinging in lines installed in
the direction of the effective wind

Anti-torsional pendulum dampers are installed with 50-

60 m distance. Ice spiral formation is prevented as it prevents the rotation of the wire used. It is poured in different
periods with the effect of gravity in the partial icing
that occurs.

IPS assembly is mounted on 154 kV lines with ~

max.150 m distance. However, the distance between
the poles is 600 m and over the line sections, and the
assembly is made with intermediate distances up to
200m. When calculating the IPS installation length, it
is necessary to comply with the available distance
between conductors whenever possible. Otherwise,
IPSs are exposed to torsional loads much higher than
design loads.

In the field investigations carried out after the assembly, it

was determined that pendulum dampers performed less in
icing caused by intense wind. Although icing is seen in this
type of line parts, there was no temporary breakdown.
Because, lower amplitude swinging occur during the pouring
of the formed ice. This limits the phase-to-phase or phase-
to-earth conductor approach.

Another determination is that pendulum dampers are

ineffective in the formation of icing in the cloud. In the line
parts where this type of icing occurs, IPS and phase-earth
interceptors will prevent the formation of temporary faults
 caused by oscillations.

The priority in preventing malfunctions caused by ice

load and wind load is to determine the maximum ice
and wind load correctly and to prepare line projects in
accordance with these values. Pendulum dampers and
IPS are very successful, especially in preventing
temporary failures caused by oscillations. It also
contributes positively to the reduction of precipitation-
induced ice formation.

In Turkey and in line with the IPS pendulum damper

mounting a serious drop in the number of permanent and temporary malfunction has occurred. As is known, annual
variations are observed in ice and wind load formation. Therefore, an observation of at least 5 years for post-
assembly performances will give more accurate results.

Statistical information for some assembled lines

Name of Line 2017 2018 2019 2020

154 kV Mut RES-Gezende RES EİH 6 6 0 0

154 kV Tunceli-Mercan HES EİH 15 24 23 0

400 kV Yeşilhisar-Konya 4 EİH 17 13 16 0

The number of winter-induced failure of Turkey also experienced some fault lines are given in the table above.
There was no winter failure in these lines after the assembly.

To sum up, after 2018 in Turkey damper initiated pendulum to be mounted and IPS assemblies, in accordance
with design criteria with facility been line, ice and wind loads showed high performance in the formation of induced
failures. Clearer determinations will be made after longer observation periods and the widespread use of the
application.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

[1] Working Group B2.29 CIGRE 438. “Systems for prediction and monitoring of ice shedding, anti-icing and
de-icing for power line conductors and ground wires” (December 2010) temperature in the steady state and the
application thereof” (Electra number 144 October 1992 pages 107-125)
[2] Atmospheric Icing on Structures Measurements and data collection on icing: State of the Art. (S. Fikke, G.
Ronsten, A. Heimo, S. Kunz, M. Ostrozlik, P.-E. Persson, J. Sabata, B. Wareing, B. Wichura, J. Chum, Laakso,
 K. Säntti, L. Makkonen) (Veröffentlichung MeteoSchweiz Nr. 75)
[3] Atmospheric Icing of Power Networks. (Dr. Masoud Farzaneh Universite du Qu´ebec´a Chicoutimi)
[4] Ice Handbook For Engineers (Lennart Fransson. Luleå, İsveç,2009).
[5] Cigre (2006) “Guidelines for meteorological icing models, statistical methods and topographical effects.”
(Technical Brochure #291, April)
[6] Cigre (2000) Guidelines for field measurements of ice loading on overhead power line conductors.
(Technical Brochure #179, August)