K FDGIVOÖN

Gkjjoaky y Gksskn
Kjbunks fkrkftirìstofks ai jk fdgisoön5

- Is un `inölind supir`ofokj qui istkmjifi rijkfodnis ritofujkris in jk supir`ofoi

aosfursovk aij tixtd y si lkno`oistk in jds novijis brklktofkj y jïxofd.
- Is und ai jds liaods ai kftovkfoön ai jk `unfoön tixtukj aij jinbukei qui robi
jk fkpkfoaka qui toini ij jinbukei pkrk drbknozkrsi in tixtds.
- Is unk rijkfoön ontir-drkfodnkj,
ontir-drkfodnkj, is aifor, intri drkfodnis, y nd ontrk-drkfodnkj,
pdrqui aintrd ai jk drkfoön yk ixosti unk fdgisoön brklktofkj qui nd ai`oni
jks rijkfodnis tixtukjis.
- un fdnfiptd rijkfodnknti,
Is un rijkfodnknti, is jk rijkfoön intri un ijilintd y dtrd8 is unk
rijkfoön binirkj ai binirkfoön ai un tixtd d ij fdneuntd ai tkjis rijkfodnis.

Ij fdnfiptd ai fdgisoön5
Yn tixtd is unk unoaka aij jinbukei in usd8 nd is unk drkfoön ai lkydr tklkûd. Vi
trktk ai unk unoaka silëntofk qui si rijkfodnk fdn jk drkfoön nd pdr su ixtinsoön,
sond pdr su rikjozkfoön, yk qui ij tixtd si rikjozk pdr liaod ai drkfodnis.
Jk tixtukjoaka d tixturk is jk prdpoiaka ai jds tixtds, jk ai ‚sir un tixtd“. In isti
sintoad, so un pkskei fdn lës ai unk drkfoön si pirfomi fdld tixtd, aimi gkmir
foirtds rksbds jonbúìstofds prisintis qui pirlotkn jk tixtukjoaka, fdld jk fdgirinfok y
jk fdgisoön.
Ij fdnfiptd ai fdgisoön is un fdnfiptd silëntofd8
silëntofd8 si ri`oiri k jks rijkfodnis ai
sobno`ofkad qui ixostin aintrd ai un tixtd8 is aifor, jk fdgisoön toini jubkr fuknad jk
ontirpritkfoön ai kjbõn ijilintd in ij aosfursd aipinai ai dtrd. Fuknad tkj fdsk
sufiai, unk rijkfoön fdgisovk si onstkurk y jds ads ijilintds, ij qui prisupdni y ij
prisupuistd, quiakn ontibrkads in un tixtd. Jk fdgisoön supdni musfkr jk rijkfoön
intri
int ri ads ijil
ijilintd
intdss ain
aintrd
trd aij tixtd. Jds ijilintds d ìti
tixtd. ls kpkrifin unoads pdr
ìtils
liaod ai jobkaurks (ri`irinfok, ijopsos, fdneunfoön, fdgisoön jïxofk). Jk `drlk lës
solpji ai fdgisoön is kquijjk in qui ij ijilintd prisupuistd istë ixpjìfotd in jk
drkfoön onliaoktklinti prifiainti8 kunqui puiai dfurror qui aofgd ijilintd istï
in dtrk pkrti, in kjbund drkfoön nd onliaoktklinti kntirodr d pdstirodr, y gkstk puiai
nd inf
infdnt
dntrkr
rkrsi
si in ij tixtd.
tixtd. Ij tïrlon
tïrlondd fdgisoön ri`oiri k isks rijkfodnis qui

;
fdn`
fdn`dr
drlk
lknn ij tixt
tixtdd y qui
qui nd sdn
sdn ispi
ispifì
fì`o`ofk
fkli
lint
ntii istr
istruf
uftu
turk
rkji
jis5 sdn rijkfodnis
s5 sdn
silëntofks..
silëntofks
´Fdgisoön aintrd ai jk drkfoön4
Jks rijkfodnis fdgisovks, kj sir silëntofks, dfurrin aintrd ai unk drkfoön, pird in

isti fksd suijin pkskr onkavirtoaks.

Ie.Vo jjibës k vir kj fddraonkadr, nd ji aobks qui ji rdmkrdn ij kutd.
Qris fdlpdnintis `unfodnkjis ai jk fdgisoön5

- Oaikfodnkj5 Ixpiroinfokj y jöbofd.

- Ontirpirsdnkj.
- Qixtukj.
]ifursds ai fdgisoön5
k) ]I@I]IN
]I@I]INFOKFOK55 si ak fuknad
fuknad un ijilintd
ijilintd nd puiai
puiai sir ontirpri
ontirpritka
tkadd pdr sì
losld,
los ld, nifiso
nifisotk
tk ai dtrd
dtrd iji
ijilin
lintd.
td. Qkjis
Qkjis iji
ijilin
lintds
tds sdn jds prd
prdndl
ndlmri
mriss
pirsdnkjis, aildstrktovds y fdlpkrktovds, i onaofkn qui jk on`drlkfoön aimi
musfkrsi in dtrd jubkr8 su nkturkjizk fdgisovk rkaofk in jk fdntonuoaka ai jk
ri`irinfok, pdrqui pdr su ontirliaod un ijilintd intrk in ij aosfursd pdr
sibunak viz.

-Inad`örofk (knë`drk d fktë`drk)

Suiai sir5 -Inad`örofk
-Ixd`örofk (jobk ij tixtd kj fdntixtd ai sotukfoön)

m) IJOSVOV5
IJOSVOV5 soilpri
soilpri qui gky ijopso
ijopsos,
s, gky un vkfìd
vkfìd qui aimi
aimi jjinkrsi,
jjinkrsi, k pkrtor
pkrtor ai
kjbõn ìtil prifiainti. Suiai sir5
-Ndlonkj5 jk `unfoön aij nõfjid is aisilpiûkak pdr dtrd ijilintd ai jk
-Ndlonkj5
fdnstruffoö
fdnstruffoön.
n. Binirkjlint
Binirkjlinti,
i, jk on`drlkfoön
on`drlkfoön si infuintrk
infuintrk in ij brupd ndlonkj
prifiainti.
-Pirmkj.
-Srdpdsofodnkj.
-Drkfodnkj.

f) VYVQOQYFOÖN
VYVQOQYFOÖN55 is un riilpjkzd
riilpjkzd ai
ai un ìtil
ìtil pdr dtrd.
dtrd. Is soilpri
soilpri un `inölin
`inölindd
tixtukj. Kquì gky riilpjkzd, in fklmod in jk ijopsos gky dlosoön. Suiai sir5
=
 -Gopdnolok.
-Gopirdnolok.
-Ndlonkjozkfoön.
-Fktibdrozkfoön.
-Skrë`rksos.
-Ndlmris binïrofds.
-Vondnolok.

a) VYVQKNQOPDV
VYVQKNQOPDV BINI]KJIV5
BINI]KJIV5 istën kj jìlot
jìlotii intri jk fdgisoö
fdgisoönn brklktofkj
brklktofkj y jk
fdgisoön jixofkj. Onfjuyi un piquiûd fdneuntd ai sustkntovds qui toinin
ri`irinfok binirkjozkak aintrd ai fjksis ai sustkntovds lkydris. Ie. Binti,
pirsdnk, gdlmri, lueir, lufgkfgd, lufgkfgk, noûd (gulknd)8 frokturk (nd
gulknd)8 fdsk, dmeitd (onknolkad, fdnfritd)8 lktirok, lktirokj (onknolkad,
fdnfritd)8 fdneuntd ai poizks d fdsks, dfupkfoön d nibdfod, ksuntd, gifgd
(onknolkad, kmstrkftd)8 eubkak, ldvolointd (kffoön)8 jubkr (jubkr)8 prdmjilk d
fuistoön (gifgd).
i) ]IOQI]
]IOQI]KFOKFOÖN5
ÖN5 is unk `drlk ai fdgisoön
fdgisoön jixofkj
jixofkj qui olpjof
olpjofkk jk ripitof
ripitofoön
oön ai
un ìtil jixofkj. Qoini jubkr nd sdjd k trkvïs ai jk ripitofoön
ripitofoön ai un ìtil jixofkj
jixofkj
oaïntofd, sond tklmoïn k trkvïs ai jk dfurrinfok ai un ìtil jixofkj ao`irinti, qui
is
istë
të sost
sostil
ilët
ëtof
ofkl
klin
inti
ti rijk
rijkfo
fodn
dnka
kadd fdn
fdn ij pr prol
olir
irdd fdld
fdld sonösonöno
nold
ld d
supirdraonkad.

`) FD
FDJD
JDFK
FKFO
FOÖN
ÖN55 kpkr
kpkrif
ifii in fukj
fukjqu
quoi
oirr pkr
pkr ai ìtil
ìtilss jixo
jixofk
fkji
jiss qui
qui lk
lknt
ntoi
oini
ninn
intri sì kjbunk rijkfoön jïxofd-silëntofk (in fukntd kj sobno`ofkad ai jks
pkjkmrks) rifdndfomji. Nd sdjd supdni onfjuor sonönolds, fukso-sonönolds y
su
supi
pird
rdra
raon
onka
kads
ds,, so
sond
nd,, tklm
tklmoï
oïn,
n, pkri
pkriss ai dpui
dpuist
stdd ai vkro
vkroks
ks fjks
fjksis
is,,
fdlpjilintkrods, tkjis fdld lufgkfgd/lufgkfgk, pkrkrsi/sintkrsi, itf. Jds
loilmrds ai tkjis fdneuntds istën in unk rijkfoön silëntofk rifdndfomji unds
fdn dtrds8 puiain sir rijkfodnkads fdld pkrtis ai un tdad (kutd/`rind) d
fdld pkrti-pkrti (mdfk, mkrmk), itf. Ij i`iftd fdgisovd ai tkjis pkris aipinai
nd tkntd ai kjbunk rijkfoön silëntofk, fdld ai su tinainfok k fdlpkrtor ij
losld intdrnd jixofkj. Istks rijkfodnis si fdnstruyin k jd jkrbd ai fkainks.
Vi trktk ai un ìtil jixofkj qui trknspdrtk fdn ijjk su prdpok gostdrok tixtukj, un
pkrtofujkr intdrnd fdjdfkfodnkj qui si gk fdnstruoad in ij fursd ai jk frikfoön

6
aij tixtd. Isti intdrnd aitirlonk ij sintoad onstknfokj d sintoad tixtukj aij ìtil
qui is õnofd pkrk fkak onstknfok ispifì`ofk.