10th Maths - Slow Learners - MM - EM - 2023

EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
VILLUPURAM DISTRICT
MATHEMATICS
10
Minimum Material for
Slow Learners
2022-23
BEST WISHES
Mrs. K.Krishnapriya, B.Sc., M.A., B.Ed.,
Chief Educational Officer, Villupuram District.
At the state level, we secured the 11th place in the Government

Public Examination through our hard work and deserve
appreciation.
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"The Struggle you're in Today will definitely develop the strength you need for Tomorrow.
A. Sivamoorthy, Government High School, Perumbakkam, Villupuram District.

Mobile: 9750827997
2
MESSAGE TO TEACHERS
First and Foremost I would like to express by hearty
gratitude to all the teachers who are taking much effort to attain
the outstanding performance in Tenth Public Examination last
year.
Congratulations to all the teachers who are taking atmost
care to improve the level of gifted students as well as the slow
learners with colourful marks.
Still we are in a position to enhance the percentage of X
Standard result in Villupuram District in the State Level.
"In my point of view a dedicated and service - minded
teacher is blessed by the God Over"
Hence it is my appeal to all the Tenth handing teachers to
devote more time for the welfare and upliftment of the poor,
the destitute, the down trodden and the rural pupils fruitfully.
With Best Wishes
Mrs.K.Krishnapriya, B.Sc., M.A., B.Ed.,
Chief Educational Officer, Villupuram District.

3
Preface
This material has been prepared in accordance with The TamilNadu
Government State Board Syllabus. I am very happy to inform you that by practicing
all the problems in this material thoroughly will definitely make the students to
score more than 90 percentage of marks in Mathematics in the Public Examination.
I am in a position to express my hearty gratitude to our respected CEO Madam and
DEO Sir for having encouraged my serious attempt to prepare this material for
the welfare of the students. Constructive criticisms and valuable suggestions are
always welcome.
A. Sivamoorthy,
Government High School,
Perumbakkam,
Villupuram District.
Marks
Chapter Title
1 2 5 8
1 Relations and Functions 2 1 1 -
2 Numbers and Sequences 2 1 1 -
3 Algebra 2 1 1 1
4 Geometry 2 1 1 1
5 Coordinate Geometry 2 1 1 -
6 Trigonometry 1 1 - -
7 Mensuration 2 1 1 -
8 Statistics and Probability 1 2 1 -
Total Questions 14(12) 14(9) 14(7) 2(2)
Total Marks 12 18 35 16
All the Book Back 1 mark questions well,

we can make the students to get atleast 10 marks.
10th Std - Mathematics
4
4 GEOMETRY
1. Construct a triangle similar to a given 3. Construct a triangle similar to a given
2
triangle PQR with its sides equal to 3 of triangle PQR with its sides equal to
5 3
of the corresponding sides of the
the corresponding sides of the triangle PQR 2
triangle PQR (scale factor < 1).
(scale factor 3 < 1) 3
5 P
Solution:
Rough diagram P'
Q R' R
Q1
Q2
Q3
4. Construct a triangle similar to a given

4
triangle LMN with its sides equal to of the
5
corresponding sides of the triangle LMN
4
(scale factor < 1).
5
N X
2. Cons Construct a triangle similar to a given N' M1

7
triangle PQR with its sides equal to of L M1
4
the corresponding sides of the triangle PQR L' M1
7 M1
(scale factor > 1)
4 M1
Solution:
Rough diagram M

6
triangle ABC with its sides equal to
5
of the corresponding sides of the
6
triangle ABC (scale factor > 1). SEP-20
5
A'
A
B
C C'
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
A. SIVAMOORTHY, BT. Asst. GHS, Perumpakkam, Villupuram Dt.

Minimum Material
5
7
triangle PQR with its sides equal to
3
of the corresponding sides of the triangle
7
PQR (scale factor > 1).
3
P'
Q
R R'
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q5 9. Draw a circle of diameter 6 cm from a point
Q6
Q7 P, which is 8 cm away from its centre. Draw
the two tangents PA and PB to the circle and
7. Draw a circle of radius 3 cm. Take a point P
measure their lengths.
on this circle and draw a tangent at P.
Verification: In the right angle triangle OAP.
Solution:
PA2 – OA2 = 64 – 9 = 55
Given, radius r = 3 cm
Rough diagram PA = 55 = 7.4 cm
Solution:
Rough diagram
8. Draw a circle of radius 4 cm. At a point L

on it draw a tangent to the circle using the
alternate segment.
Solution:
Rough diagram
6
10. Draw a circle of radius 4.5 cm. Take a point
on the circle. Draw the tangent at that point
using the alternate segment theorem. A
Solution:
M 4c
m
m
3c
O 5cm P
M
3c
m
N O
B
4.5
cm
L Proof:
In ∆OPA
PA2 = OP2 – OA2
T' = 102 – 52 = 100 – 25 = 75
11. Draw a circle of radius 4.5 cm. Take a point PA = 75 = 8.6 cm (approx)
on the circle. Draw the tangent at that point
13. Take a point which is 11 cm away from the
using the alternate segment theorem.
centre of a circle of radius 4 cm and draw the
Solution: M two tangents to the circle from that point.
Rough Diagram
A
O 4cm 11cm P
N O
B
4.5
cm
L
O
4cm
B 4cm A
T'
4cm
12. Draw the two tangents from a point which

is 10 cm away from the centre of a circle of
radius 5 cm. Also, measure the lengths of the
M
tangents. SEP-20
11cm
10.3
Solution:
c
10.3
Rough Diagram
cm
A
3cm
5cm P
O P Verification:
In ∆OPA AP2 = OP2 – OA2
B
= 112 – 42 = 121 – 16 = 105
AP = 105 = 10.2 cm

Minimum Material
7
14. Draw the two tangents from a point which 15. Draw a tangent to the circle from the point P
is 5 cm away from the centre of a circle of having radius 3.6cm, and centre at O. Point
diameter 6 cm. Also, measure the lengths of P is at a distance 7.2 cm from the centre.
the tangents. SEP-21 Solution: Rough Diagram
Solution: A
Rough Diagram
m
3.6c
A 7.2cm
O P
3cm
O 5cm P B
A
A
6.2c
cm
m
4cm
3.6
3cm
O M 7.2cm
O M 5cm P
3cm P
cm
3.6
3cm
4cm
B B
Verification
In ∆OPA AP2 = OP2 – OA2
Verification:
= 52 – 32 = 25 – 9 = 16
In ∆OPA, PA2 = OP2 – OA2
AP = 16 = 4 cm
= 7.22 – 3.62
= 51.84 – 12.96
= 38.88
PA = 38.88 = 6.2 cm (approx)
***
8
GRAPH
1. Varshika drew 6 circles with different sizes. Draw a graph for the relationship between the
diameter and circumference of each circle as shown in the table and use it to find the circumference
of a circle when its diameter is 6 cm.
Diameter (x) cm 1 2 3 4 5
Circumference (y) cm 3.1 6.2 9.3 12.4 15.5
Solution:
I. Table (Given)
Diameter(x) cm 1 2 3 4 5
Circumference
3.1 6.2 9.3 12.4 15.5
(y) cm
II. Variation:
When ‘x’ increases, ‘y’ also increases. Thus, the
variation is a direct variation.
Let y = kx, where k is a constant of proportionality.
From the given values, we have,
k = y = 3.1 = 6.2 = 9.3 = 12.4 = .... = 3.1
x 1 2 3 4
y = 3.1x
III. Points
(1, 3.1) (2, 6.2) (3, 9.3), (4, 12.4), (5, 15.5)
IV. Solution:
From the graph, when diameter is 6 cm, its
circumference is 18.6 cm.
Verify: When x = 6, y = (3.1) × 6 = 18.6
2. A bus is travelling at a uniform speed of 50 km/hr. Draw the distance-time graph and hence find
(i) the constant of variation (ii) how far will it travel in 1½ hr
(iii) the time required to cover a distance of 300 km from the graph.
Solution: I. Table
Time taken x
60 120 180 240 300 360
(in minutes)
Distance y
50 100 150 200 250 300
(in km)
II. Variation:
When ‘x’ increases, ‘y’ also increases.
Thus, the variation is a direct variation.
y 50 100 5 5
= = = Equation y = x
x 60 120 6 6
III. Points: (60, 50), (120, 100), (180, 150),
(240, 200), (300, 250)
IV. Solution:
y 5
(i) the constant of variation k = =
x 6
(ii) the bus will travel 75 km in 90 mins
5 450
(verify : y = × 90 = = 75)
6 6
(iii) from the graph, the time required to cover
a distance of 300 km is 360 minutes.

Minimum Material
9
3. A company initially started with 40 workers to complete the work by 150 days. Later, it decided
to fasten up the work increasing the number of workers as shown below.
Number of workers (x) 40 50 60 75
Number of days (y) 150 120 100 80
(i) Graph the above data and identify the type of variation. (ii) From the graph, find the number
of days required to complete the work if the company decides to opt for 120 workers? (iii) If the
work has to be completed by 30 days, how many workers are required?
Solution: I. Table (Given)
Number of workers 40 50 60 75
(x)
Number of days (y) 150 120 100 80
II. Variation:
When ‘x’ increases, ‘y’ also decreases. Hence,
inverse variation. i.e. xy = k
xy = 40 × 150 = 50 × 120 = ….. 6000 (k)
Required Equation xy = 6000
III. Points: (40, 150) (50, 120) (60, 100), (75, 80)
IV. Solution:
(i) Inverse Variation
(ii) When x = 120 120 × y = 6000
6000
y= = 50. Also from the graph, the No. of
120
days required to complete the work if the company
decides to opt for 120 workers is 50 days.
6000
(iii) When y = 200 x × 200 = 6000 x =
200
= 30. Also from the graph, the No. of workers
required to complete in 200 days is 30.
4. Nishanth is the winner in a Marathon race of 12 km distance. He ran at the uniform speed of 12
km/hr and reached the destination in 1 hour. He was followed by Aradhana, Ponmozhi, Jeyanth,
Sathya and Swetha with their respective speed of 6 km/hr, 4 km/hr, 3 km/hr and 2 km/hr. And,
they covered the distance in 2 hrs, 3 hrs, 4 hrs and 6 hours respectively. Draw the speed-time
graph and use it to find the time taken to Kaushik with his speed of 2.4 km/hr.
Solution: I. Table:
Speed x(km / hr) 12 6 4 3 2
Time y (hours) 1 2 3 4 6
II. Variation:
From the table, we observe that as x decreases,
y increases. Hence, the type is inverse variation.
Let y = xy = k, k > 0 is called the constant
of variation.
k = 12 × 1 = 6 × 2 = … = 2 × 6 =12 (k)
Therefore, xy = 12.
III. Points: (12, 1), (6, 2), (4, 3), (3, 4), (2, 6)
IV. Solution:
When x = 2.4 2.4× y = 12.
12
y = =5
2.4
Also, from the graph, the time taken to Kaushik
with his speed of 2.4 km / hr is 5 hours .
10
5. A garment shop announces a flat 50% discount on every purchase of items for their customers.
Draw the graph for the relation between the Marked Price and the Discount. Hence find
(i) the marked price when a customer gets a discount of ₹ 3250 (from graph)
(ii) the discount when the marked price is ₹ 2500
Solution: I. Table (Given) Y
Scale
Marked Price x-axis – 1 cm – 1000 units
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
` (x) y-axis – 1 cm – 500 units
Discounted 5500
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Price ` (y)
5000
II. Variation:
4500
When ‘x’ increases, ‘y’ also increases. Thus, the
variation is a direct variation. 4000
Let y = kx, where k is a constant of proportionality.
3500
Discount
From the given values, we have, 3250
y 500 1000 1 3000 (6000, 3000)
k= = = = …. =
x 1000 2000 2
1 2500 (5000, 2500)
Required Equation is y = x
2 2000 (4000, 2000)
III. Points: (1000, 500), (2000, 1000), (3000,
1500), (4000, 2000), (5000, 2500), (6000, 3000) 1500 (3000, 1500)
1250
1000
IV. Solution: (2000, 1000)
(i) From the graph, when a discount price is ` 500 (1000, 500)
3250, the marked price is ` 6500
(ii) From the graph, when the marked price is ` X’ O X
2500
6500
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
2500, the discounted price is ` 1250
Verify: When x = 6, y = (3.1) × 6 = 18.6 Y’ Market Price
6. Draw the graph of xy = 24, x, y > 0. Using the graph find,

(i) y when x = 3 and (ii) x when y = 6.
Solution: Y Scale
x-axis – 1 cm – 2 units
I. Table: (Given) 28
y-axis – 1 cm – 2 units
x 1 2 3 4 6 12 24 26
y 24 12 8 6 4 2 1 24 (1, 24)
II. Variation: 22
When ‘x’ increases, ‘y’ also decreases. 20
Hence, inverse variation. 18
i.e. xy = k 16
xy = 1 × 24 = 2 × 12 = …..12×2 = 24
14
Required Equation xy = 24
12 (2, 12)
III. Points:
(1, 24), (2, 12), (3, 8), (4, 6), (6, 4), (12, 2) 10
8 (3, 8)
IV. Solution:
24 (4, 6)
(i) x = 3 3×y = 24 y= =8 y=8 6
3 4
(6, 4)
(8, 3)
24 (12, 2)
(ii) y = 6 x×6 = 24 x = =4 x=4 2 (24, 1)
6
Also, Verified in the Graph.
X’ 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 X
Y’

Minimum Material
11
7. Graph the following linear function y =1/2 x. Identify the constant of variation and verify it with
the graph. Also (i) find y when x = 9 (ii) find x when y = 7.5.
Solution: I. Table: (Given)
Y Scale
x 2 4 6 8 10 x-axis – 1 cm – 1 units
9
y 1 2 3 4 5 y-axis – 1 cm – 1 units
II. Variation: 8
7.5
When ‘x’ increases, ‘y’ also increases. 7
Thus, the variation is a direct variation.
Let y = kx, where k is a constant of 6
proportionality. From the given values, 5
we have, 4.5
y 1 2 3 1 4
k= = = = = …. =
x 2 4 6 2
1 3
Required Equation is y = x
2 2
III. Points: (2, 1), (4, 2), (6, 3), (8, 4), (10, 5)
1
IV. Solution:
From the graph, when x = 9, y = 4.5
X’ O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 X
From the graph, when y = 7.5, x = 15 Y’
8.
The following table shows the data about the number of pipes and the time taken to till the same tank.
No. of pipes (x) 2 3 6 9
Time Taken (in min) (y) 45 30 15 10
Draw the graph for the above data and hence
(i) find the time taken to fill the tank when five pipes are used
(ii) find the number of pipes when the time is 9 minutes.
Solution: Y
46
I. Table (Given): 44
Scale
x-axis – 1 cm – 1 units
y-axis – 1 cm – 2 units
No. of pipes (x) 2 3 6 9 42
Time Taken (in 40

45 30 15 10
min) (y) 38
36
II. Variation: 34
When ‘x’ increases, ‘y’ also decreases. Hence, 32
inverse variation. i.e. xy = k 30
Time Taken
xy = 2×45 = 3×30 = …..6×15 = 9×10 = 90 28
Required Equation xy = 90 26
24
III. Points: (2, 45), (3, 30), (6, 15), (9, 10) 22
IV. Solution: 20
x = 5 5 × y = 90 18
90
y= =18 (Verified with Graph) 16
5 14
Hence, the time taken to fill the tank when 12
five pipes are used is 18. 10
y = 9 x × 9 = 90 8
90 6
x= = 10 (Verified with Graph) 4
9
Hence, the No. of pipes when the time 9 2
minutes is 10 X’ O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 X
Y’ Number of Pipes
12
9. A school announces that for a certain competitions, the cash price will be distributed for all the
participants equally as show below
No. of participants (x) 2 4 6 8 10
Amount for each participant in ₹ (y) 180 90 60 45 36
(i) Find the constant of variation.
(ii) Graph the above data and hence, find how much will each participant get if the number of
participants are 12. 190 Y
Solution: I. Table(Given) 180

Scale
x-axis: 1 cm = 1 units
170
No. of participants y-axis: 1 cm = 10 units
2 4 6 8 10 160
(x) 150
Amount for each 140

180 90 60 45 36
participant in ` (y) 130
II. Variation:
Amount for each participants

120
When ‘x’ increases, ‘y’ also decreases.

110
Hence, inverse variation. i.e. xy = k

100
90
xy = 2×180 = 4×90 = …..10×36 = 360 = k
80
Required Equation xy = 360 70
III. Points: (2,180), (4,90), (6,60), (8,45), (10,36) 60
IV. Solution: 50
Constant of Variation: k = 360 40
When x = 12 xy = 360 12y = 360 30

360
y= = 30 (Verified with Graph) 20
12 10
Hence, When the number of participants X
X’ O
are 12, then each participant will get `30 Y’
1 2 3 4 5 6
Number of Participants
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
10. A two wheeler parking zone near bus stand charges as below.
Time (in hours) (x) 4 8 12 24
Amount ₹ (y) 60 120 180 360
Check if the amount charged are in direct variation or in inverse variation to the parking time.
Graph the data. Also (i) find the amount to be paid when parking time is 6 hr; (ii) find the
parking duration when the amount paid is ₹150. 380
Y
)
60
360
I. Table (Given):
,3
Scale
Solution: x-axis – 1 cm – 2 units (24
340 y-axis – 1 cm – 20 units
Time ( in hours) (x) 4 8 12 24 320
Amount ` (y) 60 120 180 360 300
II. Variation: 280
When ‘x’ increases, ‘y’ also increases. 260
Thus, the variation is a direct variation. 240
220
Let y = kx, where k is a constant of
200
proportionality. From the given values, we
Amount
)
80
180
have,
,1
y 60 120 180 360

(12
160
k= = = = …. = = 15 = k 150
x 4 8 12 24 140
Required Equation is y = 15x

0)
120
12
(8
III. Points: (4, 60), (8, 120), (12, 180), (24, 360) 100
90
IV. Solution: 80
60
)
From the graph, when parking time is 6 hours,

60
(4,
40
then the amount to be paid is ` 90. 20
From the graph, when them amount paid is X
1510, then the parking duration is 10 hours. X’ 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26

Y’ Time

Minimum Material
13
B × A = {2, 3, 5, 7} × {1, 2, 3}
1. Relations and Functions = {(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (3, 1), (3, 2),
2 Marks (3, 3), (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (7, 1),
1. I f A×B = {(3, 2), (3, 4), (5, 2), (5, 4)} then find (7, 2), (7, 3)}
A and B. SEP-20 4. I f B × A = {(−2, 3), (−2, 4), (0, 3), (0, 4),
Solution: (3, 3), (3, 4)} find A and B.
A×B = {(3, 2), (3, 4), (5, 2), (5, 4)} then Solution:
A = {Set of all first coordinates of elements of A = {Set of all second coordinates of elements
A × B} A = {3, 5} of B × A} A = {3, 4}
B = {Set of all second coordinates of elements B = {Set of all first coordinates of elements of
of A × B} B = {2, 4} B × A} B = {–2, 0, 3}
Thus A = {3, 5} and B = {2, 4} Thus, A = {3, 4} B = {–2, 0, 3}
2. Find A × B, A × A and B × A 5. T
he arrow diagram shows a relationship
i) A={2, −2, 3} and B = {1,−4} between the sets P and Q. Write the relation
ii) A = B = {p, q} in
iii) A = {m, n} ; B = f
Solution:
i. A × B = {2, –2, 3} × {1, –4}
= {(2, 1), (2, –4), (–2, 1), (–2, –4), (3, 1),
(3, –4)} (i) Set builder form (ii) Roster form
A × A = {2, –2, 3} × {2, –2, 3} (iii) What is the domain and range of R.
= {(2, 2), (2, –2), (2, 3), (–2, 2), (–2, –2),
Solution:
(–2, 3), (3, 2), (3, –2), (3, 3)}
i. et builder form of R = {(x, y) | y = x – 2, x P,
S
B × A = {1, –4} ×{2, –2, 3}
y Q}
= {(1, 2), (1, –2), (1, 3), (–4, 2), (–4, –2),
(–4, 3)} ii. Roster form R = {(5, 3), (6, 4), (7, 5)}
iii. Domain of R = {5, 6, 7} and range of
ii. Given A = B = {p, q}
A × B = {p, q} × {p, q} R = {3, 4, 5}
= {(p, p), (p, q), (q, p),(q ,q)} 6. L
et X = {1, 2, 3, 4} and Y = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10} and
A × A = {p, q} × p, q} R = {(1, 2), (2, 4), (3, 6), (4, 8)}. Show that R
= {(p, p), (p, q), (q, p),(q ,q)} is a function and find its domain, co-domain
B × A = {p, q} × {p, q} and range?
= {(p, p), (p, q), (q, p),(q ,q)} Solution:
iii. A = {m, n}, B = φ

A × B = {(m, n) × { } = { }
A × A = {(m, n) } × {m, n}
= {(m, m), (m, n), (n, m), (n,n)}
B × A = { } × {m, n} = { }
Pictorial representation of R is given diagram,
et A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {x | x is a prime
3. L
From the diagram, we see that for each
number less than 10}. Find A × B and
x X, there exists only one y Y.
B × A. MAY-22
Thus all elements in X have only one image in Y.
Solution:
Therefor R is a function.
A = {1, 2, 3} B = {2, 3, 5, 7}
Domain X = {1, 2, 3, 4}
A × B = {1, 2, 3} × {2, 3, 5, 7}
Co-domain Y = { 2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
= {(1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 5), (1, 7),
(2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 5), (2, 7), Range of f ={2, 4, 6, 8}
(3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 5), (3, 7)}
14
7. L
et A = {1, 2, 3, 4, ..., 45} and R be the –6 x2 + 12x – 6 = 0 ÷ –6
relation defined as “is square of a number” x2 – 2x + 1 = 0
on A. Write R as a subset of A×A. Also, find (x – 1) (x – 1) = 0 x = 1, 1
the domain and range of R. SEP-21
11. Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and B = N.
Solution:
Let f : A→ B be defined by f(x) = x3 then,
A = {1, 2, 3, …., 45} (i) find the range of f (ii) identify the type of
R = {(1, 1), (2, 4), (3, 9), (4, 16), (5, 25), function.
(6, 36)} Solution:
R (A × A) A = {1, 2, 3, 4}, B = N
Domain of R = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} f : A → B, f(x) = x3
Range of R = {1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36} f(1) = (1)3 = 1; f(2) = (2)3 = 8;
Relation R is given by the set {(x, y) /y = x +
8. A f(3) = (3)3 = 27; f(4) = (4)3 = 64
3, x {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}}. Determine its domain i) Range of f ={1, 8, 27, 64}
and range. ii) It is one-one and into function.
Solution:
5 Marks
x = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
f(x) = y = x + 3 1. If A = {1, 3, 5} and B = {2, 3} then
f(0) = 3; f(1) = 4; f(2) = 5; (i) find A×B and B×A.
f(3) = 6; f(4) = 7; f(5) = 8 (ii) Is A×B = B×A? If not why?
R = {(0, 3), (1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6), (4, 7), (5, 8)} (iii) Show that n(A×B) = n(B×A) = n(A)× n(B)
Domain of R = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} SEP-21
Range of R = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8} Solution:
iven the function f: x → x2 − 5x + 6, evaluate
9. G Given that A = {1, 3, 5} and B = {2, 3}
(i) f (–1) (ii) f (2a) (iii) f (2) (iv) f (x −1) i. A × B = {1, 3, 5} ×{2 × 3}
Solution: = {(1,2), (1,3), (3,2), (3,3), (5,2), (5,3)}
Given: f: x → x2 – 5x + 6 ………(1)
f(x) = x2 – 5x + 6 B × A = {2 × 3} × {1, 3, 5}
i. f(–1) = (–1)2 – 5(–1) + 6 = {(2,1), (2,3), (2,5), (3,1), (3,3), (3,5)}
= 1+5+6 ………(2)
= 12 ii. From (1) and (2) we conclude that
A × B ≠ B × A as (1, 2) ≠ (2, 1) and
ii. f(2a) = (2a)2 – 5(2a) + 6
(1, 3) ≠ (3, 1) etc
= 4a2 – 10a + 6
iii. f(2) = (2)2 – 5(2) + 6 iii. n(A) = 3; n(B) = 2
= 4 –10 + 6 From (1) and (2) we observe that,
= 0 n(A × B) = n(B × A) = 6;
We see that, n(A) × n(B) = 3 × 2 = 6
iv. f(x – 1) = (x – 1)2 – 5(x – 1) + 6
Thus, n(A × B) = n(B × A) = n(A) × n(B).
= x2 – 2x + 1 – 5x + 5 + 6
= x2 – 7x + 12 2. Let A = {x N | 1< x<4}, B = {x W| 0≤x<2}
and C = {x N | x<3}. Then verify that
10. A
function f is defined by f(x) = 3 − 2x.
(i) A × (B C) = (A × B) (A × C)
Find x such that f(x2) = (f(x))2.
(ii) A × (B C) = (A × B) (A × C)
Solution:
Solution:
f(x) = 3 – 2x
Given A = {x N | 1 < x < 4} = {2, 3},
f(x2) = [f(x)]2
B = {x W | 0 ≤ x < 2} = {0, 1},
3 – 2x2 = [3 – 2x]2
C = {x N |x < 3} = {1, 2}
3 – 2x2 = 9 + 4x2 – 12x
3 – 2x2 – 9 – 4x2 + 12x = 0
Minimum Material
15
i.A × ( B C)=(A × B) (A × C) (B × B) (C × C)
B C = {0,1} {1, 2} = {0, 1, 2} = {(5, 5), (5, 6), (6, 5), (6, 6)} ..... (2)
A × (B C) From (1) and (2). LHS = RHS
= {2, 3} × {0, 1, 2} 4. G
iven A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {2, 3, 5},
= {(2, 0), (2, 1), (2, 2), (3, 0), (3, 1), (3, 2)} C = {3, 4} and D = {1, 3, 5}, check if
..... (1) (A C) × (B D) = (A×B) (C × D) is true?
A × B = {2, 3} ×{0, 1} Solution:
= (2, 0), (2, 1), (3, 0), (3, 1)} A C = {1, 2, 3} {3, 4}
A × C = {2, 3} × {1, 2} A C = {3},
= {(2, 1), (2, 2), (3, 1), (3, 2)} B D = {2, 3, 5} {1, 3, 5}
(A × B ) (A × C ) B D = {3, 5}
= {(2,0), (2,1), (3, 0), (3,1) } {(2,1), (2, 2), (A C) × (B D)
(3, 1), (3, 2)} = {3} × {3, 5} = {(3, 3), (3, 5)} ..... (1)
= {(2, 0), (2, 1), (2, 2), (3,0) , (3, 1), (3, 2)} A × B = {1, 2, 3} × {2, 3, 5}
..... (2) = {(1, 2), (1, 3), (1,5), (2, 2), (2, 3),
From (1) = (2). (2, 5),(3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 5)}
A × (B C)=(A × B) (A × C) is verified. C × D = {3, 4} × {1, 3, 5}
= {(3, 1), (3, 3), (3, 5), (4, 1), (4, 3),
ii. A × ( B C) = (A × B) (A × C)
(4, 5)}
B C = {0, 1} {1, 2} = {1}
(A × B) (C × D) = {(3, 3), (3, 5)} ..... (2)
A × (B C ) = {2, 3} × {1}
(1), (2) are equal.
= {(2, 1), (3, 1)} ..... (1)
(A C) × (B D) = (A × B) (C × D)
A × B = {2, 3} × {0, 1}
Hence it is verified.
= {(2, 0), (2, 1), (3, 0), (3, 1)}
A × C = {2, 3} × {1, 2} 5. Let A = {x W | x < 2}, B = {x N |1 < x ≤ 4}
and C = {3, 5}. Verify that
= {(2, 1), (2, 2), (3, 1), (3, 2)}
(i) A×(B C) = (A×B) (A×C)
(A × B) (A × C)
(ii) A×(B C)=(A×B) (A×C) SEP-21
= {(2, 0), (2, 1), (3, 0), (3, 1)} ∩ {(2, 1), (2, 2),
(iii) (A B) × C = (A × C) (B × C)
(3, 1), (3, 2)}
Solution:
= {(2, 1), (3, 1)} ..... (2)
(1) = (2) Given:
A = {x W / x < 2} A = {0, 1}
A × (B C) = (A × B) (A × C)
B = {x N / 1< x ≤ 4}
Hence it is Verified
B = {2, 3, 4}; C = {3, 5}
3. I f A = {5, 6}, B = {4, 5, 6}, C = {5, 6, 7}, Show
i. A × (B C) = (A × B) (A × C)
that A × A = (B × B) (C × C).
B C = {2, 3, 4} { 3, 5}
Solution:
B C = {2, 3, 4, 5}
Given A = {5, 6}, B = {4, 5, 6}, C = {5, 6, 7}
A×(B C) = {0, 1} × {2, 3, 4, 5}
LHS: ={(0, 2), (0, 3), (0, 4), (0, 5), (1, 2),
A × A = {5, 6} × {5, 6} (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5)} ..... (1)
= {(5, 5), (5, 6), (6, 5), (6, 6)} ..... (1) A × B = {0, 1} × {2, 3, 4}
RHS = (B × B) (C × C). = {(0, 2), (0, 3), (0, 4), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4)}
B × B = {4, 5, 6} × {4, 5, 6} A × C = {0, 1} × {3, 5}
= {(4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6), (5, 4), (5, 5), = {(0, 3), (0, 5), (1, 3), (1, 5)}
(5, 6), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)} (A × B) (A × C)
C × C = {5, 6, 7} × {5, 6, 7} = {(0, 2), (0, 3), (0,4), (0,5), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4),
= {(5, 5), (5, 6), (5, 7), (6, 5), (6, 6), (1,5)} ..... (2)
(6, 7), (7, 5), (7, 6), (7, 7)} (1) = (2) Hence Verified.
16
ii. A × (B C) = (A × B) (A × C) ii. To verify A × (B – C)=(A × B) – (A × C)
B C ={2, 3, 4} { 3, 5} = {3} B – C = {2, 3, 5, 7} – {2} = {3, 5, 7}
A × (B C) = {(0, 3), (1, 3)} ..... (1) A×(B – C) = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}×{3, 5, 7}
A × B = {0, 1} × {2, 3, 4} = {(1,3), (1,5), (1,7), (2,3), (2,5),
= {(0,2), (0,3), (0,4), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4)} (2,7), (3,3), (3,5), (3, 7), (4,3),
A × C = {0,1} × { 3, 5} (4,5), (4,7), (5,3), (5,5), (5,7),
= {(0,3), (0,5), (1,3), (1,5)} (6,3), (6,5), (6,7), (7,3), (7,5),
(A × B) (A × C) = {(0, 3), (1, 3)} ..... (2) (7,7)} ..... (1)
(1) = (2). Hence Proved. A × B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} × {2, 3, 5, 7}
= {(1,2), (1,3), (1,5), (1,7), (2,2), (2,3),
iii. (A B) × C = (A × C) (B × C) (2,5), (2,7), (3,2), (3,3), (3,5), (3,7),
A B = {0, 1} {2, 3, 4} (4,2), (4,3), (4,5), (4,7), (5,2), (5,3),
= { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4} (5,5), (5,7), (6,2), (6,3), (6,5),(6,7),
(A B) × C = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4} × {3, 5} (7,2), (7,3), (7,5), (7,7)}
= {(0,3), (0,5), (1,3), (1,5), (2,3), (2,5), (3,3), A × C = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} × {2}
(3,5) , (4,3), (4,5)} ..... (1) = {(1,2), (2,2), (3,2), (4,2), (5,2), (6,2),
A × C = {0, 1} × {3, 5} (7,2)}
= {(0,3), (0,5), (1,3), (1,5)} (A × B) – (A × C)
B × C = {2, 3, 4} × {3, 5} = {(1,3), (1,5), (1,7), (2,3), (2,5), (2,7), (3,3),
= {(2,3), (2,5), (3,3), (3,5), (4,3), (4,5)} (3,5), (3,7), (4,3), (4,5), (4,7), (5,3), (5,5),
(A × C) (B × C) (5,7), (6,3), (6,5), (6,7), (7,3), (7,5), (7,7)}
= {(0, 3), (0, 5), (1, 3), (1, 5), (2, 3), (2, 5), ..... (2)
(3, 3), (3, 5), (4, 3), (4, 5)} ..... (2) (1), (2) are equal.
From (1) and (2) LHS = RHS. A × (B – C) = (A × B) – (A × C).
Hence it is verified.
6. Let A = The set of all natural numbers less
than 8, B = The set of all prime numbers less 7. Let A = {3, 4, 7, 8} and B = {1, 7, 10}. Which
than 8, C = The set of even prime number. of the following sets are relations from A to
Verify that B?
(i) (A B) × C = (A × C) (B × C) SEP-20 (i) R1 = {(3, 7), (4, 7), (7, 10), (8, 1)}
(ii) A × (B − C) = (A × B) − (A × C) MAY-22 (ii) R2 = {(3, 1), (4, 12)}
Solution: (iii) R3 = {(3, 7), (4, 10), (7, 7), (7, 8), (8, 11),
Given A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} (8, 7), (8, 10)}
B = {2, 3, 5, 7} C = {2} Solution:
To verify (A B) × C = (A × C) (B × C) A × B = {(3,1), (3,7), (3,10), (4,1), (4,7),
A B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} {2, 3, 5, 7} (4,10), (7,1), (7,7), (7,10), (8,1),
(8,7), (8,10)}
= {2, 3, 5, 7}
i. We note that, R1 A × B.
(A B) × C = {2, 3, 5, 7} × {2}
Thus R1 is a relation from A and B.
(A B) × C = {(2,2), (3,2), (5,2), (7,2)}
.....(1) ii. H
ere (4, 12) R2 , but (4, 12) A × B.
A × C = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} × {2} So R2 is not a relation from A to B.
= {(1,2), (2,2), (3,2), (4,2), (5,2), (6,2), iii. H
ere (7, 8) R3 , but (7, 8) A × B.
(7,2)} So R3 is not a relation from A to B.
B × C = {2, 3, 5, 7} × {2} 8. L
et A = {1, 2, 3, 7} and B = {3, 0, –1, 7}, which
= {(2,2), (3,2), (5,2), (7,2)} of the following are relation from A to B ?
(A × C) (B × C) (i) R1 = {(2, 1), (7, 1)} (ii) R2 = {(–1, 1)}
= {(2, 2), (3, 2), (5, 2), (7, 2)} ..... (2) (iii) R3 = {(2, –1), (7, 7), (1, 3)}
From (1) and (2), LHS = RHS (iv) R4 = {(7, –1), (0, 3), (3, 3), (0, 7)}

Minimum Material
17
Solution: c) Roster Form
Given A = {1, 2, 3, 7} and B = {3, 0, –1, 7} {(2, 1), (4, 2)}
A×B ii. {(x, y)| y = x + 3,
= {1, 2, 3, 7} × {3, 0, –1, 7} x, y are natural numbers < 10}
= {(1, 3),(1, 0), (1, –1), (1, 7), (2, 3), (2, 0), Solution:
(2, –1), (2, 7), (3, 3), (3, 0), (3, –1), (3, 7), f (x) = x + 3;
(7, 3), (7, 0), (7, –1), (7, 7)}
f (1) = 4; f (2) = 5; f (3) = 6;
i. R1 = {(2, 1), (7, 1)} , (2, 1) R1 f (4) = 7; f (5) = 8 ; f (6) =9
but (2, 1) A × B
a) An Arrow diagram
R1 is not a relation from A to B.
x R y
ii. R2 = {(–1, 1)}, (–1, 1) R2 1 1
but (–1, 1) A × B 2 2
R2 is not a relation from A to B. 3 3
iii. R
3 = {(2, –1), (7, 7), (1, 3)} 4 4
We note that R3 A × B 5 5
R3 is a relation. 6 6
iv. R4 = {(7, –1), (0, 3), (3, 3), (0, 7)}, (0, 3), 7 7
(0, 7) R4 but not in A × B. 8 8
R4 is not a relation from A to B. 9 9
9. R
epresent each of the given relations by (a) b) Graph
an arrow diagram, (b) a graph and (c) a set
9 (6, 9)
in roster form, wherever possible.
(i) {(x, y)|x = 2y, x {2, 3, 4, 5}, y {1, 2, 3, 4} 8 (5, 8)
(ii) {(x, y)| y = x + 3, 7 (4, 6)
x, y are natural numbers < 10}
6 (3, 6)
Solution:
i. {(x, y)|x = 2y, x {2, 3, 4, 5}, y {1, 2, 3, 4} 5 (2, 5)
x = 2y 4 (1, 4)
x 2 3
f(x) = ; f(2) = = 1; f(3) = ; 3
2 2 2
4 2
f(4) = = 2; f(5) =
2 1
a) An Arrow diagram 0
1 2 3 4 5 6
x R y
2 1 c) Roster Form
3 2 (1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6), (4, 7), (5, 8), (6, 9)}
4 3 10. A
company has four categories of employees
5 4 given by Assistants (A), Clerks (C),
b) Graph Managers (M) and an Executive Officer (E).
The company provide ` 10,000, ` 25,000,
4 ` 50,000 and ` 1,00,000 as salaries to the
people who work in the categories A, C, M
3 and E respectively. If A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5
2 (4, 2) were Assistants; C1, C2, C3, C4 were Clerks;
M1, M2, M3 were managers and E1, E2 were
1 (2, 1)
Executive officers and if the relation R is
1 2 3 4 defined by xRy, where x is the salary given to
18
person y, express the relation R through an ii) Table
ordered pair and an arrow diagram. x 1 2 3 4
Solution: y 2 5 8 11
a) Ordered Pair:
iii) Set of Ordered pairs
{(10000, A1), (10000, A2), (10000, A3), (10000,
A4), (10000, A5) (25000, C1), (25000, C2), {(1, 2), (2, 5), (3, 8), (4, 11)}
(25000, C3), (25000, C4), (50000, M1), (50000, iv) Graphical Form
M2), (50000, C3) (100000, E1), (100000, E2)}
b) Arrow Diagram: 12
y (4, 11)
x R 10
A1
8 (3, 8)
A2
10000 A3 6
A4 (2, 5)
4
A5
C1 2 (1, 2)
25000 C2 0 1
C3 2 3 4
C4 12. L
et f be a function f : N → N be defined by
f (x) = 3x +2, x N
M1
(i) Find the images of 1, 2, 3
50000 M2
M3 (ii) Find the pre-images of 29, 53
100000
(iii) Identify the type of function
E1 Solution:
E2 The function f : N→ N be defined by
f(x) = 3x + 2
11. L
et A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and B = {2, 5, 8, 11, 14} be i. If x = 1, f(1) = 3(1) + 2 = 5
two sets. Let f : A → B be a function given by If x = 2, f(2) = 3(2) + 2 = 8; If x = 3,
f(x) = 3x − 1. Represent this function
f(3) = 3(3) + 2 = 11
(i) by arrow diagram
(ii) in a table form The images of 1, 2, 3 are 5, 8, 11 respectively.
(iii) as a set of ordered pairs ii. I f x is the pre-image of 29, then f(x) = 29.
(iv) in a graphical form SEP-20 Hence 3x + 2 = 29 ; 3x = 27 x = 9.
Similarly, if x is the pre-image of 53 then
Solution:
f(x) = 53. Hence 3x + 2 = 53
A = {1, 2, 3, 4}, B = {2, 5, 8, 11, 14}
3x = 53 – 2 3x = 51 x = 17.
f(x) = 3x – 1
Thus the pre-image of 29 and 53 are 9 and 17
f(1) = 3(1) – 1 = 3 – 1 = 2; respectively.
f(2) = 3(2) – 1 = 6 – 1 = 5 f(3) = 3(3) – 1
iii. S
ince different elements of N have different
= 9 – 1 = 8;
images in the co-domain, the function f is one-
f(4) = 3(4) – 1 = 12 – 1 = 11. one function. The co-domain of f is N. But the
R = {(1, 2), (2, 5), (3, 8), (4, 11)} range of f = {5, 8, 11, 14, 17,….}is a proper
i) Arrow Diagram subset of N . Therefore f is not an onto function.
x y That is, f is an into function. Thus f is one-one
1 2 and into functions.
2 5 13. Let f : A → B be a function defined by
3 8 x
f(x) = − 1 where A = {2, 4, 6, 10, 12},
4 11 2
14 B = {0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 9} . Represent f by

Minimum Material
19
i) set of ordered pairs ii) a table ii) Table Form:
iii) an arrow diagram iv) a graph x 1 2 3 4 5
Solution: f(x) 2 2 2 3 4
x
Given f(x) = –1 iii) Graph
2
x = 2 f(2) = 1 – 1 = 0
x = 4 f(4) = 2 – 1 = 1 6
x = 6 f(6) = 3 – 1 = 2 5
x = 10 f(10) = 5 – 1 = 4 4 (5, 4)
x = 12 f(12) = 6 – 1 = 5
3 (4, 3)
i) Set of Ordered Pairs: (2, 2)
2
f = {(2, 0), (4, 1), (6, 2), (10, 4), (12, 5)} (1, 2) (3, 2)
1
ii) Table
0
x 2 4 6 10 12 1 2 3 4 5 6
f(x) 0 1 2 4 5
***
iii) Arrow Diagram
1
f
0 2. Numbers and Sequences
2 1 2 Marks
3 2
1. ‘ a’ and ‘b’ are two positive integers such that
4 3
ab ×ba = 800. Find ‘a’ and ‘b’.
5 4
Solution:
iv) Graph 800 = ab × ba
2 800
6 2 400
5 (12, 5) 2 200
4 (10, 4) 2 100
2 50
3 5 25
2 (6, 2) 5
1 (4, 1)
(2, 0) 800 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 5
0 = 25 × 52
2 4 6 8 10 12
a = 2 , b = 5 (or) a = 5, b = 2
14. Represent the function
f = {(1, 2), (2, 2), (3, 2), (4, 3), (5, 4)} through 2. Find the HCF of 252525 and 363636.
(i) an arrow diagram Solution:
(ii) a table form 2 363636 5 252525
(iii) a graph 2 181818 5 50505
3 90909 3 10101
Solution:
3 30303 7 3367
i) Arrow Diagram
3 10101 13 481
f
1 7 3367 37 37
2 2 13 481 1
3 3 37 37
4 4 1
5
252525 = 3 × 52 × 7 × 13 × 37
20
3 3
363636 = 2 × 3 × 7 × 13 × 37 we put n = 18 in
H.C.F of 252525 and 363636 an = n2 +1
= 3 × 7 × 13 × 37 Thus, the eighteenth term a18 = 182 + 1 = 325.
= 10101. 6. F
ind the indicated terms of the sequences
a b
3. If 13824 = 2 × 3 then find a and b. MAY-22 whose nth terms are given by
5n
Solution: 2 13824 (i) an = ; a and a13
n+2 6
2 6912 (ii) an = −(n2 – 4); a4 and a11
2 3456
Solution:
2 1728 5n
2 864 i. an =
n+2
2 432
30 15 65 13
2 216 a6 = = ; a13 = =
8 4 15 3
2 108
2 54 ii. an = – (n2 – 4)
3 27 a4 = – (16 – 4) = –12;
3 9 a11 = – (121 – 4) = –117
3 7. Find a8 and a15 whose nth term is
13824 = 29 × 33  n2 − 1
 ; n is even, n Î N
a = 9, b = 3 an =  n +2 3
4. F
ind the LCM and HCF of 408 and 170  n ; n is odd , n Î N
 2n + 1
by applying the fundamental theorem of
arithmetic. Solution:
n2 − 1
Solution: To find a8 here n is even, so an =
n+3
2 408 2 170 64 − 1 63
a8 = =
2 204 5 85 11 11
n2
2 102 17 To find a15, here n is odd, so an =
2n + 1
3 51 (15)2 225
a15 = =
17 30 + 1 31
408 = 23 × 3 × 17 8. Find the 19th term of an A.P. –11, –15, –19, ...
170 = 2 × 5 × 17 Solution:
H.C.F. of 408 & 170 = 2 × 17 = 34 General Form of an A.P. is tn = a + (n–1)d
L.C.M. of 408 & 170 = 23 × 3 × 5 × 17 a = –11; d = –15+11 = –4; n = 19
= 2040 t19 = –11 + 18(–4)
= –11 – 72
5. The general term of a sequence is defined as
t19 = –83
ìn(n + 3); n ∈ N is odd
an = í 2 9. W
hich term of an A.P. 16, 11, 6, 1,... is –54 ?
în + 1 ; n ∈ N is even
MAY-22
Find the eleventh and eighteenth terms.
Solution:
Solution:
 l − a

To find a11, since 11 is odd, n=  +1
 d 
we put n = 11 in
an = n (n + 3 ) a = 16; d = 11 – 16 = –5; l = –54
−54 − 16 −70
Thus, n= +1= +1
−5 −5
the eleventh term a11 = 11(11 + 3) = 154.
n = 14 + 1
To find a18, since 18 is even,
n = 15
Minimum Material
21
10. F
ind the middle term(s) of an A.P. 9, 15, 21, 14. F
ind the number of terms in the A.P. 3, 6, 9,
27, …, 183. 12, …, 111. SEP-21
Solution: Solution:
a = 9, d = 6, l = 183 First term a = 3,
æ l - aö Common difference d = 6 – 3 = 3,
n =ç +1
è d ÷ø Last term, l = 111
 l − a
We know that, n =  +1
=
183 − 9
+1=
174
+ 1 = 29 + 1 = 30  d 
6 6  111 − 3 
n=  + 1 = 37
15 and 16 are the middle terms.  3 
tn = a + (n – 1)d Thus the A.P. contains 37 terms.
t15 = a + 14 d t16 = a + 15d
15. W
rite the first three terms of the G.P. whose
= 9 + 14(6) = 9 + 15(6) first term and the common ratio are given
= 9 + 84 = 9 + 90 below.
= 93 = 99 (i) a = 6, r = 3 (ii) a = 2 , r = 2
93, 99 are the middle terms of A.P. 2
(iii) a = 1000, r =
11. I f 3 + k, 18 – k, 5k + 1 are in A.P. then find k. 5
Solution:
SEP-21 i. General Form of an G.P. a, ar, ar2, …..
Solution: a = 6, r = 3 G.P. 6, 6(3), 6(3)2…
3 + k, 18 – k, 5k + 1 is a A.P 6, 18, 54, ….
t2 – t1 = t3 – t2 ii. G.P. a, ar, ar2, …
(18 – k) – (3 + k) = (5k + 1 ) – (18 – k) a = 2 , r = 2
( )
2
15 – 2k = 6k – 17 G.P. 2, 2 2, 2 2
–2k – 6k = –17 –15
2 , 2, 2 2
–8k = –32
k =4 iii. G.P. a, ar, ar2, …..
2
12.
In a theatre, there are 20 seats in the a = 1000, r =
5 2
2
front row and 30 rows were allotted. Each æ 2ö
G.P. 1000, 1000 × , 1000 × çè ÷ø …
successive row contains two additional seats 5 5
than its front row. How many seats are there G.P. 1000, 400, 160,….
in the last row? 16. In a G.P. 729, 243, 81, … find t7 .
Solution: Solution:
First Term, a = 20 tn = arn–1
Common Difference, d = 2 243 1
a = 729, r = = ,n=7
Number of seats in the last row 729 3
= tn = a + (n – 1)d 1
7 −1
t7 = 729 ×  
t30 = a + 29d = 20 + 29(2) = 20 + 58 = 78  3
6
13. W
rite an A.P. whose first term is 20 and 1
t7 = 729 ×  
common difference is 8.  3
Solution: 1 1 1 1 1 1
t7 = 729 × × × × × ×
First Term, a = 20; 3 3 3 3 3 3
Common Difference, d = 8 ind x so that x + 6, x + 12 and x + 15
17. F
Arithmetic Progression is a, a+d, a+3d, … are consecutive terms of a Geometric
In this case, Progression.
we get 20, 20 + 8, 20 + 2(8), 20 + 3(8), ... Solution:
So, the required A.P. is 20, 28, 36, 44, ... iven x + 6, x + 12 and x + 15 are consecutive
G
terms of a G.P.
22
t2 t3 20. F
ind the first term of a G.P. in which
= S6 = 4095 and r = 4.
t1 t2
x + 12 x + 15 Solution:
= Common ratio, = 4 > 1,
x+6 x + 12
(x + 12)2 = (x + 6) (x + 15) Sum of first 6 terms S6 = 4095
a ( r n - 1)
x2 + 24x + 144
= x2 + 21x + 90 Hence, Sn = = 4095
24x – 21x = 90 – 144 r -1
3x = – 54 a ( 46 - 1)
r = 4, = 4095
54 4 -1
x = – = –18
3 a × 4095 = 4095
18. Find the number of terms in the following 3
First term, a = 3.
G.P.
(i) 4, 8, 16, …, 8192? 21. Find the value of
1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 50
(ii) 1 , 1 , 1 ,..., 1
3 9 27 2187 Solution:
Solution: 1 + 2 + 3 + … + 50
n ( n + 1)
i. G.P. 4, 8, 16, …, 8192. Using 1 + 2 + 3 + … + n =
2
Here a = 4, r = 2, tn = 8192 50 ´ (50 + 1)
arn–1 = tn 4(2)n–1 = 8192; 1 + 2 + 3 + … + 50 = = 1275
2
8192 22. Find the sum of the following series
2n–1 = = 2048
4 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 60
2n–1 = 211 ; n –1 = 11 Solution:
n ( n + 1)
n = 12 1 + 2 + 3 + …. + 60 =
2
1 1 1 1 60 × 61
ii. G.P. , , ,..., . =
3 9 27 2187 2
1
Here a = 1 , r = 1 , tn = = 30 × 61 = 1830
3 3 2187
n-1 23. Find the sum of
 1 æ 1ö 1
  çè ÷ø = (i) 1 + 3 + 5 + ... to 40 terms
3 3 2187
n−1 (ii) 2 + 4 + 6 + ... 80
1
 1  = ×3 (iii) 1 + 3 + 5 + ... + 55
 3 2187
n−1 6 Solution:
1 1
 1  = =   ; i. 1 + 3 + 5 + ... + n terms = n2
 3 729  3
1 + 3 + 5 + … + 40 terms = (40)2 = 1640
n–1 =6 n=7
ii. 2 + 4 + 6 + … + 80
19. In a G.P. the 9th term is 32805 and 6th term is = 2 [1 + 2 + 3 + … + 40]
1215. Find the 12th term. é n ( n + 1) ù
Solution: =2 ê ú = 40 × 41 = 1640
ë 2 û
From the given
t9 = 32805 ar8 = 32805 ..... (1) iii. 1 + 3 + 5 + … + 55
t6 = 1215 ar5 = 1215 ..... (2) Here the number of terms is not given.
(1) ÷ (2) r3 = 27 r=3 Now, we have to find the number of terms using
(2) 5
a (3) = 1215 a = 5 the formula.
To find t12,
(55 - 1)
n= + 1 = 28
2
tn = arn–1 Therefore,
t12 = (5)(3)11 1 + 3 + 5 + ... + 55 = (28)2 = 784
Minimum Material
23
24. Find the sum of 28. I f 13 + 23 + 33 + ... + k3 = 44100 then find
(i) 12 + 22 + ... + 192 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + k.
(ii) 52 + 102 + 152 + ... + 1052 Solution:
13 + 23 + 33 + ...+ k3 = 44100 = ê (
é k k + 1) ù
2
Solution: ú
i. 12 + 22 + ... + 192 ë 2 û
k ( k + 1)
n ( n + 1)( 2n + 1) 1 + 2 + 3 + … + k = = 210
= 2
6
29. How many terms of the series 13 + 23 + 33 +....
19 ´ (19 + 1)( 2 ´ 19 + 1) should be taken to get the sum 14400?
=
6 Solution:
1 + 2 + 3 + ... +k = ê (
é k k + 1) ù
2
19 × 20 × 39
= = 2170 3 3 3 3
ú = 14400
6 ë 2 û
ii. 52 + 102 + 152 + ... + 1052 k ( k + 1)
= 14400 = 120
= 52(12 + 22 + 32 + ... + 212) 2
21 ´ ( 21 + 1) ´ ( 2 ´ 21 + 1) k(k + 1) = 240
= 25 × 2
k + k – 240 = 0
6
21 × 22 × 43
(k – 15) ( k + 16) = 0
= 25 × = 82775 k = +15 or k = –16
6
k can’t be negative
25. Find the sum of 13 + 23 + 33 + ... + 163 k = 15
Solution:
 n ( n + 1) 
2
3 3 3
1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n =  3 5 Marks

 2  x
1. If p1 x1 × p2 x2 × p3 .3 × p4 x4 = 113400 where p1,
2
16 × 17  p2, p3, p4 are primes in ascending order and
13 + 23 + 33 + ... + 163= 
 2  x1, x2, x3, x4 are integers, find the value of p1,
= [136]2 = 18496 p2, p3, p4 and x1, x2, x3, x4
Solution:
26. If 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n = 666 then find n. 2 113400
Solution: 2 56700
1 + 2 + 3 + ...... + n = 666 2 28350
n ( n + 1) 3 14175
= 666 3 4725
2
3 1575
n2 + n =1332
3 525
n2 + n – 1332 = 0
5 175
(n – 36) (n + 37 ) = 0 5 35
n = –37 or n = 36 7 7
But n ≠ –37 (Since n is a natural number) 1
Hence n = 36.
11340 = 23 × 34 × 52 × 71
27. I f 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + k = 325 , then find P1 = 2, P2 = 3, P3 = 5, P4 = 7
13 + 23 + 33 + ... + k3. x1 = 3, x2 = 4, x3 = 2, x4 = 1
Solution:
k ( k + 1) 2. If a1 = 1, a2 = 1 and an = 2an–1 + an–2 n≥3, n N,
1 + 2 + 3 + ... + k = = 325 then find the first six terms of the sequence.
2
13 + 23 + 33 + ... + k3 Solution:
Given a1 = a2 = 1 and an =2an–1 + an–2
= ê (
é k k + 1) ù
2
2
ú = (325) = 105625 a3 = 2a2 + a1 = 2(1) + 1 = 3;
ë 2 û a4 = 2a3 + a2 = 2(3) + 1 = 7
a5 = 2a4 + a3 = 2(7) + 3 = 17;
a6 = 2a5 + a4 = 2(17) + 7 = 41
24
ind x, y and z, given that the numbers
3. F    1  n 
x, 10, y, 24, z are in A.P. 1 −     4 é 1æ æ 1 ö öù
n

= 4 1 10   = ê n - ç1 - ç ÷ ÷ ú
Solution: n−  9 êë 9 è è 10 ø ø úû
9  10  1 − 1  
A.P. x, 10, y, 24, z  
 10  
10 + 24 34  
That is y = = = 17
2 2 ii. 3 + 33 + 333 + ...... n
A.P = x, 10, 17, 24, z
= 3(1 + 11 + 111 + ….. + n terms )
Here we know that d = 17 – 10 = 7 3
x = 10 – 7 = 3 = (9 + 99 + 999 + ... + n terms)
9
z = 24 + 7 = 31 3
x = 3, y = 17, z = 31. = ((10–1) + (100–1) + (1000–1) + ... + n
9 terms)
4. F
ind the sum to n terms of the series
5 + 55 + 555 + .... = 3 (10 + 100 + 1000 + ... + n terms)
9
Solution: – (1 + 11 + 111 + ….. + n terms)
Sn = 5 + 55 + 555 + …. + n terms 3   10n − 1 
=  10   − n
= 5 [1 + 11 + 111 + … + n terms] 9   9  
5 30 3n
= [9 + 99 + 999 + …. + n terms] = (10n – 1) –
9 81 9
5
= [10 – 1 + 100 – 1 + 1000 – 1 + …. n terms] 6. F
ind the sum of the Geometric series
9 3 + 6 + 12 + ... + 1536
5 Solution:
= [(10 + 100 + 1000 + ….)
9
– (1 + 1 + 1 + ….)] 3 + 6 + 12 + .... + 1536
5 é10 (10 - 1) - n ù
n
a = 3, r = 2
= ê ú
9 êë 9 úû tn = 1536
50 é n 5 ù
arn–1 = 1536
=
81 ë ê (10 - 1) - n ú
9 û 3(2)n–1 = 1536
3(2)n–1 = 3(2)9
5. Find the sum to n terms of the series
2n–1 = 29
(i) 0.4 + 0.44 + 0.444 + ... to n terms
(ii) 3 + 33 + 333 + ... to n terms n–1 = 9
Solution:
n = 10
i. 0.4 + 0.44 + 0.444 + ....... n terms To find Sn,
=
4 44 444
+ + + ... nterms
Sn =
(
a rn -1 ) Þ S10 =
(
3 210 - 1 )
10 100 1000
r -1 2 -1
 1 11 111 
= 4 + + + ... nterms  = 3 (1023) = 3069
10 100 1000 
7. Find the value of 16 + 17 + 18 + ... + 75
4  9 99 999 
=  + + + ... nterms  Solution:
9 10 100 1000 
16 + 17 + 18 + … + 75
4  1  1   1  
=  1 −  + 1 −  + 1 −  + ... nterms  = (1 + 2 + 3 + ….. + 75) – (1 + 2 + 3 + … + 15)
9  10 100  1000  
75 ( 75 + 1) 15 (15 + 1)
4 = –
= [(1+1+1+… n terms) – 2 2
9
 1 11 111  = 2850 – 120
 + + + ... nterms ]
10 100 1000  = 2730

Minimum Material
25
8. Find the sum of 93 + 103 + ... + 213 n ( n + 1)
= 2025 = 45
Solution: 2
93 + 103 + …. + 213 n(n+1) = 45 × 2 ..... (2)
= (13 + 23 + 33 ... + 213) – (13 + 23 + 33... + 83) (1) n(n + 1) ( 2n + 1) 258 × 6
=
é 21 ´ ( 21 + 1) ù
2
é 8 ´ (8 + 1) ù
2
( 2) n ( n + 1) 45 × 2
= ê ú – ê ú
ë 2 û ë 2 û 2n + 1 = 19
= (231)2 – (36)2 2n = 19 – 1
2n = 18
= 52065
n =9
9. Find the sum of the following series
11. R
ekha has 15 square colour papers of sizes
(i) 62 + 72 + 82 + ... + 212
10 cm, 11 cm, 12 cm, …, 24 cm. How much
(ii) 103 + 113 + 123 + ... + 203
area can be decorated with these colour
Solution: papers?
i. 62 + 72 + 82 + ... + 212 Solution:
= (12 + 22 + 32... + 212) – (12 + 22 + 32 + ... + 52) The Required Area
n ( n + 1)( 2n + 1) n ( n + 1)( 2n + 1) = 102 + 112 + 122 + ...... + 242
= –
6 6 Area = (12 + 22 + 32 + ...... + 242)
21 ´ ( 21 + 1)( 42 + 1) 5 ´ (5 + 1)(10 + 1) – (12 + 22 + ...... + 92)
= –
6 6 n ( n + 1)( 2n + 1) n ( n + 1)( 2n + 1)
= –
21 × 22 × 43 5 × 6 × 11 6 6
= –
6 6 9 × 10 × 19
= 3311 – 55 = 3256 = 24 × 25 × 49 –
6 6
ii. 103 + 113 + 123 + ... + 203 = 4900 – 285 = 4615 cm2
Therefore Rekha has 4615 cm2 colour paper.
= 13 + 23 + 33 + ... + 203 – 13 + 23 + 33 + ... + 93
She can decorate 4615cm2 area with these
 n ( n + 1)  é n ( n + 1) ù
2 2
colour papers.
=   – ê ú
 2  ë 2 û 12. Find the sum of 152 + 162 + 172 + ... + 282
2 2
20 × 21   9 × 10 
=  –  152 + 162 + 172 + ... + 282
 6    3 
= (12 + 22 + 32 ... + 282)
= [210]2 – (45)2 – (12 + 22 + 32 ... + 142)
= 44100 – 2025 = 42075 n ( n + 1)( 2n + 1) n ( n + 1)( 2n + 1)
= –
he sum of the cubes of the first n natural
10. T 6 6
numbers is 2025, then find the value of n. 28 × 29 × 57 14 ´ 15 ´ 29
= –
Solution: 2×3 2´3
12 + 22 + 32 + ... + n2 = 285 = 14 × 29 × 19 – 7 × 5 × 29
n ( n + 1)( 2n + 1)
= 285 = 7714 – 1015 = 6699
2´3
n ( n + 1)( 2n + 1) ***
= 285
6
n(n+1) (2n+1) = 285 × 6 ..... (1)
13 + 23 + 33 + ... + n3 = 2025
é n ( n + 1) ù
2
ê ú = 2025
ë 2 û
26
= 23 × x2×(2x – 3y)3 (4x2 + 6xy + 9y2)
3. Algebra = 8x2(2x – 3y)3 (4x2 + 6xy + 9y2)
2 Marks 2. Simplify:
1. Find the LCM of the given polynomials 2 6 xz 3
i) 4 x y ×
(i) 4x2y, 8x3y2 2z 2 20 y 4
(ii) 9a3b2, 12a2b2c p 2 − 10 p + 21 p 2 + p - 12
ii) ×
(iii) 16m, 12m2n2, 8n2 p−7 ( p - 3) 2
(iv) p2 – 3p + 2, p2 – 4 5t 3 6t - 12
iii) ×
(v) 2x2 – 5x – 3, 4x2 – 36 4t − 8 10t
Solution:
(vi) (2x2 – 3xy)2, (4x – 6y)3, 8x3 – 27y3
4x2 y 6 xz 3 3x3 z
Solution: i. × =
2z2 20 y 4 5 y3
i. 4x2y, 8x3y2 p 2 − 10 p + 21 p 2 + p - 12
4x2y = 22x2y ii. ×
p−7 ( p - 3)2
8x3y2 = 23x3y2 ( p - 7)( p - 3) = ( p + 4)( p - 3) = (p + 4)
LCM(4x2y, 8x3y2) = 23x3y2 = 8x3y2 =
( p - 7) ( p - 3)2
ii. 9a3b2, 12a2b2c
iii. 5t 3 × 6t − 12
9a3b2 = (1)(3)2 a3b2 10t
4t − 8
12a2b2c = 22 × 3 × a2 × b2 × c
5t 3 6 ( t - 2) 3t 2
LCM(9a3b2, 12a2b2c) = × =
4 ( t - 2) 10t 4
= (1) × 22 × 32 × a3 × b2 × c = 36a3b2c
x3 y3
iii. 16m, 12m2n2, 8n2 3. Simplify: +
x- y y− x
16m = 24 × m
12m2n2 = 22 × 3 × m2 × n2 Solution:
8n2 = 23 × n2 x3 y3 x3 − y 3
+ =
LCM(16m, 12m2n2, 8n2) x− y y-x x− y
= 24 × 3 × m2 × n2 = 48m2n2
=
(x 2
)
+ xy + y 2 ( x - y )
2 2
iv. p – 3p + 2, p – 4 ( x - y)
p2 – 3p + 2 = (p – 1) (p – 2) = x + xy + y2
2
p2 – 4 = (p + 2) (p – 2)
4. F
ind the excluded values of the following
LCM(p2 – 3p + 2, p2 – 4)
expressions (if any). MAY-22
= (p – 1) (p + 2) (p – 2) 7 p + 2
i) x + 10 ii)
v. 2x2 – 5x – 3, 4x2 – 36 8x 8 p 2 + 13 p + 5
2x2 – 5x – 3 = (x – 3) (2x + 1) Solution:
4x2 – 36 = 4(x + 3) (x – 3) i. The expression x + 10 is undefined when
LCM(2x2 – 5x – 3, 4x2 – 36) 8x
8x = 0 or x = 0.
= 4(x – 3) (x + 3) (2x + 1)
When the excluded value is 0.
vi. (2x2 – 3xy)2, (4x – 6y)3, 8x3 – 27y3
(2x2 – 3xy)2 = x2(2x – 3y)2 7p+ 2
ii. The expression 2
is
(4x – 6y)3 = 23(2x – 3y)3 8 p + 13 p + 5
8x3 – 27y3 = (2x)3 – (3y)3 undefined when 8p2 + 13p + 5 = 0 that is
= (2x – 3y) (4x2 + 6xy + 9y2) -5
(8p +5) (p+1) = 0 p = , p = –1.
LCM((2x2 – 3xy)2, (4x – 6y)3, 8
−5
(8x3 – 27y3) The excluded values are and –1.
8
Minimum Material
27
5. F
ind the excluded values, if any of the Solution:
following expressions. 400 x 4 y12 z16 4 6
= 4 y 8 z12 = 2 y z
y
i) 2 ii) 2 t 100 x8 y 4 z 4 x4 x2
y − 25 t - 5t + 6
x2 + 6 x + 8 x 3 - 27 7. F
ind the square root of the following
iii) iv) expressions
x2 + x - 2 x3 + x2 - 6 x
i) 256(x – a)8(x – b)4(x – c)16(x – d)20
Solution:
y 144a 8 b12 c16
i. The expression is undefined ii)
2
y − 25 81 f 12 g 4 h14
when y2 – 52 = 0 Solution:
y2 – 52 = 0
(y + 5) (y – 5) = 0 i. (256( x - a) ( x - b) ( x - c)
8 4 16
( x - d )20 )
y + 5 = 0, y – 5 = 0 = 16 |(x–a)4(x–b)2(x – c)8(x–d)10|
y = –5, y = 5
Hence the excluded values are –5 and 5. 144a8b12 c16 4 a 4b 6 c8
ii. =
81 f 12 g 4 h14 3 f 6 g 2 h7
ii. The expression t is undefined
2
t - 5t + 6 8. F
ind the square root of the following rational
when t2 – 5t + 6 = 0 expression.
t2 – 5t + 6 = 0 121( a + b) ( x + y ) ( b - c )
8 8 8
(t – 2) (t – 3) = 0 81( b - c ) ( a - b)
4 12
( b - c )4
t – 2 = 0, t – 3 = 0
Solution:
t = 2, t =3
121( a + b) ( x + y ) (b - c)
8 8 8
Hence the excluded values are 2 and 3.
=
81(b - c) ( a - b) (b - c )4
4 12
x 2 + 6 x + 8 ( x + 4)( x + 2) x+4
iii. = =
x2 + x − 2 ( x + 2)( x - 1) x - 1 121( a + b) ( x + y ) (b - c)
8 8 8

x+4
81(b - c) ( a - b) (b - c )4
4 12
The expression is undefined when
x −1
11 ( a + b) ( x + y )
4 4
x – 1 = 0. Hence the excluded value is 1. =
9 ( a - b )6
iv.
x 3 − 27
=
(
( x - 3) x 2 + 3x + 9 )
x3 + x 2 − 6 x (
x x2 + x - 6 ) 9. D
etermine the quadratic equations, whose
sum and product of roots are
( x - 3) ( x + 3x + 9)
2
= (i) –9, 20 (ii) 5 , 4 SEP-21

( x)( x + 3)( x - 2) 3
x 3 − 27 Solution:
The expression is undefined
x3 + x 2 − 6 x i. –9, 20
when x3+ x2 – 6x = 0 x2 – [α + β]x + αβ = 0
(x) (x+3) (x – 2) = 0 x2– [–9]x + 20 = 0 x2 + 9x + 20 = 0
x = 0 or x = –3 or x = 2 5
ii. ,4
Hence the excluded values are 0, –3, 2 3
Required Quadratic Equations
6. F
ind the square root of the following rational x2 – (Sum of the roots)x + product of the roots
expression. =0
400 x 4 y12 z 16 x2 – 5 x + 4 = 0
100 x 8 y 4 z 4 3
Multiply 3 on both sides
3x2 – 5x + 12 = 0
28
10. F
ind the sum and product of the roots for  a11 a12 a13 
each of the following quadratic equations
A =  a21 a22 a23 
(i) x2 + 3x − 28 = 0 (ii) x2 + 3x = 0  
 a31 a32 a33 
Solution:
 1− 2 1− 4 1− 6 
i. x2 + 3x – 28 = 0  
a = 1, b = 3, c = –28 = 2−2 2−4 2−6
b
Sum of the roots = α+β = – = – 3 = –3  3 − 2 3 − 4 3 − 6 
a 1 1 3 5 
Product of the roots = αβ =
c = 0 2 4 
a 1 1 3 
28
=– = –28
2
ii. x + 3x = 0
1
ii. aij = ( i + j )3
a = 1, b = 3, c = 0 3
b  a11 a12 a13 
Sum of the roots = α+β = – = – 3 = –3
a 1 =  a21 a22 a23 
c 0  
Product of the roots = αβ = = = 0  a31 a32 a33 
a 1
8 64 
æ8 9 4 3ö 3 9
3 
ç ÷  
3 64 125 
ç 5÷ = 9
11. In the matrix A = ç -1 7
2 ÷,  3 3 
ç1  
4 3 0÷  64 125
ç ÷ 72 
write è6 8 -11 1ø  3 3 
(i) The number of elements 14. Construct a 3×3 matrix whose elements are
(ii) The order of the matrix aij = i2j2
(iii) Write the elements a22, a23, a24, a34, a43, Solution:
a44. The general 3 × 3 matrix is given by
Solution:  a11 a12 a13 
i) Number of elements = 4 × 4 = 16 A =  a21 a22 a23 
 
ii) Order of matrix = 4 × 4  a31 a32 a33 
3 a11= 12 ×12 = 1×1 = 1; a12 = 12 ×22 = 1×4 = 4;
iii) a22 = 7 ; a23 = ; a24 = 5;
2 a13 = 12 ×32 = 1×9 = 9; a21 = 22 ×12 = 4×1 = 4;
a34 = 0; a43 = –11; a44 = 1 a22 = 22 ×22 = 4×4 = 16; a23 = 22 ×32 = 4×9 = 36
12. I f a matrix has 18 elements, what are the a31 = 32 ×12 = 9×1 = 9; a32 = 32 ×22 = 9×4 = 36;
possible orders it can have? What if it has 6 a33 = 32 × 32 = 9×9 = 81 1 4 9 
elements?
Hence the required matrix is A =  4 16 36
Solution:  
 9 36 81
Matrix having 18 elements 1 × 18 (or) 2 × 9 æ 5 4 3ö
(or) 3 × 6 (or) 6 × 3 (or) 9 × 2 (or) 18 × 1
15. If A = ç 1 -7 9÷ then
Matrix having 6 elements 1 × 6 (or) 2 × 3 (or) ç ÷
è 3 8 2ø
3 × 2 (or) 6 × 1
find the transpose of A.
13. C
onstruct a 3×3 matrix whose elements are Solution:
given by
( i + j )3  5 4 3  5 1 3
(i) aij = i − 2j (ii) aij =
3 A =  1 −7 9 AT =  4 −7 8
   
Solution:  3 8 2  3 9 2
i. aij = | i – 2j |

Minimum Material
29
æ 7 -3ö æx+ y 2ö  6 2
ii. ç =  5 8
ç ÷
16. If A = ç - 5 2 ÷ then è 5 + z xy÷ø
ç ÷ 5 + z = 5 x + y = 6;
è 3 -5ø
z = 5 – 5 y = 6 – x;
find the transpose of –A. SEP-20
z=0
Solution:
xy = 8
 7 −3 − 7 3
 
x(6–x) = 8
 
A = − 5 2 –A =  5 −2 6x – x2 – 8 = 0
    x2–6x+8 = 0
 3 −5 − 3 5
(x – 2) (x – 4) = 0
æ- 7 5 - 3ö
(–A)T = ç ÷ x – 2 = 0 (or) x – 4 = 0
è 3 -2 5 ø x = 2 (or) x = 4
æ 5 2 2ö 8 8
If x = 2 then y = = = 4;
ç 5÷ x 2
17. If A = ç - 17 0.7 ÷ then verify 8
ç 2 ÷ (AT)T = A If x = 4 then y = = 2
çè 8 4
3 1 ÷ø
Solution: æ x + y + z ö  9
 5 2 2 iii. ç x + z ÷ =  5
 ç ÷  
5 è y + z ø  7
A =  − 17 0.7 
 2 x + y + z = 9 ..... (1)
 8 3 1  x + z = 5 ..... (2)
  y+z=7 ..... (3)
 5 − 17 8 Substitute (3) in (1)
AT =  2 0.7 3 x + 7 = 9 x=9–7=2
 
 5  Substitute x =2 in (2)
 2 1
 2 + z = 5 z = 5 – 2 = 3
2
 5 2 2 Substitute z = 3 in (3)
 5 y + 3 = 7 y = 7 – 3 y=4
(AT)T =  − 17 0.7 
 2 æ 7 8 6ö æ 4 11 -3ö
 8 3 1  19. If A = ç 1 3 9 ÷ , B = ç -1 2 4 ÷
ç ÷ ç ÷
(AT)T = A è -4 3 -1ø è 7 5 0ø
ind the values of x, y and z from the
18. F then Find 2A+B.
following equations Solution:
æ 12 3ö æ y zö  7 8 6  4 11 −3
(i) ç =ç
è x 5ø ÷ è 3 5÷ø 2A + B = 2  1 3 9  +  −1 2 4 
   
x+ y 2 æ 6 2ö  −4 3 −1  7 5 0
(ii)  =ç
 5 + z xy  è 5 8÷ø  14 16 12   4 11 −3
æ x + y + zö æ 9ö =  2 6 18  +  −1 2 4 
   
(iii) ç x + z ÷ = ç 5÷  −8 6 −2  7 5 0 
ç ÷ ç ÷
èy+z ø è 7ø  14 + 4 16 + 11 12 − 3 
Solution: =  2 −1 6 + 2 18 + 4 
 
12 3  y z  −8 + 7 6 + 5 −2 + 0
i.  x 5 =  3 5  18 27 9 
12 = y; 3 = z; x = 3 =  1 8 22
 
 −1 11 −2
30
5 4 −2  æ -7 4 -3ö ii. A + (–A) = (–A) + A = 0
1 3  ç 1 7 ÷  1 9  æ -1 -9ö
20. If A =  2 , B = ç 3÷, A + (–A) =  3 4  + ç -3 -4÷
2 4  ç 4 2 ÷   ç ÷
 1 9 4  çè 5 -6 9 ÷ø  8 −3 è -8 3 ø
find 4A–3B.  0 0
Solution: =  0 0 ..... (1)
 
5 4 −2   −7 4 −3  0 0
1 3   1 7   −1 −9 1 9 
4A – 3B = 4  2  –3  3 3 4 
2 4   4 2  (–A) + A =  −3 −4 +
 1    
9 4   5 −6 9   −8 3   8 −3
 21 −12 9   0 0
æ 20 16 -8 ö
 3 21  =  0 0 ..... (2)
= ç 2 3 4 2÷ +  − − −9   
ç ÷  4 2   0 0
çè 4 36 16 ÷ø  
 −15 18 −27 (1), (2) A+ (–A) = (–A) + A = 0
æ 20 + 21 16 - 12 -8 + 9 ö
æ 0 4 9ö 7 3 8ö
ç
= ç 2-
3 21 ÷ 22. If A = ç ÷ ,B= æ
3- 4 2 - 9÷ è 8 3 7ø ç
è 1 4 9÷ø
ç 4 2 ÷
çè 4 - 15 36 + 18 16 - 27 ÷ø find the value of (i) B – 5A (ii) 3A – 9B
 41 4 1  Solution:
 5 15 
= − 4 2 − 9 æ 0 4 9ö  7 3 8
A= ç ,B= 
 4 2  ÷
è 8 3 7ø  1 4 9
 −11 54 −11 
i.
B – 5A
æ1 9 ö  5 7
 7 3 8  0 4 9
21. If A = ç 3 4 ÷ , B =  3 3 then verify =  – 5
ç ÷   
 1 4 9  8 3 7
è 8 -3ø  1 0
that (i) A+B = B +A  7 3 8  0 −20 −45
=  + 
(ii) A+(−A) = (−A)+A =O.  1 4 9  −40 −15 −35
Solution:  7 −17 −37
= 
i. A+B=B+A  −39 −11 −26
L.H.S.
1 9  æ5 7ö
ii. 3A – 9B
A + B = 3 4  + ç3 3÷  0 4 9  7 3 8
  ç ÷ = 3  – 9
 8 −3 è 1 0ø 
 8 3 7  1 4 9
 6 16 
=  6 7  ..... (1)  0 12 27 æ -63 -27 -72ö
=   +ç
   24 9 21 è -9 -36 -81÷ø
 9 −3
R.H.S.  −63 −15 −45
æ 5 7ö 1 9 = 
 15 −27 −60
B + A = ç 3 3÷ +  3 4
ç ÷  
è 1 0ø 8 −3
 6 16 
=  6 7  ..... (2)
 
 9 −3
(1), (2) A+B=B+A

Minimum Material
31
5 Marks 4 –14 –12 42 9
1. F
ind the square root of –3 (+) –12 (–) 42 (–) 9
64x4 − 16x3 + 17x2 − 2x + 1 0
Solution: Required Square root = |2x2–7x–3|
8 –1 1
iii. 16x4 + 8x2 + 1
8 64 –16 17 –2 1 4 0 1
(–) 64 4 16 0 8 0 1
16 –1 –16 17 (–) 16
(+) –16 (–) 1 8 0 0 8
16 –2 16 –2 1 0 0
1 (–) 16 (+) –2 (–) 1 8 0 1 8 0 1
(–) 8 (–)0 (–)1
0
2 0
Required Square root = |8x – x + 1|
Required Square root = |4x2 + 1|
2. If 9x4 + 12x3 + 28x2 + ax + b is a perfect
square, find the values of a and b. iv. 121x4 − 198x3 − 183x2 + 216x + 144
Solution: 11 –9 –12
3 2 4 11 121 –198 –183 216
3 9 12 28 a b 144
(–) 9 (–)121
6 2 12 28
22 –9 – 198 –183
(–) 12 (–) 4
(+) –198 (–)81
6 4 4 24 a b
22 –18 –12 – 264 216 144
(–) 24 (–) 16 (–) 16
(+) –264 (–)216 (–)144
a = 16, b = 16
0
3. F
ind the square root of the following
polynomials by division method
Required Square root = |11x2–9x–12|
Solution:
i. x4 − 12x3 + 42x2 − 36x + 9 4. F
ind the values of a and b if the following
polynomials are perfect squares
1 –6 3
1 1 –12 42 –36 9 i. 4x4 − 12x3 + 37x2 + bx + a
(–) 1 Solution:
2 –6 –12 42 2 –3 7
(+) –12 (–) 36
2 4 –12 37 b a
2 –12 6 –36 9
(–) 4
3 (–) 6 (+) –36 (–) 9
0 4 –3 –12 37
(+) –12 (–) 9
Required Square root = |x2 – 6x + 3|
4 –6 7 28 b a
ii. 37x2 −28x3 + 4x4 + 42x + 9
(–) 28 (+)– 42 (–) 49
2 –7 –3
a = 49 , b = –42
2 4 –28 37 42 9
(–) 4
4 –7 –28 37
(+) –28 (–) 49
32
ii. ax + bx + 361x + 220x + 100
4 3 2
æ8 3 4 ö
Solution: and C = ç 1 -2 3 ÷ then verify that
ç ÷
10 11 12 è 2 4 -1ø
A + (B + C) = (A + B) + C.
10 100 220 361 b a
Solution:
(–)100 4 3 1 
20 11 220 361 A + (B + C) =  2 3 −8
 
(–) 220 (–)121  1 0 −4
20 22 12 240 b a  2 3 4  8 3 4 
(–) 240 (–)264 (–)144 +  1 9 2  +  1 −2 3  
   
  −7 1 −1  2 4 −1 
a = 144 , b = 264
5. F
ind the values of m and n if the following 4 3 1   10 6 8 
polynomials are perfect sqaures =  2 3 −8 +  2 7 5 
   
i. 36x4 − 60x3 + 61x2 − mx + n  1 0 −4  −5 5 −2
MAY-22
Solution:  14 9 9 
=  4 10 −3 ..... (1)
6 –5 3  
 −4 5 −6
6 36 –60 61 –m n
(A + B) + C
(–) 36
ææ 4 3 1 ö æ 2 3 4 öö
12 –5 –60 61
(+) –60 (–)25 = ç ç 2 3 -8÷ + ç 1 9 2 ÷ ÷
çç ÷ ç ÷÷
çè è 1 0 -4ø è -7 1 -1ø ÷ø
12 –10 36 –m n
3 (–) 36 (+)– 30 (–) 9 8 3 4 
+  1 −2 3 
–m = –30, m = 30  
n=9  14 9 9   2 4 −1
=  4 10 −3 ..... (2)
ii. x4 − 8x3 + mx2 + nx + 16  
 −4 5 −6
Solution:
From (1) & (2) LHS = RHS
1 –4 4
1 1 –8 m n 16 æ 1 1ö æ 1 2ö æ -7 6ö
7. If A = ç ,B= ç ÷ ,C= ç
(–) 1
÷
è -1 3ø è -4 2ø è 3 2÷ø
2 –4 –8 m verify that A(B + C) = AB + AC.
(+) –8 (–)16 Solution:
2 –8 4 m–16 n 16  1 2  −7 6
B+C = +
(–) 8 (+)– 32 (–) 16 
 −4 2  3 2
0  −6 8
 1 − 7 2 + 6
= =  −1 4
m - 16  −4 + 3 2 + 2
=4
2 LHS = A (B + C)
m – 16 = 8, n = –32  1 1  −6 8
m = 8 + 16 = 
 −1 3  −1 4
m = 24
æ -6 - 1 8 + 4 ö  −7 12
æ4 3 1 ö æ 2 3 4ö = ç =
÷
è 6 - 3 -8 + 12ø  3 4 
6. If A = ç 2 3 -8÷ , B = ç 1 9 2÷
ç ÷ ç ÷  1 1  1 2
è 1 0 -4ø è -7 1 -1ø AB = 
 −1 3  −4 2
Minimum Material
33
 1− 4 2+2   −3 4 LHS
=  = 1 −1 2  1 3 2
−2 + 6  −13 4 B+C=  +
 −1 − 12 3 5 2  −4 1 3
 1 1 æ -7 6ö æ2 2 4ö
AC =  =ç
 −1 3 çè 3 2÷ø è -1 6 5ø÷
æ -7 + 3 6 + 2 ö æ -4 8ö 1 3 2 2 4
A (B + C) =  ×
= ç
è 7 + 9 -6 + 6ø÷ =ç
è 16 0÷ø 5 −1  −1 6 5
RHS = AB + AC =  2 − 3 2 + 18 4 + 15
10 + 1 10 − 6 20 − 5
æ -3 4ö  −4 8
= ç ÷ + æ -1 20 19ö
è -13 4ø  16 0 =ç …..(1)
è 11 4 15÷ø
-3 - 4 4 + 8ö æ -7 12ö
= æç =ç  1 −1 2
÷
è -13 + 16 4 + 0ø è 3 4 ÷ø 1 3 
AB =  ×
 5 −1   3 5 2
LHS = RHS
 1 + 9 −1 + 15 2+6
æ 2 -1ö = 
æ 1 2 1ö  5 − 3 −5 − 5 10 − 2
8. If A = ç and B = ç -1 4 ÷
è 2 -1 1÷ø ç ÷
= 
10 14 8
è 0 2ø  2 −10 8
show that (AB)T = BTAT SEP-20
Solution:
 −1 20 19
AB + AC =  …..(2)
æ 2 -1ö  11 4 15
 1 2 1 ç
AB =  -1 4 ÷ (1), (2) A (B + C) = AB + AC.
 2 −1 1 ç ÷
è 0 2ø æ1 7 ö
 5 2 9
 2 − 2 + 0 −1 + 8 + 2  0 5  10. If A =  , B = ç1 2 ÷
=  =
 9 −4  1 2 8 ç ÷
 4 + 1 + 0 −2 − 4 + 2 è 5 -1ø
0 5  verify that (AB)T = BTAT
ABT = 
 9 −4 Solution:
1 2  1 7 
æ 2 -1 0ö  5 2 9
BT = ç A =  2 −1
T A=   , B = 1 2 
è -1 4 2÷ø    1 2 8  
1 1   5 −1
1 2  æ 5 + 2 + 45 35 + 4 - 9ö æ 52 30ö
 2 −1 0 AB =ç ÷ =ç
T T
B A =  2 −1 è 1 + 2 + 40 7 + 4 - 8 ø è 43 3 ÷ø
 −1 4 2  
1 1  æ 52 43ö
(AB)T =ç
 2−2+0 4 +1+ 0  0 5  è 30 3 ÷ø
BT AT =   =  5 1
 −1 + 8 + 2 −2 − 4 + 2  9 −4 T
B
1 1 5  T
= A =  2 2
 7 2 −1  
LHS = RHS  9 8
æ1 3 ö  5 1
1 1 5
9. Given that A = ç
è 5 -1÷ø
, BT AT = ×  2 2
 7 2 −1  
 1 −1 2 æ 1 3 2ö  9 8
B=   ,C= ç æ 5 + 2 + 45 1 + 2 + 40ö
 3 5 2 è -4 1 3÷ø =ç
verify that A(B +C) = AB + AC. è 35 + 4 - 9 7 + 4 - 8 ø÷
æ 52 43ö
Solution: =ç
è 30 3 ÷ø
1 3  æ 1 -1 2ö  1 3 2
A=  ,B= ç ÷ ,C=  (1), (2) (AB)T = BTAT

 5 −1 è 3 5 2ø  −4 1 3
To verify that A (B + C) = AB + AC
34
 3 1 Solution:
11. If A =  show that A2 – 5A + 7I2 = 0 i.From the figure, in ΔABC and ADE
 −1 2
1 7 7+4
Solution: 3 +2 +2
AC
= 2 = 2 = 2
 3 1 æ 3 1ö AE 2 2 2
A2 = 
 −1 2 çè -1 2÷ø 11 1 11
= × = ..... (1)
 9 −1 3 + 2   8 5 2 2 4
= =
 −3 − 2 −1 + 4  −5 3 AB 3+ 5 8
= = ..... (2)
A2 – 5A + 7I2 AD 3 3
AC AB
 8 5  −15 −5   7 0 From (1), (2) ≠
= –  + AE AD
 −5 3  5 −10  0 7
∆ABC and ∆ADE are not similar
 8 − 15 + 7 5 − 5 + 0   0 0
=  =
 −5 + 5 + 0 3 − 10 + 7  0 0 ii. From the figure, in ∆ABC and ∆PQC
Hence, A2 – 5A + 7I2 = 0 ABC= PQC = 70° ..... (1)
(Corresponding angles are equal)
***
C = C (Common Angles) ..... (2)
4. Geometry A = QPC ( AAA criterian)
Hence, ∆ABC and ∆PQC are similar
2 Marks triangles
1. I f ΔABC is similar to ΔDEF such that BC = AB BC 5 6
3 cm, EF= 4 cm and area of ΔABC = 54 cm2. Then, = = =2
PQ QC x 3
Find the area of ΔDEF.
5
Solution: x = =2.5
2
ince the ratio of area of two similar triangles
S
is equal to the ratio of the squares of any two 3. I f ΔABC ~ ΔDEF such that area of ΔABC is
corresponding sides, we have 9 cm2 and the area of ΔDEF is 16 cm2 and
BC = 2.1 cm. Find the length of EF.
Area ( ∆ABC ) BC 2
= Solution:
Area ( ∆DEF ) EF 2 A D
54 32
gives = 2
Area ( DDEF ) 4
16 × 54
Area (∆DEF) = = 96 cm2
9
B 2.1 C E F
2. Check whether the which triangles are
similar and find the value of x. Given ∆ABC ~ ∆DEF
Area of ( DABC ) BC 2
=
Area of ( DDEF ) EF 2
i)
AB 2 AC 2
= =
DE 2 DF 2
9
=
( 2.1) 2
16 EF 2
16
EF2 = (2.1)2 ×
ii) 9
4
EF = 2.1 × = 2.8 cm
3

Minimum Material
35
4. D
and E are respectively the points on
the sides AB and AC of a ΔABC such that
AB = 5.6 cm, AD = 1.4 cm, AC = 7.2 cm and
AE = 1.8 cm, show that DE || BC .
Solution:
Solution:
AD is the bisector of BAC
AB =10 cm, AC = 14 cm, BC = 6 cm
By Angle Bisector Theorem
AB = 5.6 cm, AD = 1.4 cm, AC = 7.2 cm
BD AB
and AE = 1.8 cm =
DC AC
BD = AB – AD = 5.6 – 1.4 = 4.2 cm and
10
EC = AC – AE = 7.2 – 1.8 = 5.4 cm x =
6− x 14
AD 1.4 1 AE 1.8 1
= = and = =
DB 4.2 3 EC 5.4 3 x = 5
6− x 7
AD AE
= 7x = 30 – 5x
DB EC
12x = 30
Therefore, by converse of Basic Proportionality 30
Theorem, we have DE is parallel to BC. x = = 2.5 cm
12
Hence Proved. BD = 2.5 cm DC = 3.5 cm
5. I n the Figure, AD is the bisector of A. 7. I n ΔABC, D and E are points on the sides
If BD = 4 cm, DC = 3 cm and AB = 6 cm, AB and AC respectively such that DE || BC
find AC. MAY-22 SEP-21
AD 3
(i) If = and AC = 15 cm find AE.
DB 4
(ii) If AD = 8x − 7, DB = 5x − 3, AE = 4x − 3
and EC = 3x − 1, find the value of x.
Solution:
AD 3
i. If = , AC = 15 cm , AE = x,
DB 4
Solution:
EC = 15 – x
In ∆ABC, AD is the bisector of A. A
Therefore by Angle Bisector Theorem
3x
BD
x
= AB
DC AC D E
15–
4 6
4x
= gives 4AC = 18
x
3 AC
B C
9
Hence AC = = 4.5 cm DE || BC then by basic proportionality theorem.
2
AD AE
=
6. I n the Figure, AD is the bisector of BAC, DB EC
if AB = 10 cm, AC = 14 cm and BC = 6 cm. 3 x
=
Find BD and DC. 4 15 - x
36
3(15–x) = 4x A
45 – 3x = 4x
1 .8
45 = 7x
1.4
7.2
5.6
45 D E
x = = 6.43 cm
7
ii. Given AD = 8x – 7, DB = 5x – 3, C
B
AE = 4x – 3 and EC = 3x – 1
ii. A
B = 5.6 cm, AD = 1.4 cm, AC = 7.2 cm
By basic proportionality theorem
and AE = 1.8 cm
AD AE
= AD 1.4 1
DB EC = = ..... (1)
AB 5.6 4
8x - 7 4x − 3
= AE 1.8 1
5x - 3 3x − 1 = = ..... (2)
AC 7.2 4
(8x–7)(3x–1) = (5x–3)(4x–3) AD AE
24x2 – 29x + 7 = 20x2– 27x+9 (1), (2) =
AB AC
24x2 – 20x2 – 29x + 27x + 7 – 9 = 0 DE || BC
4x2 – 2x – 2 = 0 9. C
heck whether AD is bisector of A of ΔABC
2
2x – x – 1 = 0 in each of the following
(2x+1) (x–1) = 0 (i) AB = 5 cm, AC = 10 cm, BD= 1.5 cm and
1 CD= 3.5 cm. SEP-20
x = 1, x = – (Not Admissible).
2 (ii) AB= 4 cm, AC = 6 cm, BD = 1.6 cm and
x = 1
CD= 2.4 cm.
8. I n ΔABC, D and E are points on the sides Solution: A
AB and AC respectively. For each of the
following cases show that DE || BC.
(i) AB = 12 cm, AD = 8 cm, AE = 12 cm and
5 10
AC = 18 cm.
(ii) AB = 5.6 cm, AD = 1.4 cm, AC = 7.2 cm
and AE = 1.8 cm.
Solution: B 1.5 D 3.5 C
A
i. AB = 5cm , AC =10 cm, BD =1.5 cm and
CD = 3.5 cm
12
8
AB 5 1
18
12
D E = = ..... (1)
AC 10 2
BD 1.5 3
= = ..... (2)
B C CD 3.5 7
i. AB = 12 cm, AD = 8 cm AE = 12 cm and AB BD
(1), (2) ≠ ( By ABT)
AC = 18cm AC CD
AD 8 2 AD is not a bisector of A in ∆ABC
= = ..... (1) A
AB 12 3
AE 12 2
= = ..... (2)
AC 18 3
AD AE 4 6
From (1) & (2) =
AB AC
DE || BC
B 1.6 D 2.4 C

Minimum Material
37
ii. A
B = 4 cm, AC = 6 cm, BD = 1.6 cm and On Simplication
DB EC
CD = 2.4 cm 1+ = 1+
AD AE
AB 4 2
= = ..... (1) Cancelling 1 on
AC 6 3 DB EC
= both sides
BD 1.6 2 AD AE
= = ..... (2)
CD 2.4 3 AD Taking reciprocals
AE
AB BD =
(1), (2) = ( By ABT) DB EC
AC CD
AD is a bisector of A in ∆ABC Hence Proved
5 Marks 2. State and Prove Angle Bisector Theorem.

1. S
tate and Prove Basic Proportionality Statement: SEP-20
Theorem (BPT) or Thales Theorem.MAY-22 The internal bisector of an angle of a triangle
divides the opposite side internally in the ratio
of the corresponding sides containing the angle
Proof
Given:
In ∆ABC, AD is the internal bisector
To Prove:
Statement:
AB BD
A straight line drawn parallel to a side of = .
triangle intersecting the other two sides, divides AC CD
the sides in the same ratio. Construction:
Proof
raw a line through C parallel to AB.
D
Given:
In ∆ABC, D is a point on AB and E is a point Extend AD to meet line through C at E.
on AC No. Statement Reason
To Prove: 1. AEC = BAE Two parallel lines
AD AE = 1 cut by a transversal
=
DB EC make alternate
Construction: Draw a line DE || BC angles equal.
No. Statement Reason 2. ∆ACE is In ∆ACE
1. ABC = ADE Corresponding isosceles CAE = CEA.
1 angles are equal AC = CE …. (1)
because DE || BC 3. ∆ABD ~ ∆ECD By AA Similarity
2. ACB = AED Corresponding AB BD
=
2 angles are equal CE CD
because DE || BC 4. AB BD From (1)
= AC = CE.
3. DAE = BAC Both triangles have AC CD
3 a common angle. Hence Proved.
∆ABC ~ ∆ADE By AAA similarity 3. State and Prove Pythagoras Theorem.
AB AC Corresponding sides Statement:
= are proportional
AD AE In a right angle triangle, the square on the
AD DB Split AB and AC hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares
AD using the points D on the other two sides.
and E
= AE + EC
AE
38
Proof edians are line segments joining each vertex
M
Given: to the midpoint of the corresponding opposite
In ∆ABC, A = 90° sides.
Thus medians are the cevians where D, E, F
To Prove:
are midpoints of BC, CA and AB respectively.
AB2 + AC2 = BC2 Since D is midpoint of BC,
Construction: Draw AD BC BD
BD = DC. So =1 ..... (1)
No. Statement Reason DC
Since E is midpoint of CA,
1. Compare ∆ABC Given BAC = 90°
CE
and ∆ABD and by construction CE = EA. So =1 ..... (2)
EA
B is common BDA = 90°
Since F is midpoint of AB,
BAC = BDA
= 90° AF = FB. So AF = 1 ...... (3)
FB
Therefore, By AA similarity Thus, multiplying (1), (2), (3) we get
∆ABC ~ ∆ABD
BD CE AF
AB BC × ×
= DC EA FB
BD AB
=1×1×1=1
AB2 = BC × BD
..... (1) And so, Ceva’s theorem is satisfied.
2. Compare ∆ABC Given BAC = 90° Hence the Medians are concurrent.
and ∆ADC and by construction
C is common CDA = 90° ***
BAC = ADC
= 90°
5. Coordinate Geometry
Therefore, By AA similarity 2 Marks
∆ABC ~ ∆ADC 1. F
ind the area of the triangle whose vertices
BC AC are (–3, 5), (5, 6) and (5, –2)
=
AC DC Solution:
AC2 = BC × DC
... (2)
Adding (1) and (2) we get
AB2 + AC2 = BC × BD + BC × DC
= BC (BD + DC)
AB + AC = BC × BC = BC2
2 2
Hence the theorem is proved.

4. S
how that in a triangle, the medians are
concurrent. SEP-21
Solution:
A(–3, 5), B(5, –2), C(5,6)

x1y1 x2y2 x3y3

Minimum Material
39
−3 5 Solution:
x1 y1 x1 y1 1 -1
x2 y2 1 5 −2 1 x2 y2 1 -4 6
Area of ∆ = = i. Area of ∆ = =
x3 y3 2 5 6 2 x3 y3 2 -3 -5
x1 y1 −3 5
x1 y1 1 -1
1 1
= [(6+30+25) – (25–10–18)] = [(6+20+3) – (4–18–5)]
2 2
1 1
= [61 + 3] = [6+20+3–4+18+5]
2 2
64 1
= = 32 sq. units. = [(6+20+3+18+5)–4]
2 2
2. S
how that the points P (–1.5, 3), Q (6, –2), 1
= [52–4]
R (–3, 4) are collinear. MAY-22 2
1
Solution: = [48] = 24 sq.units.
Area of ∆PQR = 0 2
x1 y1 −1.5 3 x1 y1 −10 −4
1 x2 y2 1 6 −2 1 x2 y2 1 −8 −1
=0 =0 ii. Area of ∆ = =
2 x3 y3 2 −3 4 2 x3 y3 2 −3 −5
x1 y1 −1.5 3 x1 y1 −10 −4
1
1 = [(10+40+12)–(32+3+50)
[(3+24–9) – (18+6–6)] = 0 2
2
1 1
[18 – 18] = 0 = [62 – 85]
2 2
Therefore, the given points are collinear.
1
= [–23] = –11.5 sq.units.
3. I f the area of the triangle formed by the 2
vertices A (–1, 2), B (k, –2) and C (7, 4) (taken Area of the Triangle = 11.5 sq.units
in order) is 22 sq. units, find the value of k.
5.
Determine whether the sets of points are
Solution: collinear?
The vertices are A (–1, 2), B (k, –2) and C (7, 4) æ 1 ö
Area of ∆ABC is 22 sq.units (i) ç - , 3÷ (–5, 6) and (–8, 8)
è 2 ø
−1 2
Solution:
1 k −2 æ 1 ö
= 22
2 7 4 çè - , 3÷ø (–5, 6) and (–8, 8)
2 1
−1 2 x1 y1 − 3
2
−1 2 1 x2 y2 1 −5 6
Area of ∆ = =
k −2 2 x3 y3 2 −8 8
= 44
7 4 x1 y1 1
− 3
−1 2 2
1
{(2 + 4k + 14) – (2k – 14 – 4)} = 44 =
[(–3–40–24) – (–15–48–4)]
2
4k + 16 – 2k + 18 = 44
1
2k + 34 = 44 = [(–67) – (–67)] = 0
2
2k = 10
The given points are collinear.
Therefore k =5
4. F
ind the area of the triangle formed by the
points (i) (1, –1), (–4, 6) and (–3, –5)
(ii) (ii) (–10, –4), (–8, –1) and (–3, –5)
40
(ii) (a, b+c), (b, c+a) and (c, a+b) (0+2p+0) – (0+48+0) = 40
Solution: 2p – 48 = 40
x1 y1 a b+c 2p = 88
1 x2 y2 1 b c+a p = 44
Area of ∆ = =
2 x3 y3 2 c a+b ii. A (p, p), B (5, 6), C (5, –2)
x1 y1 a b+c Area of ∆ = 32 sq.units
1 x1 y1
= [(ac +a2 + ab + b2 +bc + c2) –
2 (b2 + bc + c2 + ca + a2 + ab] 1 x2 y2
= 32
1 2 x3 y3
= [ac + a2 + ab + b2 + bc + c2 – b2 – bc – c2 –
2 ca – a2 – ab] x1 y1
1 p p
= [0] = 0 sq.units.
2 1 5 6
= 32
Aliter: 2 5 −2
(a, b+c), (b, c+a), (c, a+b) p p
x1, y1 x2, y2 x3, y3
p p
1 x1 − x2 x1 − x3 5 6
Area of ∆ = = 64
2 y1 − y2 y1 − y3 5 −2
1 a-b a-c p p
=
2 b+c-c-a b+c-a-b (6p–10+5p) – (5p+30–2p) = 64
1 a−b a−c 6p – 10 + 5p – 5p – 30 + 2p = 64
= 8p – 40 = 64
2 − ( a − b) − ( a − c )
1 8p = 64 + 40
= [(a–b) (a–c) + (a–b) (a–c)]
2 8p = 104
1 104
= [0] = 0 p =
2 8
The given points are collinear. p = 13
6. V
ertices of given triangles are taken in order 7. I n each of the following, find the value of ‘a’
and their areas are provided aside. In each for which the given points are collinear.
case, find the value of ‘p’. (i) (2, 3), (4, a) and (6, –3)
Area
S.No. Vertices (ii) (a, 2–2a), (–a+1, 2a) and (–4–a, 6–2a)
(sq.units)
Solution:
(i) (0, 0), (p, 8), (6, 2) 20
(ii) (p, p), (5, 6), (5, –2) 32 i. (2, 3), (4, a) and (6, –3)
∆=0
Solution:
x1 y1 2 3
i.
A (0, 0), B (p, 8), C (6, 2)
Area of ∆ABC = 20 sq.units. x2 y2 4 a
=0 =0
x1 y1 x3 y3 6 −3
1 x2 y2 x1 y1 2 3
= Area of ∆ABC
2 x3 y3 [(2a–12+18) – (12+6a–6)] =0
x1 y1 2a – 12 + 18 – 12 – 6a + 6 =0
0 0 –4a =0
1 p 8 a =0
= 20
2 6 2
0 0

Minimum Material
41
ii. (a, 2–2a), (–a+1, 2a) and (–4–a, 6–2a) 2. F
ind the area of the quadrilateral formed
∆ = 0 sq.units. by the points (8, 6), (5, 11), (–5, 12) and
(2a2–6a+2a2+6–2a–8+8a–2a+2a2) – (–4, 3).
(–2a+2a2+2–2a–8a–2a2+6a–2a2) = 0 Solution:
(6a2–2a–2) – (–2a2–6a+2) = 0
8a2 + 4a – 4 = 0 ÷ 4
2a2 + a – 1 = 0
(a+1) (2a–1) = 0
1
a = + and a = –1
2
Aliter:
(a, a–2a), (–a+1, 2a), (–4–a, 6–2a)
x1, y1 x2, y2 x3, y3
1 x1 - x2 x1 - x3
Area of ∆ = =0
2 y1 - y2 y1 - y3 efore determining the area of the
B
quadrilateral, plot the vertices in a graph
a + a −1 a+4+a
=0 A (8, 6), B (5, 11), C (–5, 12) and D (–4, 3).
2 − 2a − 2a 2 − 2a − 6 + 2a
Therefore, area of the quadrilateral ABCD
2a − 1 2a + 4 x1 y1 8 6
=0
2 − 4a −4 x2 y2 5 11
–4(2a–1) – (2–4a) (2a+4) = 0 1 1
x3 y3 = −5 12
–8a+4 – [4a+8–8a2–16a] =0 2 2
x4 y4 −4 3
–8a+4–4a–8+8a2+16a =0 x1 y1 8 6
8a2+4a–4 =0 1
= [(88 + 60 – 15 – 24) – (30 – 55 – 48 + 24)]
2a2+a–1 =0 2
(a+1) (2a–1) =0 1
= [88 + 60 – 15 – 24 – 30 + 55 + 48 – 24]
1 2
a = –1 (or) a =
2 1
= [88 + 60 + 55 + 48 – 15 – 24 – 30 – 24]
5 Marks 2
1. T
he floor of a hall is covered with identical 1
= [251 – 93]
tiles which are in the shapes of triangles. 2
One such triangle has the vertices at (–3, 2), 1
(–1, –1) and (1, 2). If the floor of the hall is = [158] = 79 sq.units.
2
completely covered by 110 tiles, find the area
of the floor. 3. T
he given diagram shows a plan for
Solution:
constructing a new parking lot at a campus.
It is estimated that such construction would
Vertices of one triangular tile are at
cost ` 1300 per square feet. What will be the
(–3, 2), (–1, –1) (1, 2) total cost for making the parking lot?
-3 2
Solution:
1 -1 -1
Area of this tile = The parking lot is a quadrilateral whose vertices
2 1 2
A (2, 2), B (5, 5), C (4, 9) and D (1, 7).
-3 2 Therefore, Area of parking lot is
1
= {(3–2+2)–(–2–1–6)} x1 y1 2 2
2
1 x2 y2 5 5
= (12) = 6 sq.units 1 1
2 3 x y3 = 4 9
Since the floor is covered by 110 triangle 2 2
x4 y4 1 7
shaped identical tiles,
x1 y1 2 2
Area of the floor = 110 × 6 = 660 sq. units
42
1
= [90–(20)]
2
1
= [70] = 35 sq. units
2
(ii) (–9, 0), (–8, 6), (–1, –2) and (–6, –3)
Solution:
A
(–8, 6)
(–9, 0)
D
(–1, –2)
C (–6, –3)
1
= [(10 + 45 + 28 + 2) – (10 + 20 + 9 + 14)] A (–8, 6), B (–9, 0), C (–6, –3), D (–1, –2)
2
1 −8 6
= [85 – 53]
2 −9 0
1 1
= [32] = 16 sq.units Area of the quadrilateral = −6 −3
2 2
−1 −2
So, Area of parking lot = 16 sq.feets.
−8 6
Construction rate per square fee = ` 1300 1
Therefore, total cost for constructing the = [(0+27+12 –6) – (–54+0+3+16)]
2
parking lot = 16 × 1300 = ` 20,800
1
= [27+12–6+54–3–16]
4. F
ind the area of the quadrilateral whose 2
vertices are at
(i) (–9, –2), (–8, –4), (2, 2) and (1, –3) = 1 [(27+12+54) – (6+3+16)]
2
Solution: 1 1
= [93–25] = [68] = 34 sq. units
2 2
Aliter:
A(–8, 6), B(–9, 0), C(–6, –3), D(–1, –2)
A D
(2, 2)
x1, y1 x2, y2 x3, y3 x4, y4
(–9, –2)
Area of the quadrilateral
C (1, –3)
1 x1 − x3 x2 − x4
B (–8, –4) =
2 y1 − y3 y2 − y4
Let A (–9, –2), B (–8, –4), C (1, –3), D (2, 2)
−9 −2 1 -8 - (-6) -9 - (-1)
=
2 6 - (-3) 0 - (-2)
−8 −4
1
Area of the quadrilateral = 1 −3 1 -8 + 6 -9 + 1 1 -2 -8
2 = =
2 2 2 6+3 0+2 2 9 2
−9 −2 1 1
1 = [–4 + 72] = [68] = 34 sq. units
= [(36+24+2–4) – (16–4–6–18)] 2 2
2
1
= [(36+24+2–4–16+4+6+18)]
2
1
= [(36+24+2+4+6+18) – (4+16)]
2
Minimum Material
43
ind the value of k, if the area of a
5. F x1 y1 −5 −4
quadrilateral is 28 sq.units, whose vertices
1 x2 y2 1 1 6
are (–4, –2), (–3, k), (3, –2) and (2, 3) SEP-20 Area of the ∆ABC = =
2 x3 y3 2 7 −4
Solution:
x1 y1 −5 −4
−4 −2 1
−3 k = [(–30 – 4 –28) – (–4 + 42 + 20)]
1 2
3 −2 = 28
2 1
2 3 = [–62 – 58]
2
−4 −2
1
(–4k + 6 + 9 – 4) – (6 + 3k – 4 –12) = 56 = [–120]
2
(11 – 4k) – (3k – 10 ) = 56
= 60 sq. units.
11 – 4k – 3k + 10 = 56
60
21 – 7k = 56 The required number of buckets = = 10
6
7k = –35 ***
k = –5
6. I f the points A (–3, 9), B (a, b) and 6. Trigonometry
C (4, –5) are collinear and if a + b = 1, then 2 Marks
find a and b.
sinA 1 − cosA
Solution: 1. Prove that =
1 + cosA sinA
iven A (–3, 9), B(a, b), C(4, –5) are collinear
G
Solution:
and a + b = 1 ..... (1)
sin A sin A 1 − cos A
Area of the triangle formed by 3 points = 0 = ×
1 + cos A 1 + cos A 1 − cos A
−3 9
1 a b sin A (1 - cos A)
=0 =
2 4 −5 (1 + cos A)(1 - cos A)
−3 9 sin A (1 - cos A)
=
(–3b – 5a +36) – (9a + 4b + 15) = 0 1 - cos 2 A
–5a – 3b + 36 – 9a – 4b – 15 = 0 sin A (1 - cos A) 1 − cos A
= =
– 14a – 7b + 21 = 0 sin 2 A sin A
–14a – 7b = –21 cot 2θ
2. Prove that 1+ = cosecθ
14a + 7b = 21 (÷7) 1 + cosecθ
2a + b = 3 ..... (2) Solution:
Given a + b = 1 ..... (1) cot 2 θ cosec 2θ − 1
1+ = 1+
(1) – (2) a = 2 b = –1 1 + cosecθ cosecθ + 1
[ cosec2θ – 1 = cot2θ]
7. A
triangular shaped glass with vertices at
A (–5, –4) , B (1, 6) and C (7, –4) has to be = 1+
(cosecθ + 1)(cosecθ - 1)
painted. If one bucket of paint covers 6 cosecθ + 1
square feet, how many buckets of paint will = 1+(cosecθ – 1) = cosecθ
be required to paint the whole glass, if only
one coat of paint is applied. 1 + cosθ
3. Prove that = cosecθ + cotθ
1 - cosθ
Solution: Solution:
The required number of buckets =
1 + cos θ 1 + cos θ 1 + cos θ
Area of the ∆ABC = ×
Area of the paint covered by one bucket 1 − cos θ 1 − cos θ 1 + cos θ
44
= (1 + cosθ )2 = (1 + cosθ )2 (1 + sin θ )2 (1 - sin θ )2

= +
1 - cos 2 θ sin 2 θ 1 - sin 2 θ 1 - sin 2 θ
2
 1 + cos θ  1 + cos q (1 + sin θ )2
 =  = = + (1 - sin θ )2
sin θ  sin q cos 2 θ cos 2 θ
1 cos θ
= + 1 + sin θ 1 − sin q
sin θ sin θ = +
cos θ cos q
LHS = cosecθ + cotθ
1 + sin θ + 1 − sin θ 2
LHS = RHS = =
cos θ cos q
4. Prove the following identities. = 2secθ
(i) cotθ + tanθ = secθ cosecθ Hence Proved.
Solution: 6. A
tower stands vertically on the ground.
LHS = cotθ + tanθ From a point on the ground, which is 48 m
cos θ sin θ away from the foot of the tower, the angle of
= +
sin θ cos θ elevation of the top of the tower is 30°. Find
cos 2 θ + sin 2 θ 1 the height of the tower.
= =
sin θ cos θ sin θ cos θ
= secθ cosecθ
LHS = RHS.
(ii) tan4θ + tan2θ = sec4θ − sec2θ
Solution:
LHS = tan4θ + tan2θ = tan2θ (tan2θ + 1) Solution:
= tan2θ (sec2θ) ( 1 + tan2θ = sec2θ) PQ
In ∆PQR tanθ =
= (sec2θ – 1) (sec2θ) ( tan2θ = sec2θ – 1) QR
= sec4θ – sec2θ h
tan 30° =
LHS = RHS 48
5. Prove the following identities. 1 h
=
1 + sinθ 3 48
(i) = secθ tanθ SEP-20
1 - sinθ 48 3 48 3
h= × = = 16 3
Solution: 3 3 3
1 + sin θ 1 + sin θ Therefore the height of the tower is,
LHS = ×
1 − sin θ 1 + sin θ h = 16 m
= (1 + sin θ ) 2
= (1 + sin θ ) 2
7. A
kite is flying at a height of 75 m above the
1 - sin θ 2
cos 2 θ ground. The string attached to the kite is
1 + sin θ 1 sin q temporarily tied to a point on the ground.
= = +
cos θ cos q cos q The inclination of the string with the ground
= secθ + tanθ = RHS is 60° . Find the length of the string, assuming
Hence Proved. that there is no slack in the string.
Solution:
1 + sinθ 1 - sinθ
(ii) + = 2secθ AB
1 − sinθ 1 + sinθ In ∆ABCsinθ =
AC
Solution: 75
sin 60° =
1 + sin q 1 + sin q AC
LHS = ×
1 − sin q 1 + sin q 3 75
=
+ 1 - sin θ ´ 1 - sin θ 2 AC
1 + sin θ 1 - sin θ
Minimum Material
45
150 3 10. A
player sitting on the top of a tower of
AC = 75 ´ 2 ´ 3 = height 20 m observes the angle of depression
3 3 3
of a ball lying on the ground as 60°. Find the
AC = 50 3 m distance between the foot of the tower and
Hence, the length of the string is 50 3 m. the ball. ( 3 = 1.732)
8. F
ind the angle of elevation of the top of a
tower from a point on the ground, which is
30 m away from the foot of a tower of height
10 3 m. SEP-21
Solution:
Solution:
et BC be the height of the tower and A be the
L
position of the ball lying on the ground.
In ∆ABC
Then, BC = 20 m and
opposite side 10 3
tanθ = tan θ = XCA = 60° = CAB
Adjacent side 30
Let AB = x metres.
3 3 In the right angled triangle ABC,
tan θ = tan θ =
3 3 3 20
1 tan 60° =
tan θ = θ = 30° AB
3 20
9. A road is flanked on either side by 3 =
AB
continuous rows of houses of height 20 3
4 3 m with no space in between them. A AB = ×
3 3
pedestrian is standing on the median of
20 × 1.732
the road facing a row house. The angle of AB = 20 3 =
elevation from the pedestrian to the top of 3 3
34.640
the house is 30°. Find the width of the road. = = 11.54 m
3
Solution:
Hence, the distance between the foot of the
D
tower and the ball is 11.55 m.
11. F
rom the top of a rock 50 3 m high, the
angle of depression of a car on the ground is
observed to be 30°. Find the distance of the
I n the figure, BC – House, AB – Width of Road, car from the rock. MAY-22
P – Median of Road
Solution:
AP = PB = x
BC
In ∆PBC, tan30° =
PB
4 3 1 4 3
tan30° = =
PB 3 PB
PB = 4 3 × 3 = 4 × 3 = 12
Hence, Width of Road
opposite side
= AP + PB = 12 + 12 = 24 m In ∆ABC, tanθ =
Adjacent side
46
tan 30° =
50 3
BC
7. Mensuration
1 50 3 2 Marks
=
3 BC 1. T
he slant height of a frustum of a cone is
BC = 50 3 × 3 5 cm and the radii of its ends are 4 cm and
= 50 (3) = 150 m 1 cm. Find its curved surface area.
12. T
he horizontal distance between two Solution:
buildings is 70 m. The angle of depression of l = 5 cm, R = 4 cm, r = 1 cm
the top of the first building when seen from C.S.A of the frustum = π (R + r)l sq.units
the top of the second building is 45°. If the 22
= (4+1) × 5
height of the second building is 120 m, find 7
22 × 5 × 5 550
the height of the first building. ( 3 = 1.732) = =
7 7
Solution: 2
= 78.57 cm
2. T
he radius and height of a cylinder are in
the ratio 5:7 and its curved surface area is
5500 sq.cm. Find its radius and height.
Solution:
r : h = 5 : 7 r = 5x cm , h = 7x cm
CSA = 5500 sq.cm
22
2πrh = 5500 2 × × 5x × 7x = 5500
5500 7
CD – First Building,
x2 = = 25 x = 5
AB – Second Building 2 × 22 × 5
From the figure AB = 120 m, Hence, Radius = 5 × 5 = 25 cm,
EB = CD = x, AE=120 – x, Height = 7 × 5 = 35 cm
EC = BD = 70 m 3. T
he volumes of two cones of same base
AE radius are 3600 cm3 and 5040 cm3. Find the
In ∆ACE, tan 45° =
EC ratio of heights. |May 22|
120 − x Solution:
1=
70 Ratio of the volumes of two cones
120 – x = 70 m 1 1
= πr2 h1: πr2 h2
x = 50 m 3 3
= h1 : h2
***
= 3600 : 5040
= 360 : 504
= 40 : 56
=5:7
4. I f the ratio of radii of two spheres is 4:7, find
the ratio of their volumes.
Solution:
The ratio of radii of two spheres = 4 : 7
Let radius of first sphere is 4x,
that is r1 = 4x
Let radius of second sphere is 7x,
that is r2 = 7x
The ratio of their volumes
Minimum Material
47
4 3 = 22 (5 + 2) × 5
p r1 r3 (4 x)3 43 × x 3
= 3 = 13 = = 7
4 3 r2 (7 x)3 73 × x 3 22
p r2 = ×7×5
3 7
43 64 = 110 m2
= 3 =
7 343 T.S.A. = π(R +r)l + πR2 + πr2 sq. units
Hence the ratio of the volumes is 64 : 343
= π[(R+r)l +R2+r2]
5. A
solid sphere and a solid hemisphere have 22
equal total surface area. Prove that the ratio = [(5+2)5+52+22]
7
of their volume is 3 3 :4. 22 1408
= (35+25+4) = = 201.14m2
Solution: 7 7
Given Therefore, C.S.A. = 110 m2 and
Total Surface Area of a solid Sphere T.S.A. = 201.14 m2
= Total surface Area of a solid hemisphere 2. T
he frustum shaped outer portion of the
4πR2 = 3πr2 table lamp has to be painted including the
R2 3 R 3 top part. Find the total cost of painting the
= =
r 2
4 r 2 lamp if the cost of painting 1 sq.cm is ` 2.
Ratio of their volumes Solution:
4 3
πR 3 3
3 2R 3 éRù é 3ù
= = 3 = 2ê ú = 2ê ú
2 3 r ërû
πr ë 2 û
3
3 3
2× 3 3 =
8 4
Ratio of their volumes = 3 3 : 4
From the given figure, r = 6m, R = 12m
5 Marks and h = 8m.
1. A
n industrial metallic bucket is in the shape h2 + ( R − r )2
But, l =
of the frustum of a right circular cone whose
top and bottom diameters are 10 m and 4 m = 82 + 62 = 10 = 10
and whose height is 4 m. Find the curved l = 10 m
and total surface area of the bucket.
The required total arc of table lamp
Solution:
= CSA of frustrum + Area of the top
= π(R + r)l + πr2
22 22
= ×18×10 + ×6×6
7 7
22 22
Let h, l, R and r be the height, slant height, = ×6[30+6] = × 6 × 36
7 7
outer radius and inner radius of the frustum.
= 678.86 m2
Given that, diameter of the top =10 m;
Cost of painting for 1 sq.m. is ` 2.
radius of the top R = 5 m.
diameter of the bottom = 4 m; The total cost of painting
radius of the bottom r = 2 m, height h = 4 m = 678.86 × 2 = `1357.72.
Now, l = h2 + ( R − r )2
= 42 + (5 − 2) 2
l = 16 + 9 = 25 =5 m
C.S.A. = π(R + r)l sq. units
48
3. A container open at the top is in the form of a
frustum of a cone of height 16 cm with radii 8. Statistics and Probability
of its lower and upper ends are 8 cm and 20 2 Marks
cm respectively. Find the cost of milk which
can completely fill a container at the rate of 1. F
ind the range and coefficient of range of the
`40 per litre. MAY-22 following data: 25, 67, 48, 53, 18, 39, 44.
Solution: Solution:
h = 16 cm, r = 8 cm, R = 20 cm, Largest value L = 67; Smallest value S = 18
Volume of the frustum Range R = L − S = 67 − 18 = 49
1 L−S
= πh[R2 + Rr + r2] cu. units Coefficient of range =
3 L+S
1 22 67 - 18 49
= × × 16 [202 + 20(8) + 82] Coefficient of range = = = 0.576
3 7 67 + 18 85
1 22 2. Find the range of the following distribution.
= × × 16 [400 + 160 + 64]
3 7 Age (in 16- 18- 20- 22- 24- 26-
1 22 years) 18 20 22 24 26 28
= × × 16 × 624
3 7 Number
0 4 6 8 2 2
= 10459 cm3 of students
= 10.459 litre Solution:
The cost of milk is ` 40 per litre Here
The cost of 10.459 litres milk = 10.459 × 40 Largest value, L = 28
= ` 418.36 Smallest Value, S = 18
4. If the radii of the circular ends of a frustum Range R = L–S
which is 45 cm high are 28 cm and 7 cm, find R = 28 – 18 = 10 Years.
the volume of the frustum. SEP-21
3. T
he range of a set of data is 13.67 and the
Solution: largest value is 70.08. Find the smallest
height of the frustum, h = 45 cm, value.
bottom radii, R = 28 cm, Solution:
top radii, r = 7 cm Range R = 13.67
Volume of the frustum Largest value L = 70.08
1 Range R = L − S
= πh [R2 + Rr + r2] cu.units
3 13.67 = 70.08 −S
1 22 S = 70.08 −13.67 = 56.41
= × × 45 [282 + 28 × 7 + 72]
3 7 Therefore, the smallest value is 56.41
1 22
= × × 45 [784 + 196 + 49] 4. F
ind the range and coefficient of range of
3 7
following data SEP-20
1 22
= × × 45 ×1029 (i) 63, 89, 98, 125, 79, 108, 117, 68
3 7 (ii) 43.5, 13.6, 18.9, 38.4, 61.4, 29.8
= 22 × 15 × 147 = 48510 cm3
Solution:
*** i.63, 89, 98, 125, 79, 108, 117, 68
L = 125, S = 63
Range, R = L – S = 125 – 63 = 62
L−S
Coefficient of Range =
L+S
125 − 63 62
= = = 0.33
125 + 63 188

Minimum Material
49
ii. 43.5, 13.6, 18.9, 38.4, 61.4, 29.8 9. I f the standard deviation of a data is 3.6 and
L = 61.4, S = 13.6 each value of the data is divided by 3, then
Range, R = L – S = 61.4 – 13.6 = 47.8 find the new variance and new standard
L-S deviation.
Coefficient of Range = Solution:
L+S
47.8 47.8 he new standard deviation of a data is 3.6, and
T
= = = 0.64 each of the data is divided by 3 then the new
61.4 + 13.6 75.0
standard deviation is also divided by 3.
5. If the range and the smallest value of a set of
data are 36.8 and 13.4 respectively, then find 3.6
The new standard deviation = =1.2
the largest value. 3
The new variance = (Standard Deviation)2
Solution:
= σ2 = (1.2)2 = 1.44
Range, R = 36.8
Smallest Value, S = 13.4 10. T
he mean of a data is 25.6 and its coefficient
Largest Value, L = R + S of variation is 18.75. Find the standard
deviation.
= 36.8 + 13.4 = 50.2
Solution:
6. Calculate the range of the following data.
Mean x = 25.6
Income 400-450 450-500 500-550 Coefficient of variation, C.V. = 18.75
Number of s
8 12 30 C.V = × 100
workers x
Income 550-600 600-650 σ
18.75 = × 100
Number of 25.6
21 6 18.75 ´ 25.6
workers σ = = 4.8
100
Solution:
11. The standard deviation and mean of a
Given: Largest Value, L = 650
data are 6.5 and 12.5 respectively. Find the
Smallest Value,, S = 400 coefficient of variation.
Range = L – S = 650 – 400 = 250
Solution:
7. F
ind the standard deviation of first 21 σ
Co-efficient of variation C.V. = × 100.
natural numbers. x
σ = 6.5, x =12.5
Solution: s 6.5
Standard Deviation of first 21 natural numbers, CV = × 100 = × 100
x 12.5
n2 − 1 6500
σ = = = 52 %
12 125
441 − 1 12. If the mean and coefficient of variation of a
= ( 21)2 - 1 = = 440
data are 15 and 48 respectively, then find the
12 12 12 value of standard deviation.
= 36.66 = 6.05 Solution:
8. I f the standard deviation of a data is 4.5 and x = 15 , C.V. = 48,
if each value of the data is decreased by 5, s
CV = × 100
then find the new standard deviation. x
Solution: C.V × x 48 × 15 720
σ= = = = 7.2
s tandard deviation of a data, σ = 4.5 100 100 100
each value of the data decreased by 5,
13. If n = 5 , x = 6 , x2 = 765, then calculate the
the new standard deviation does not change and coefficient of variation.
it is also 4.5.
Solution:
n = 5, x = 6 , Σx2 = 765
50
2
765 n(A) = 3
σ= Σx 2  Σx  = - ( 6)
2
3
−  n(A)
n  n 5 P(A) = =
n(S) 8
= 153 − 36 = 117 17. What is the probability that a leap year
= 10.8 selected at random will contain 53 Saturdays.
s Solution:
CV = × 100%
x A leap year has 366 days.
10.8 1080 So it has 52 full weeks and 2 days.
= × 100 = = 180%
6 6 52 Saturdays must be in 52 full weeks.
14. A bag contains 5 blue balls and 4 green balls. S = {(Sun - Mon, Mon - Tue, Tue - Wed,
A ball is drawn at random from the bag. Wed - Thu, Thu - Fri, Fri - Sat, Sat - Sun)}
Find the probability that the ball drawn is n(S) = 7
(i) blue (ii) not blue. Let A be the event of getting 53rd Saturday.
Solution: Then A = {Fri - Sat, Sat - Sun} n(A) = 2
Total number of possible outcomes Probability of getting 53 Saturdays in a leap
n(S) = 5 + 4 = 9 n(A) 2
i) Let A be the event of getting a blue ball. year is P(A) = =
n(S) 7
Number of favourable outcomes for the
18. A
die is rolled and a coin is tossed
event A. Therefore, n(A) = 5
simultaneously. Find the probability that the
Probability that the ball drawn is blue. die shows an odd number and the coin shows
n(A)
Therefore, P(A) = = a head. SEP-21
n(S)
Solution:
ii) A will be the event of not getting a blue ball.
5 4
So P(A) = 1− P(A) = 1 − =
9 9
15. Two coins are tossed together. What is the
probability of getting different faces on the
coins? MAY-22
Solution:
hen two coins are tossed together, the sample
W
space is
S = {HH,HT,TH,TT}; n (S) = 4
Let A be the event of getting different faces on
Sample space
the coins.
S = {1H, 1T, 2H, 2T, 3H, 3T, 4H, 4T, 5H, 5T,
A = {HT,TH}; n (A) = 2
6H, 6T};
Probability of getting different faces on the n(S) = 12
coins is Let A be the event of getting an odd number
n(A)
P(A) = = 2=1 and a head.
n(S) 4 2 A = {1H, 3H, 5H}; n(A) = 3
16. A
coin is tossed thrice. What is the probability n(A) 3 1
P(A) = = =
of getting two consecutive tails? n(S) 12 4
Solution: 19. If P(A) = 0.37 , P(B) = 0.42 , P(A B) = 0.09
S = {HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, HTT, THT, TTH, then find P(A B) .
TTT} Solution:
n(S) = 8 P(A) = 0.37 , P(B) = 0.42 , P(A B) = 0.09
Event A : P(A B) = P(A) + P(B) − P(A B)
Two Consecutive tails = {HTT, TTH, TTT} P(A B) = 0.37 + 0.42 − 0.09 = 0.7
Minimum Material
51
20. W
hat is the probability of drawing either a
king or a queen in a single draw from a well = Σxi = 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n = n (n + 1)
n n 2× n
shuffled pack of 52 cards? n +1
Solution: x=
2
Total number of cards = 52 Variance σ2
A = Number of King cards 2 2 2 2 2
Sxi 2 æ Sxi ö Sxi = 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n
2
4 = -ç
n(A) = 4 P(A) = n è n ÷ø ( Sx )2 = (1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n) 2
52 i
2
B = Number of Queen cards = 4 n(n + 1)(2n + 1) n(n + 1)
= −
4 6×n 2×n
n(B) = 4 P(B) =
52 n + 1 é 2n + 1 n + 1 ù
Both the events of drawing a king and a queen = -
2 êë 3 2 úû
are mutually exclusive P(A B) = P(A) + P(B)
Probability of drawing either a king or a n + 1  4n + 2 − 3n − 3 
=
4 4 2 2  6 
queen = + =
52 52 13 n + 1  n − 1 n2 − 1
Variance σ2 = =
21. If P(A) = 23, P(B) =25, P(A B) = 13 then find 2  6  12
P(A B). 2. T
wo dice are rolled. Find the probability
Solution: that the sum of outcomes is (i) equal to 4
2 2 1 (ii) greater than 10 (iii) less than 13 SEP-21
P(A) = , P(B) = , P(A B) =
3 5 3 Solution:
P(A B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A B) hen we roll two dice, the sample space is
W
2 2 1 given by
= + –
3 5 3 S = { ( 1 , 1 ) , ( 1 , 2 ) , ( 1 , 3 ) , ( 1 , 4 ) , ( 1 , 5 ) , ( 1 , 6 )
10 + 6 − 5 (2,1),(2,2),(2,3),(2,4),(2,5),(2,6)
=
15 (3,1),(3,2),(3,3),(3,4),(3,5),(3,6)
11 (4,1),(4,2),(4,3),(4,4),(4,5),(4,6)
P(A B) =
15 (5,1),(5,2),(5,3),(5,4),(5,5),(5,6)
22. T
he probability that atleast one of A and B (6,1),(6,2),(6,3),(6,4),(6,5),(6,6) };
occur is 0.6. If A and B occur simultaneously n (S) = 36
with probability 0.2, then find P( A)+P( B ). i) Let A be the event of getting the sum of outcome
Solution: values equal to 4.
Given P(A B) = 0.6, P(A B) = 0.2 Then A = {(1, 3), (2, 2), (3, 1)}; n(A)= 3.
P(A B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A B) Probability of getting the sum of outcomes
P(A) + P(B) = P(A B) + P(A B) equal to 4 is
n(A) 3 1
= 0.6 + 0.2 P(A) = = =
n(S) 36 12
= 0.8
P(A) + P(B) = 1 – P(A) + 1 – P(B) ii) L et B be the event of getting the sum of outcome
values greater than 10.
= 2 – [P(A) + P(B)]
Then B = {(5, 6), (6, 5), (6, 6)}; n(B) = 3
= 2 – 0.8
Probability of getting the sum of outcomes
= 1.2
greater than 10 is
5 Marks n(B) 3 1
P(B) = = =
ind the mean and variance of the first n
1. F n(S) 36 12
natural numbers. iii) Let C be the event of getting the sum of
Solution: outcomes less than 13. Here all the outcomes
Sum of all the observations have the sum value less than 13. Hence C = S .
Mean x =
Number of observations Therefore, n(C) = n(S) = 36
52
robability of getting the total value less than
P n(D) = 4×3 = 12
13 is Probability of getting a face card is
n(C) 36
P(C) = = =1 n(D) 12 3
n(S) 36 P(D) = =
n(S) 52 13
3. F
rom a well shuffled pack of 52 cards,
v) L
et E be the event of getting a number card.
one card is drawn at random. Find the
probability of getting (i) red card (ii) heart The number cards are 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and
card (iii) red king (iv) face card (v) number 10.
card n(E) = 4×9 = 36
Solution: Probability of getting a number card is
n(E) 36 9
P(E) = = =
n(S) 52 13
4. T
wo dice are rolled together. Find the
probability of getting a doublet or sum of
faces as 4.
Solution:
n(S) = 36
When two dice are rolled together, there will be
6×6 = 36 outcomes.
Let S be the sample space. Then n(S) = 36
Let A be the event of getting a doublet and B be
the event of getting face sum 4.
Then A = {(1,1), (2,2), (3,3), (4,4), (5,5), (6,6)}
B = {(1,3), (2,2), (3,1)}
A B = {(2,2)}
Then, n(A) = 6 , n(B) = 3 , n(A B) = 1
n(A) 6
P(A) = =
n(S) = 52 n(S) 36
n(B) 3
i) Let A be the event of getting a red card. P(B) = =
n(S) 36
n(A) = 26
Probability of getting a red card is n ( A Ç B) 1
P(A B) = =
26 1 n(S) 36
P(A) = =
52 2 P (getting a doublet or a total of 4) = P(A B)
ii) Let B be the event of getting a heart card. P(A B) = P(A) + P(B) − P(A B)
n(B) = 13 6 3 1 8
= + – = =
Probability of getting a heart card is 36 36 36 36
n(B) 13 1 2
P(B) = = = Hence, the required probability is .
n(S) 52 4 9
5. If A is an event of a random experiment such
iii) L
et C be the event of getting a red king card. A that P(A) : P( A )=17:15 and n(S) = 640 then
red king card can be either a diamond king or a find (i) P( A ) (ii) n(A).
heart king. n(C) = 2
Solution:
Probability of getting a red king card is
n(C) Given n(S) = 640
P(C) = = 2 = 1 17
n(S) 52 26 P(A)
=
P(A) 15
iv) L
et D be the event of getting a face card. The
1 - P(A) 17
face cards are Jack (J), Queen (Q), and King =
(K). P(A) 15
Minimum Material
53
15[1–P(A)] = 17P(A) 7. T
hree fair coins are tossed together. Find the
15–15P(A) = 17P(A) probability of getting
15 = 15P(A) + 17P(A) (i) all heads
(ii) atleast one tail
32P(A) = 15
(iii) atmost one head
15 (iv) atmost two tails
P(A) =
32
Solution:
P(A) = 1–P(A) Possible Outcomes = {HHH, HHT, HTH,
15 THH, TTT, TTH, THT,
= 1–
32 HTT}
32 − 15 17 No.of possible outcomes,
= =
32 32 n(S) = 2×2×2 = 8
n(A) i) A = Probability of getting all heads
P(A) =
n(S) A = {HHH} n(A) = 1
17 n(A) n(A) 1
= P(A) = =
32 640 n(S) 8
20
17 ´ 640 ii) B = Probability of getting atleast one tail
n(A) =
32 B = {HHT, HTH, THH, TTT, TTH, THT,
n(A) = 340 HTT}
n(B) 7
6. T
wo unbiased dice are rolled once. Find the n(B) = 7 P(B) = =
n(S) 8
probability of getting
(i) a doublet (equal numbers on both dice) iii) C = Probability of getting atmost one head.
(ii) the product as a prime number C = {TTT, TTH, THT, HTT}
(iii) the sum as a prime number n(C) 4 1
(iv) the sum as 1 SEP-20 n(C) = 4 P(C) = = =
n(S) 8 2
Solution:
iv) D = Probability of getting atmost two tails.
n(S) = 36
D = {TTH, THT, HTT, HHT, HTH, THH,
i) A = Probability of getting Doublets
HHH}
(Equal numbers on both dice) n(D) 7
n(D) = 7 P(D) = =
A = {(1,1), (2,2), (3,3), (4,4), (5,5), (6,6)} n(S) 8
n(A) 6 1 8. A
bag contains 5 red balls, 6 white balls, 7
n(A) = 6; P(A) = = =
n(S) 36 6 green balls, 8 black balls. One ball is drawn
B = Probability of getting the product of the at random from the bag. Find the probability
prime number that the ball drawn is
(i) white
ii) B = {(1,2), (1,3), (1,5), (2,1), (3,1), (5,1)}
(ii) black or red
n(B) 6 1 (iii) not white
n(B) = 6; P(B) = = =
n(S) 36 6 (iv) neither white nor black
C = Probability of getting sum of the prime Solution:
number. S = {5 Red, 6 White, 7 Green, 8 Black}
iii) C ={(1,1), (2,1), (1,2), (1,4), (4,1), (1,6), n(S) = 26
(6,1), (2,3), (2,5), (3,2), (3,4), (4,3), i) A – probability of getting white balls
(5,2), (5,6), (6,5)} 6 3
n(A) = 6; P(A) = =
n(C) 15
n(C) = 14; P(C) = = = 5 26 13
n(S) 36 12
ii) B
– Probability of getting black (or) red
iv) D = Probability of getting the sum as 1
balls
n(D) 13 1
n(D) = 0; P(D) = =0 n(B) = 8 + 5 =13; P(B) = =
n(S) 26 2
54
iii) C – Probability of not getting white balls ii) B is probability of getting a queen of red
20 10 card.
n(C) = 20; P(C) = = n(B) 0
26 13 n(B) = 0 P(B) = = =0
n(S) 46
iv) D – Probability of getting of neither white iii) C is probability of getting King of black
nor black card.
12 6 n(C) 1
n(D) = 12; P(D) = = n(C) = 1 P(C) = =
26 13 n(S) 46
9. I n a box there are 20 non-defective and some 11. Some boys are playing a game, in which the
defective bulbs. If the probability that a bulb stone thrown by them landing in a circular
selected at random from the box found to be region (given in the figure) is considered
3 as win and landing other than the circular
defective is then, find the number of
8 region is considered as loss. What is the
defective bulbs. probability to win the game? (π = 3.14)
Solution:
I n a box there are 20 non – defective and
x defective bulbs
n(S) = x + 20
Let A – probability of getting Defective Bulbs
n(A) = x
n(A) x Solution:
P(A) = =
n(S) x + 20 Total Region = 4 × 3 = 12 sq.ft
From Given data n(S) = 12
x 3 Winning Region = Area of circle
=
x + 20 8 = πr2 = π(1)2
8x = 3x + 60 = π = 3.14 sq. unit
5x = 60 n(A) = 3.14
x = 12 n(A)
P(Winning the Game) =
Number of defective bulbls = 12 n(S)
3.14 314
10. T
he king and queen of diamonds, queen and = =
12 1200
jack of hearts, jack and king of spades are
removed from a deck of 52 playing cards 157
=
and then well shuffled. Now one card is 600
drawn at random from the remaining cards. 12. The standard deviation and coefficient
Determine the probability that the card is (i) of variation of a data are 1.2 and 25.6
a clavor (ii) a queen of red card (iii) a king of respectively. Find the value of mean.
black card Solution:
Solution: σ = 1.2, CV = 25.6, c = ?
emoved cards:
R s
CV = × 100
The King and Queen of diamonds, x
1.2 1200
Queen and Jack of hearts, and King of spades x = σ × 100 = × 100 =
C.V 25.6 256
(i.e) remaining number of cards
x = 4.7
= 52 – 6 = 46
n(S) = 46 13. T
wo customers Priya and Amuthan are
i) A is probability of getting Clavor Cards visiting a particular shop in the same week
n(A) 13 (Monday to Saturday). Each is equally likely
n(A) = 13 P(A) = = to visit the shop on any one day as on another
n(S) 46
day. What is the probability that both will
visit the shop on
Minimum Material
55
(i) the same day B = {TTH, THT, HTT, HHT, HTH, THH}
(ii) different days n(B) = 6
(iii) consecutive days? n(B) 6 3
P(B) = = =
Solution: n(S) 8 4
n(S) = 36 iii) To loss the entry fees, she have to get no
i) A be the Probability of Priya and Amuthan Heads
to visit shop on same day C = Probability of Getting No Heads
A = {(Mon, Mon), (Tue, Tue), (Wed, Wed), C = {TTT}
(Thurs, Thurs), (Fri, Fri), (Sat, Sat)} n(C) = 1
n(A) = 6 n(C) 1
n(A) 6 1 P(C) = =
P(A) = = = n(S) 8
n(S) 36 6
15. T
wo dice are rolled together. Find the
ii) P
(Priya and Amuthan Visit on Different probability of getting a doublet or sum of
Days) faces as 4.
1 5
= P(A) = 1 – P(A) = 1 – =
6 6 Solution:
C be the Probability of Priya and Amuthan n(S) = 36
to visit on Consequent days When two dice are rolled together, there will be
iii) C = {( Mon, Tue), (Tue, Wed), (Wed, Thurs), 6 × 6 = 36 outcomes.
(Thurs, Fri), (Fri, Sat) (Tue, Mon), (Wed, Let S be the sample space.
Tue), (Thurs, Wed), (Fri, Thurs), (Sat, Fri,)} Then n(S) = 36
n(C) = 10 Let A be the event of getting a doublet and B be
n(C) 10 5 the event of getting face sum 4.
P(C) = = =
n(S) 36 18 Then A = {(1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(4,4),(5,5),(6,6)}
14. I n a game, the entry fee is ` 150. The game B = {(1,3),(2,2),(3,1)}
consists of tossing a coin 3 times. Dhana A B = {(2,2)}
bought a ticket for entry . If one or two Then, n(A) = 6 , n(B) = 3 , n(A B) = 1.
heads show, she gets her entry fee back. If
n(A) 6
she throws 3 heads, she receives double the P(A) = =
entry fees. Otherwise she will lose. Find the n(S) 36
probability that she (i) gets double entry fee n(B) 3
P(B) = =
(ii) just gets her entry fee (iii) loses the entry n(S) 36
fee. n ( A Ç B) 1
Solution:
P(A B) = =
n(S) 36
S = {HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, TTT, TTH, THT, P (getting a doublet or a total of 4) = P(A B)
HTT}
P(A B) = P(A) + P(B) − P(A B)
n(S) = 8 2
6 3 1 8
i) For Receiving double entry Fees have to get = + – = =
36 36 36 36 9
Three Heads 2
A = Probability of Getting three Heads Hence, the required probability is .
9
A = {HHH} 1
16. If A and B are two events such thatP(A) =
n(A) = 1 1 4
1 P(B) = and P(A and B) = , find
P(A) = n(A) = 2
n(S) 8 (i) P (A or B)
ii) F
or getting Entry Fess getting atleast one (ii) P(not A and not B).
Head
B = Probability of Getting One or Two
Heads
56
Solution: (iii) The student opted for exactly one of
i. P (A or B) = P(A B) them. MAY-22
= P(A) + P(B) − P(A B) NCC NSS
1 1 1 5
P (A or B) = + − = 28 – 18 30 – 18
4 2 8 8 18
=10 =12
ii. P (not A and not B) = P(A B)
= P A È B ( ) Solution:
= 1−P (A B) Total number of students n(S) = 50
5 3 i. A : A : opted only NCC but not NSS
P(not A and not B) = 1− = n(A)
8 8 10
P(A) = = =
17. A card is drawn from a pack of 52 cards. n(S) 50
Find the probability of getting a king or a ii. B : opted only NSS but not NCC
heart or a red card. 6
n(B) 12
Solution: P(B) = = =
n(S) 50 25
Total number of cards = 52 ; n(S) = 52. iii. C : opted only one
Let A be the event of getting a king card.
P(C) =
n(C)
=
(10 + 12) = 22 = 11
n(A) 4
n(A) = 4 ; P(A) = = n(S) 50 50 25
n(S) 52
19. T
wo dice are rolled once. Find the probability
Let B be the event of getting a heart card
of getting an even number on the first die or
n(B) 13 a total of face sum 8.
n(B) = 13; P(B) = =
n(S) 52
Solution:
Let C be the event of getting a red card
S = {(1,1), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6)
n(C) 26 (2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5), (2,6)
n(C) = 26; P(C) = =
n(S) 52 (3,1), (3,2), (3,3), (3,4), (3,5), (3,6)
1
P(A B) = P(getting heart king) = (4,1), (4,2), (4,3), (4,4), (4,5), (4,6)
52 (5,1), (5,2), (5,3), (5,4), (5,5), (5,6)
13
P(B C) = P(getting red and heart) = (6,1), (6,2), (6,3), (6,4), (6,5), (6,6)}
52
2 n(S) =36
P(A C) = P(getting red king) =
52 A = Probability of getting an even number in
P(A B C) = P(getting heart, king which is the first die.
1 A = {(2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5), (2,6)
red) =
52 (4,1), (4,2), (4,3), (4,4), (4,5), (4,6)
Therefore, required probability is (6,1), (6,2), (6,3), (6,4), (6,5), (6,6))}
n(A) 18
P (A B C) = P(A) + P(B) + P(C) – P(A B) – n(A) = 18; P(A) = =
n(S) 36
P(B C) – P(A C) + P(A B C)
B = Probability of getting a total face sum is 8
4 13 26 1 13 1
= + + – – – 2 + B = {(2,6), (3,5), (4,4), (5,3), (6,2)}
52 52 52 52 52 52 52
28 n(B) 5
7 n(B) = 5; P(B) = =
= = n(S) 36
52 13
A B = {(2,6), (4, 4), (6, 2)}
18. I n a class of 50 students, 28 opted for NCC,
30 opted for NSS and 18 opted both NCC n(A B) = 3
and NSS. One of the students is selected at 3
P(A B) =
random. Find the probability that 36
(i) The student opted for NCC but not NSS. P(A B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A∩B)
(ii) The student opted for NSS but not NCC.

Minimum Material
57
18 5 3 21. T
hree unbiased coins are tossed once. Find
= + – the probability of getting atmost 2 tails or
36 36 36
atleast 2 heads.
20 5
= = Solution:
36 9
S = {HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, TTT, TTH, THT,
20. A
box contains cards numbered 3, 5, 7, 9, HTT}
… 35, 37. A card is drawn at random from
n(S) = 8
the box. Find the probability that the drawn
card have either multiples of 7 or a prime A = Probability of getting atmost 2 tails
number. A = {HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, TTH, THT,
HTT}
Solution: 7
n(A) = 7 P(A) =
S = {3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 8
27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37} B = Probability of getting atmost 2 heads
n(S) = 18 B = {HHT, HTH, THH, HHH}
Let A = Multiple of 7 4
n(B) = 4 P(B) =
8
A= {7, 21, 35}, n(A) = 3 4
P(A B) =
3 8
P(A) =
18 P (A B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A B)
Let B = a Prime number 7 4 7
= + – =
B = {3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37} 8 8 8
11
n(B) = 11; P(B) = ***
18
A B = {7} n(A B) = 1
1
P(A B) =
18
P(Either A or B) = P(A B)
= P(A) + P(B) – P(A B)
3 11 1 13
= + – =
18 18 18 18
58
GOVT QUESTION PAPER - SEPTEMBER 2020
CLASS: X MATHEMATICS
Time allowed: 3.00 Hours Maximum Marks: 100
Instructions : 1. Check the question paper for fairness of printing. If there is any lack of fairness inform the hall
supervisor immediately.
2. Use Blue or Black ink to write and underline and pencil to draw diagrams.
Note: This question paper contains four parts.
PART - I
Note : (i) Answer all the questions. 14×1=14
(ii) Choose the most appropriate answer from the given four alternatives and write the option
code and the corresponding answer.
1. I f A = {1, 2}, B = {1, 2, 3, 4}, C = {5, 6} and D = {5, 6, 7, 8}, then state which of the following
statement is true?
a) (A×C) Ì (B×D) b) (B×D) Ì (A×C) c) (A×B) Ì (A×D) d) (D×A) Ì (B×A)
2. Let f(x) = x2 – x, then f (x – 1) – f (x + 1) is
a) 4x b) 2 – 2x c) 2 – 4x d) 4x – 2
3. U
sing Euclid’s division lemma, if the cube of any positive integer is divided by 9, then the possible
remainders are
a) 0, 1, 8 b) 1, 4, 8 c) 0, 1, 3 d) 1, 3, 5
4. If A = 265 and B = 264 + 263 + 262 + ....... + 20, which of the following is true?
a) B is 264 more than A b) A and B are equal c) B is larger than A by 1 d) A is larger than B by 1
2 2
a b
5. 2 2
+ 2 =
a -b b - a2
a) a – b b) a + b c) a2 – b2 d) 1
6. Transpose of a column matrix is
a) unit matrix b) diagonal matrix c) column matrix d) row matrix
7. In DLMN, ∠ L=60°, ∠ M = 50°. If ∆LMN ~ ∆PQR, then the value of Ð R is
a) 40° b) 70° c) 30° d) 110°
8. In the figure, if PR is tangent to the circle at P and O is the centre of the circle, then ∠ POQ is
a) 120°
b) 100°
c) 110°
d) 90°
9. The straight line given by the equation x = 11 is
a) Parallel to x-axis b) Parallel to y-axis
c) Passing through the origin d) Passing through the point (0, 11)
10. If tanθ + cotθ = 2, then the value of tan2θ + cot2θ is
a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 4
11. A
child reshapes a cone made up of clay of height 24 cm and radius 6 cm into a sphere, then the
radius of sphere is
a) 24 cm b) 12 cm c) 6 cm d) 48 cm
12. A
spherical ball of radius r1 units is melted to make 8 new identical balls each of radius r2 units.
Then r1 : r2 is
a) 2 : 1 b) 1 : 2 c) 4 : 1 d) 1 : 4

Minimum Material
59
13. The mean of 100 observations is 40 and their standard deviation is 3. The sum of squares of all
deviations is
a) 40000 b) 160900 c) 160000 d) 30000
14. I f a letter is chosen at random from the English alphabets (a, b, c, ...., z), then the probability that
the letters chosen precedes x, is
12 1 23 3
a) b) c) d)
13 13 26 26
PART - II
Answer any 10 questions. Question No. 28 is compulsory. 10×2=20
15. If A × B = {(3, 2) (3, 4) (5, 2) (5, 4)}, then find A and B.
16. Show that the function f : N ® N defined by f (m) = m2 + m + 3 is one-one function.
17. If m, n are natural numbers, for what values of m, does 2n × 5m end in 5?
 n 2 if nis odd

18. Find the 3rd and 4th terms of a sequence, if an =  n 2
 if nis even
2
19. Find the value of 12 + 22 + 32 + ...... + 102 and hence deduce 22 + 42 + 62 + ..... + 202.
20. Find the value of k for which the equation 9x2 + 3kx + 4 = 0 has real and equal roots.
 7 −3
 
21. If A =  − 5 2  then find the transpose of –A.
 
 3 −5
22. Check whether AD is bisector of ÐA of DABC in the following:
AB = 5 cm, AC = 10 cm, BD = 1.5 cm and CD = 3.5 cm.
23. Find the slope of a line joining the points (14, 10) and (14, –6).
1 + sin q
24. Prove = secθ + tanθ
1 - sin q
25. Find the diameter of a sphere whose surface area is 154 m2.
26. If the base area of a hemispherical solid is 1386 sq. metres, then find its total surface area.
27. Find the range and coefficient of range of the data. 63, 89, 98, 125, 79, 108, 117, 68.
28. Find the volume of the iron used to make a hollow cylinder of height 9cm and whose internal and
external radii are 3 cm and 5 cm respectively.
PART - III
Answer any 10 questions. Question No. 42 is compulsory. 10×5=50
29. Let A = The set of all natural numbers less than 8
B = The set of all prime numbers less than 8
C = The set of even prime number. Verify that (AÇ B) × C = (A × C) ∩ (B × C)
30. Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and B = {2, 5, 8, 11, 14} be two sets. Let f : A ® B be a function given by
f(x) = 3x – 1. Represent this function i) by Arrow diagram ii) in a table form
iii) as a set of ordered pairs iv) in a graphical form
31. Find the sum of all natural numbers between 100 and 1000 which are divisible by 11.
32. Solve: 6x + 2y – 5z = 13; 3x + 3y – 2z = 13; 7x + 5y – 3z = 26
33. Find the GCD of the polynomials, x4 + 3x3 – x – 3 and x3 + x2 – 5x + 3.
34. Find the square root of 64x4 −16x3 + 17x2 − 2x + 1
 2 −1
æ 1 2 1ö
35. If A = ç and B =  −1 4  show that (AB)T = BTAT.
è 2 -1 1÷ø  
 0 2
60
36. State and prove Angle Bisector theorem.
37. Find the value of k, if the area of a quadrilateral is 29 sq. units, whose vertices are (–4, –2), (–3, k),
(3, –2) and (2, 3).
38. From the top of a tower 60m high, the angles of depression of the top and bottom of a vertical lamp
post are observed to be 38° and 60° respectively. Find the height of the lamp post. (tan 38° = 0.7813,
3 = 1.732)
39. A cylindrical glass with diameter 20 cm has water to a height of 9 cm. A small non-hollow cylindrical
metal of radius 5 cm and height 4 cm is immersed in it completely. Calculate the rise of water in the
glass.
40. The scores of a cricketer in 7 matches are 70, 80, 60, 50, 40, 90, 95. Find the standard deviation.
41. Two unbiased dice are rolled once. Find the probability of getting:
i) a doublet (equal numbers on both dice) ii) the product as a prime number
iii) the sum as a prime number iv) the sum as 1
42. A straight line AB cuts the co-ordinate axes at A and B. If the mid-point of AB is (2, 3), find the
equation of AB.
B (0, y)
A (x, 0)
PART - IV
Answer all the questions. 2×8=16
6
43. a) Construct a triangle similar to a given triangle ABC with its sides equal to of the corresponding
6 5
sides of the triangle ABC.  scale factor 
 5
OR
b) Draw two tangents from a point which is 10 cm away from the centre of a circle of radius 5 cm.
Also measure the lengths of the tangents.
44. a) Graph the quadratic equation x2 – 8x + 16 = 0 and state the nature of their solution.
OR
b) A garment shop announces a flat 50% discount on every purchase of items for their customers.
Draw the graph for the relation between the Marked Price and the Discount.
Hence find
(i) the marked price when a customer gets a discount of ` 3250 (from graph)
(ii) the discount when the marked price is ` 2500
***

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EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

At the state level, we secured the 11th place in the Government

jd;dk;gpf;if + tplhKaw;rp + fod ciHg;g[ = btw;wp

A. Sivamoorthy, Government High School, Perumbakkam, Villupuram District.

the outstanding performance in Tenth Public Examination last

Congratulations to all the teachers who are taking atmost

care to improve the level of gifted students as well as the slow

learners with colourful marks.

Still we are in a position to enhance the percentage of X

Standard result in Villupuram District in the State Level.

"In my point of view a dedicated and service - minded

teacher is blessed by the God Over"

Hence it is my appeal to all the Tenth handing teachers to

With Best Wishes

Mrs.K.Krishnapriya, B.Sc., M.A., B.Ed.,

Chief Educational Officer, Villupuram District.

score more than 90 percentage of marks in Mathematics in the Public Examination.

I am in a position to express my hearty gratitude to our respected CEO Madam and

1 Relations and Functions 2 1 1 -

2 Numbers and Sequences 2 1 1 -

8 Statistics and Probability 1 2 1 -

Total Questions 14(12) 14(9) 14(7) 2(2)

All the Book Back 1 mark questions well,

4. Construct a triangle similar to a given

2. Cons Construct a triangle similar to a given N' M1

5. Construct a triangle similar to a given

A. SIVAMOORTHY, BT. Asst. GHS, Perumpakkam, Villupuram Dt.

8. Draw a circle of radius 4 cm. At a point L

12. Draw the two tangents from a point which

A. SIVAMOORTHY, BT. Asst. GHS, Perumpakkam, Villupuram Dt.

A. SIVAMOORTHY, BT. Asst. GHS, Perumpakkam, Villupuram Dt.

6. Draw the graph of xy = 24, x, y > 0. Using the graph find,

A. SIVAMOORTHY, BT. Asst. GHS, Perumpakkam, Villupuram Dt.

Time Taken (in 40

xy = 2×45 = 3×30 = …..6×15 = 9×10 = 90 28

five pipes are used is 18. 10

Solution: I. Table(Given) 180

Amount for each 140

Amount for each participants

When ‘x’ increases, ‘y’ also decreases.

Hence, inverse variation. i.e. xy = k

Constant of Variation: k = 360 40

When x = 12 xy = 360 12y = 360 30

II. Variation: 280

When ‘x’ increases, ‘y’ also increases. 260

Thus, the variation is a direct variation. 240

y 60 120 180 360

Required Equation is y = 15x

From the graph, when parking time is 6 hours,

1510, then the parking duration is 10 hours. X’ 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26

A. SIVAMOORTHY, BT. Asst. GHS, Perumpakkam, Villupuram Dt.

iii. A = {m, n}, B = φ

A. SIVAMOORTHY, BT. Asst. GHS, Perumpakkam, Villupuram Dt.

A. SIVAMOORTHY, BT. Asst. GHS, Perumpakkam, Villupuram Dt.

A. SIVAMOORTHY, BT. Asst. GHS, Perumpakkam, Villupuram Dt.

= (i) –9, 20 (ii) 5 , 4 SEP-21

A. SIVAMOORTHY, BT. Asst. GHS, Perumpakkam, Villupuram Dt.

A. SIVAMOORTHY, BT. Asst. GHS, Perumpakkam, Villupuram Dt.

A. SIVAMOORTHY, BT. Asst. GHS, Perumpakkam, Villupuram Dt.

A. SIVAMOORTHY, BT. Asst. GHS, Perumpakkam, Villupuram Dt.

5 Marks 2. State and Prove Angle Bisector Theorem.

Hence the theorem is proved.

4. Construct a triangle similar to a given

2. Cons Construct a triangle similar to a given N' M1

5. Construct a triangle similar to a given

8. Draw a circle of radius 4 cm. At a point L

12. Draw the two tangents from a point which

When ‘x’ increases, ‘y’ also decreases.

When ‘x’ increases, ‘y’ also increases. 260

From the graph, when parking time is 6 hours,

= (i) –9, 20 (ii) 5 , 4 SEP-21