J249 04 Paper Dec 17

Oxford Cambridge and RSA
H
GCSE (9–1) Physics A (Gateway Science)
J249/04 Paper 4, P5 – P8 and P9 (Higher Tier)
Year 11 Test
Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes
You must have:
• a ruler (cm/mm)
• the Data Sheet for GCSE Physics A
You may use:
• a scientific or graphical calculator
• an HB pencil
First name
Last name
Centre Candidate
number number
INSTRUCTIONS
• Use black ink. You may use an HB pencil for graphs and diagrams.
• Complete the boxes above with your name, centre number and candidate number.
• Answer all the questions.
• Write your answer to each question in the space provided. Additional paper may be
used if required but you must clearly show your candidate number, centre number and
question number(s).
• Do not write in the barcodes.
INFORMATION
• The total mark for this paper is 90.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets [ ].
• Quality of extended responses will be assessed in the questions marked with an
asterisk (*).
• This document consists of 24 pages.
© OCR 2017 Practice paper OCR is an exempt Charity

DC (KS/TP) 162084/5 Turn over
2
SECTION A
Answer all the questions.
1 Which sentence about electromagnetic waves is true?
A They are longitudinal waves, transmitted through space with the same velocity.
B They are transverse waves, transmitted through air with the same velocity.
C They are transverse waves, transmitted through space with different velocities.
D They are transverse waves, transmitted through space with the same velocity.
Your answer [1]
2 Light from other galaxies can be red-shifted.
Which sentence about red-shift is true?
A Light from galaxies moving away from us undergoes red-shift.
B Light from galaxies moving towards us undergoes red-shift.
C Nearby galaxies show more red-shift than distant galaxies.
D Stationary galaxies undergo red-shift.
Your answer [1]
3 Which row in the table about nuclear fission is true?
A Uranium-235 Hit by neutron Splits into smaller nuclei and more neutrons
B Uranium-235 Hit by proton Creates larger nuclei and fewer neutrons
C Uranium-235 Hit by electron Splits into smaller nuclei and more neutrons
D Uranium-235 Hit by neutron Creates larger nuclei and more neutrons
Your answer [1]
© OCR 2017 Practice paper J249/04

3
4 Which wave has the longest wavelength and is used in radiotherapy for cancer treatment?
A Gamma-ray
B Infrared
C Ultraviolet
D X-ray
Your answer [1]
5 A student wants to calculate the kinetic energy (KE) of a toy car.
Which equation does she use?

1
A KE = × mass × velocity
2
1
B KE = × mass × velocity × 2
2
1
C KE = × (mass × velocity)2
2
1
D KE = × mass × (velocity)2
2
Your answer [1]
© OCR 2017 Practice paper J249/04 Turn over

4
6 Which ray diagram shows the action of a strong concave lens?
Your answer [1]

5
7 Which sentence about the nuclear fusion of hydrogen is true?
A When hydrogen atomic nuclei join to make a large nucleus, energy is absorbed.
B When hydrogen atomic nuclei join to make a large nucleus, energy is emitted.
C When hydrogen atomic nuclei split to make a large nucleus, energy is emitted.
D When hydrogen atomic nuclei split to make a large nucleus, energy is absorbed.
Your answer [1]
8 A lorry accelerates from 0 km / h to 100 km / h in about 25 s.
Estimate the acceleration of the lorry.
A 1 m / s2
B 3 m / s2
C 6 m / s2
D 10 m / s2
Your answer [1]
9 Which statement describes Newton’s 3rd law of motion?
A Energy can be neither created or destroyed
B Every action has an equal and opposite reaction
C Force = mass × acceleration
D Objects with balanced forces acting on them will stay at rest, or in constant motion
Your answer [1]
10 Which formula is correct?
A Pressure (N) = force normal to a surface (N) / area of that surface (m3)
B Pressure (Pa) = force normal to a surface (kg) / area of that surface (m2)
C Pressure (Pa) = force normal to a surface (N) / area of that surface (m)
D Pressure (Pa) = force normal to a surface (N) / area of that surface (m2)
Your answer [1]

6
11 Which sentence about pressure in liquids is correct?
A Pressure causes a net force at all angles to any surface.
B Pressure causes a net force at right angles to any surface.
C Pressure causes a net force downwards to any surface.
D Pressure causes a net force upwards on any surface.
Your answer [1]
12 A radio wave has a frequency of 3 × 106 Hz and a velocity of 3 × 108 m / s.
What is the wavelength of this radio wave?
A 1m
B 10 m
C 100 m
D 1000 m
Your answer [1]
13 A moving rocket has a velocity of 20 m / s and a momentum of 24 000 kgm / s.
Calculate the mass of the rocket.
A 48 000 kg
B 24 000 kg
C 12 000 kg
D 1200 kg
Your answer [1]

7
14 A lunar lander weighs 24 500 N on the moon and has a mass of 15 100 kg.
Calculate the gravitational field strength (g) on the surface of the moon.
A 0.616 m / s2
B 1.62 m / s2
C 10.00 m / s2
D 3.70 × 108 m / s2
Your answer [1]
15 A power supply provides 48 000 C of charge which transfers 24 000 J of energy to a circuit.
Calculate the voltage of the power supply.
A 0.5 V
B 2V
C 12 V
D 1.152 MV
Your answer [1]

8
SECTION B
Answer all the questions.
16 Students in a class investigate stopping distances using bicycles.
They compare the stopping distances for one student riding a bicycle at different speeds.
Look at the results they collected.
Speed Thinking distance Braking distance Stopping distance

(m / s) (m) (m) (m)
2 1.6 1.2 2.8
4 3.2 4.8 8.0
6 4.8 10.8 15.6
8
(a) Describe how halving the speed affects the thinking distance.
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) Describe how tripling (×3) the speed affects the braking distance.
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(c) The student travels at a new speed. He has to brake suddenly.

The reaction time for the student is 0.8 s and the thinking distance is 7.2 m.
Use the formula: distance = speed × time
Calculate the initial speed of the student.
Answer = .................................................. m / s [2]
(d) The student now travels at 8 m / s.
Calculate the stopping distance at this new speed.
Answer = ..................................................... m [3]

9
(e) Five other students in the class measure their reaction time.
Look at their results.
Student Reaction time

(s)
A 0.82
B 0.77
C 0.78
D 0.83
E
The average reaction time for the students is 0.81 m / s.
Calculate the reaction time of student E.
Answer = ....................................................... s [2]
(f) It is difficult to measure the thinking distance for the student on the bicycle.
Suggest why.
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(g) Name two different factors that may increase reaction time when riding a bicycle.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(h) Name two different factors that may increase braking distance when riding a bicycle.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
[2]

10
17 Our Sun formed from a large cloud of dust and gas in space.
Explain how this dust and gas changed to produce a star that is now in a long stable period of
energy production.
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................... [4]

11
18 A rollercoaster car at A is lifted up the slope by an electric motor. It is lifted up the slope until it
reaches B.
Rollercoaster car B
E
C G
Pool of water
A
D F H
At B, the electric motor is switched off. The rollercoaster car rolls down the slope past C.
It continues its journey until it is slowed by the pool of water at H.
(a) Explain what happens to the energy stored by the rollercoaster car when it reaches the pool
of water at H.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [3]
(b) The highest part of the rollercoaster ride is B. Part G is lower than part E.
Explain why the height of the slope must reduce along the rollercoaster ride.
Use ideas about the conservation of energy in your answer.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [4]
(c) The rollercoaster car has a mass of 1200 kg. It gains 240 kJ of energy when lifted to B.
Calculate the height of the slope in metres (m).
The acceleration due to gravity (g) = 10 m / s2.
Answer = ..................................................... m [4]

12
BLANK PAGE

13
19 This question is about radioactivity.
(a) Radon (Rn) is a radioactive element. It decays by emitting an alpha particle to form
polonium (Po). The polonium decays to lead (Pb) and then bismuth (Bi).
Complete the four spaces in the decay series.
4 4 0
α α .............
2 2 –1
220 ........... 212 ..........

Rn Po Pb Bi
86 84 82 ..........
[4]
(b) Carbon is an element. It has 6 protons in its nucleus.
Carbon-12, carbon-13 and carbon-14 are isotopes of carbon.
Complete the six spaces to show the differences between these isotopes of carbon.
carbon-12 carbon-13 carbon-14
................ ................ ................

C C C
................ ................ ................
[2]

14
(c)* Carbon-14 is a radioactive isotope produced in the atmosphere by cosmic rays.
It is taken in by trees as they grow. When the trees die they stop taking in carbon-14.
The carbon-14 already in the trees decays.
Carbon-14 has a half-life of 5.73 × 103 years and is used to find the age of ancient trees.
Two scientists collect information about living and ancient trees. They examine the same size
samples from each tree.
Tree Type of tree Mass of carbon-14 Age of tree

in sample since death
(g) (years)
A Living tree 1.95 0
B Ancient tree 0.06
C Ancient tree 0.12
They have different conclusions about the data.
Scientist one – Tree C is the oldest as there is more carbon-14 left.
Scientist two – Tree B is the oldest. It is twice the age of tree C.

15
Use the data to evaluate the conclusions made by the two scientists and use the data to
determine the ages since death of trees B and C.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [6]

16
20 This question is about energy generation in the UK.
(a) Power stations burn fuels to provide the kinetic energy needed to generate electricity.
(i) Look at the information about a coal power station.
10 000 MJ 3500 MJ
input from Coal power station useful
coal electrical
output
3500 MJ heat 3000 MJ heat lost through condensed steam.

lost through This goes into cooling towers and is dumped
chimney into the river.
Use the formula: efficiency = useful output energy transfer (J) ÷ input energy transfer (J)
Calculate the % of energy wasted by the coal power station.
Answer = ..................................................... % [3]

17
(ii) Community power stations are more efficient.
Look at the information about a community power station.
10 000 MJ 3500 MJ
input from Community power station useful
coal electrical
output
2600 MJ heat 3900 MJ heat used to heat

lost through homes, hospitals, public
chimney buildings and schools
Using the data, show how the efficiency of a community power station is more than
double the efficiency of a coal power station.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [4]
(iii) Unfortunately, in the UK, there are very few community power stations.
Suggest why.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [2]

18
(b) Power stations use transformers to change the potential difference (p.d.).
Look at the diagram of a transformer.
Primary p.d. across the coils Secondary p.d. across the coils
= 20 000 V = 400 000 V
Primary coil = 520 turns Secondary coil
potential difference across primary coil number of turns in primary coil

Use the formula: =
potential difference across secondary coil number of turns in secondary coil
Calculate the number of turns in the secondary coil.
Answer = ......................................................... [3]
(c) This transformer changes the p.d. across the coils from 20 000 V to 400 000 V.
The transformer is designed to work in ambient temperatures up to 50 °C and must be

surrounded by oil.
(i) Suggest one reason why the transformer must be surrounded by oil.
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [1]

19
(ii) Suggest why the temperature of 50 °C cannot be exceeded.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(d) The national grid has power lines.
Electricity is sent through national grid power lines A and B.
Power line Potential difference Current Resistance Power loss

(V) (A) (Ω) (W)
A 400 000 250 3
B 275 000 5 000 80
(i) Calculate the power loss for each power line.
Power line A
Answer = .......................................................... W
Power line B
Answer = .......................................................... W
[4]
(ii) Explain why power line A, with a potential difference of 400 000 V, is usually used in the
national grid.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [2]

20
21 Mains electricity is used in homes to power the heater in a metal hair dryer.
The three wires used in mains electricity are:
• Live wire
• Neutral wire
• Earth wire.
Look at the simple diagram including the circuit for a heater in a metal hair dryer.
Switch in the
hair dryer
Fuse Live wire Heater
Mains switch Earth wire Neutral wire

in the plug connected to
socket metal case of
heater
If there is an electrical fault, the fuse and earth wire work together to keep the person using the
metal hair dryer safe. Explain how.
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................... [3]

21
22 A student uses energy from the Sun to heat cold water.
She puts cold water into a black teapot and measures the temperature of the water.
Thermometer
Infra-red waves
from the Sun
Black teapot
containing water
Look at the results she gets.
Temperature (°C)
45
20
0 200 Time (minutes)
(a) State why the water gets hotter in the first 200 minutes.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) Explain why the black teapot remains at a steady temperature after 200 minutes.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [3]

22
23 A student puts a trolley on a horizontal surface.

The trolley is at rest and has a string attached which runs over a pulley.
A force supplied by the weight makes the trolley move in the direction of the arrow.
Look at the diagram.
Trolley String
Pulley
Horizontal
surface
Weight
(a) Explain how the student could determine the acceleration of the trolley.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]

23
(b) The student uses a 5 N weight (force) to pull the trolley.
He repeats the experiment a few times with trolleys of different masses and calculates the
average acceleration of each trolley.
Look at his results.
Force on string Mass of trolley Average acceleration

(N) (kg) (m / s2)
5 1.0 3.96
5 1.5 2.66
5 2.0 2.02
5 2.5 1.59
5 3.0 1.34
(i) Plot the five points for mass of trolley against average acceleration.
4.0
3.0
Average
acceleration
(m / s2) 2.0
1.0
0.0
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
Mass of trolley (kg)
[1]
(ii) Use the graph to estimate the acceleration of a 4 kg trolley.
Answer = ................................................ m / s2 [1]

24
(iii) The student wants to improve his results.

The acceleration seems to be much lower than he expects.
Suggest two ways of improving his results so the acceleration is higher.
Improvement 1 ..................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
Improvement 2 ..................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
[2]
END OF QUESTION PAPER
Oxford Cambridge and RSA

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Oxford Cambridge and RSA

© OCR 2017 Practice paper OCR is an exempt Charity

Answer all the questions.

1 Which sentence about electromagnetic waves is true?

Your answer [1]

2 Light from other galaxies can be red-shifted.

Which sentence about red-shift is true?

A Light from galaxies moving away from us undergoes red-shift.

B Light from galaxies moving towards us undergoes red-shift.

C Nearby galaxies show more red-shift than distant galaxies.

D Stationary galaxies undergo red-shift.

Your answer [1]

3 Which row in the table about nuclear fission is true?

Your answer [1]

© OCR 2017 Practice paper J249/04

Your answer [1]

5 A student wants to calculate the kinetic energy (KE) of a toy car.

Which equation does she use?

Your answer [1]

© OCR 2017 Practice paper J249/04 Turn over

6 Which ray diagram shows the action of a strong concave lens?

Your answer [1]

© OCR 2017 Practice paper J249/04

7 Which sentence about the nuclear fusion of hydrogen is true?

Your answer [1]

8 A lorry accelerates from 0 km / h to 100 km / h in about 25 s.

Estimate the acceleration of the lorry.

Your answer [1]

9 Which statement describes Newton’s 3rd law of motion?

A Energy can be neither created or destroyed

B Every action has an equal and opposite reaction

C Force = mass × acceleration

Your answer [1]

10 Which formula is correct?

Your answer [1]

© OCR 2017 Practice paper J249/04 Turn over

11 Which sentence about pressure in liquids is correct?

A Pressure causes a net force at all angles to any surface.

B Pressure causes a net force at right angles to any surface.

C Pressure causes a net force downwards to any surface.

D Pressure causes a net force upwards on any surface.

Your answer [1]

12 A radio wave has a frequency of 3 × 106 Hz and a velocity of 3 × 108 m / s.

What is the wavelength of this radio wave?

Your answer [1]

13 A moving rocket has a velocity of 20 m / s and a momentum of 24 000 kgm / s.

Calculate the mass of the rocket.

Your answer [1]

© OCR 2017 Practice paper J249/04

Your answer [1]

Calculate the voltage of the power supply.

Your answer [1]

© OCR 2017 Practice paper J249/04 Turn over

Answer all the questions.

16 Students in a class investigate stopping distances using bicycles.

Look at the results they collected.

Speed Thinking distance Braking distance Stopping distance