Elmergib University

College of Engineering / Department of Electrical and

computer Engineering

Electronic Lab 1

Experiment No 1

Subject: lap measurement for silicon diode zenor

diode and light emitting diode, forward and reverse
bias.

Name: Mohamed Ibrahim Salih.

Number: 3217109
Part 1
Purpose of the experiment:
To understand basic operation of zenor diode and its
applications
Materials required:
 2 Digital multi meter
 Dc power supply
 1KΩ Resistor
 Silicon diode
 Wires
Forward bias
When we connect the diode to the battery so that the (p) side of
the diode is connected to the positive electrode of the battery and
the (N) side is connected to the negative electrode, then the
electrons in the negative part repel the negative electrode

of the battery and rushes to cross the junction to the side (P).
While the gaps repel the positive electrode of the battery and
rush to cross the junction to the (N) side. The depletion region
becomes a simple barrier (the barrier narrows) in the way of
electrons movement, and therefore the electrons need a small
potential difference that enables them to exceed the barrier , in
the case of silicon material, the barrier voltage is 0.7
Procedure:
1. Connect the circuit as shown
2. Apply supply voltage slightly and write down the results
in the table
V 0.59 0.705 0.75 0.76 0.77 0.77 0.789 0.8
8
I(mA) 0.00 0.325 1.55 2.23 2.92 3.63 4.01 7.78
6

5
I(mA)

4
Y-Values
3

0
0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85
V

Revers bias:
 When the reverse bias breakdown voltage is exceeded, a
conventional diode is subject to high current due to breakdown,
unless this current is restricted in the circuits, the diode may be
permanently damaged by overheating. The zener diode exhibits
roughly the same characteristics, except that the device is
specifically designed to have a low breakdown voltage, this is
called the zener voltage. Unlike a conventional device a reverse
biased zener diode gives controlled breakdown and allows current
to maintain voltage between the electrodes of the zener diode.

1. Connect the circuit as shown below

2. Apply supply voltage slightly and record the readings

in the results table
V -1.03 -2.21 -1.55 -2.01 -2.51 -3 -3.315
I(mA) -0.01 -0.07 -0.01 -0.039 -0.18 -0.73 -1.62

-3.4 -3.5 -3.6 -3.7 -3.9 -4 -4.05

-2.03 -2.56 -2.29 -4.18 -6.89 -8.84 -10.17
Drawing V verses I
0
-4.5 -4 -3.5 -3 -2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5

-0.002

-0.004
I(mA)

-0.006
Y-Values

-0.008

-0.01

-0.012
V

Discussion:
When we remove applied revers voltage to the zenor diode the
diode characteristic still the same, unlike the normal diode when
reverse voltage exceed the breakdown voltage the diode will be
damaged.
Conclusion:
 Zenor diode main use in reverse bias.
 Zenor diode can be used in many application as a voltage
regulation, also on clipping circuits.
Part 3
Light emitting diode (LED):

In this section we will do the same lap measurement which we

have discussed for normal silicon diode and zenor diode, so
forward and reverse bias will be applied to LED and the readings
tabled down.
Results table:

Forward bias:
V 1 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.88 1.89 1.9 1.92 1.97 1.99
A(m) 0 0 0.00 0.3 1.05 1.29 1.5 2.12 3.66 4.22
2

V 1.98 2 2.01 2.02 2.0 2.04 2.0 2.07 2.0 2.1

3 6 9
A(m 4 4.7 5.05 5.48 5.7 6.35 6.8 7.33 8.3 9.86
) 4 3 9 3

Reverse bias:

V -0.01 -2.07 -2.99 -4.03 -5.07

A(µ) -0.2 -0.32 -0.41 -0.51 -0.61
Forward and reverse bias characteristic:

led 12

10

6
current

0
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

-2
voltage

Conclusion:
 Light emitting diode has the same characteristic like silicon
diode but with larger value for Vth (The threshold voltage)
which is appear in the graph (1.7V).
 LED Emits light when current flows through it releasing
energy in the form of photons.

Reviewers:
 Electronic Device & Circuit Theory 11th Edition
ROPERT BOYLESTAD
 https://www.wikipedia.org/