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Pretest Pharma GIT Question
Pretest Pharma GIT Question
Pretest Pharma GIT Question
and Nutrition
Antacids Antidiarrheals
Histamine-2 (H2)-receptor antago- Agents for dissolution of gallstones
nists Agents for inflammatory bowel dis-
Muscarinic receptor antagonists ease
Proton-pump inhibitors Agents for portal system encephal-
Mucosal protective agents opathy
Pancreatic replacement enzymes Vitamins
Laxatives
Questions
DIRECTIONS: Each item below contains a question or incomplete
statement followed by suggested responses. Select the one best response to
each question.
215
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216 Pharmacology
392. Bismuth salts are thought to be effective in peptic ulcer disease because
they have bactericidal properties against
a. Escherichia coli
b. Bacteroides fragilis
c. Clostridium difficile
d. Helicobacter pylori
e. Staphylococcus aureus
394. For the severe form of nodulocystic acne vulgaris, the first line of
therapy is the systemic use of
a. Vitamin A
b. Retinol
c. Tetracycline
d. Isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid)
e. Ciprofloxacin
398. In the United States, the recommended daily allowances (RDAs) are
periodically developed by the
a. National Research Council (NRC)
b. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
c. Department of Agriculture
d. Department of Commerce
e. Surgeon General
Gastrointestinal System and Nutrition 219
Questions 402–403
Match each vitamin with the appropriate description.
a. Excess amounts should be avoided when the patient is on levodopa (L-dopa)
b. Overdosage may lead to a psychotic state
c. Improvement of vision especially in daylight might be attributable to this vitamin
d. This vitamin is usually not included in the popular one-a-day vitamin prepara-
tions
e. Retinoic acid is the natural form
f. Acute intoxication with this vitamin causes hypertension, nausea, and vomit-
ing, and signs of increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure
g. This vitamin has hormonal functions
h. This fat-soluble vitamin has mainly antioxidant properties
i. In its water-soluble form, this fat-soluble vitamin is capable of producing ker-
nicterus
403. Pyridoxine
Questions 404–405
For each vitamin, match the appropriate use or deficiency.
a. Large doses are used to treat hyperlipoproteinemia
b. Large doses are used to acidify urine
c. This vitamin is used in the therapy of Wernicke’s syndrome
d. Large doses are used to cure psychosis
e. Deficiency can cause angular stomatitis
f. Deficiency can cause the common cold
g. Deficiency can cause convulsions in children
404. Riboflavin
405. Thiamine
Gastrointestinal System and Nutrition 221
Questions 406–407
Match the main therapeutic potential with the correctly listed GI drug.
a. Ranitidine
b. Metronidazole
c. Omeprazole
d. Sucralfate
e. Misoprostol
f. Ca carbonate
g. Loperamide
Questions 408–409
There are different mechanisms by which laxatives achieve their effects.
Match the mechanism to the correct drug.
a. Mg sulfate
b. Methylcellulose
c. Phenolphthalein
d. Castor oil
e. Lactulose
f. Mineral oil
g. Docusate Na (dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate)
409. Increases colonic peristalsis and enhances fluid and electrolyte secre-
tion into the bowel
222 Pharmacology
Questions 410–411
A large number of endogenous and exogenous agents act to alter the rate of
acid secretion by the parietal cell. Match the mechanism to the agent.
a. Histamine
b. Gastrin
c. Acetylcholine (ACh)
d. Aspirin
e. Food
f. Al hydroxide
g. Bismuth subsalicylate
h. Omeprazole
i. Misoprostol
j. Sucralfate
223
224 Pharmacology
receptor in the CNS. It also raises the lower esophageal sphincter pressure
and relaxes the pyloric sphincter, which hastens gastric emptying time.
This makes it useful in the therapy of reflux esophagitis.
study of the nutritional needs of healthy persons. The FDA is responsible for
the labeling of nutritional products, but it does not determine the RDAs.
410–411. The answers are 410-i, 411-d. (Hardman, pp 156, 622, 624.)
Misoprostol, a methyl analogue of PGE1, is used in the prevention of ulcers
that are caused by NSAIDs, especially in patients with rheumatoid arthri-
tis. Misoprostol inhibits gastric secretion. Because of its stimulatory effect
on the uterus, it is contraindicated in women of childbearing age.
Prostaglandins, especially PGE2 and PGI2, stimulate inhibitory G protein,
which controls adenylate cyclase, so as to decrease the production of cAMP
and, thus, decrease the action of the H+,K+,ATPase pump through protein
kinase. Aspirin and other NSAIDs inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins,
allowing stimulatory G protein to be activated by other mechanisms and,
thus, allowing the parietal cell to secrete more acid.