COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING AT PUROK I-A BERNALES, BRGY.

TIPANOY, ILIGAN CITY

Presented to the Faculty of the School of Nursing

Adventist Medical Center College
Brgy. San Miguel, Iligan City

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Degree
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING

Abdulmalik, Hanimah S.
Araune, Lenvir
Dela Cruz, Shaneil B.
Dimaporo, Hanifa D.
Longos, John Zergei S.
Mangubat, Danica I.
Medina, Doneva Lyn B.
Montes, Rhea Mae S.
Obinay, Paloma L.
Salvan, Lynitte G.
Sam, Suzzaine Fritz P.

MARCH 7, 2023

i
 DEDICATION

We gratefully dedicate this work to our Almighty God,

who has guided us every step of the way.
To our families and clinical instructors,
who have been our sources of inspiration.
They provided us with motivation and discipline
to approach a task with enthusiasm and purpose.
This could not have happened.
without their love and assistance.

ii
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Aside from our efforts, the success of our study is primarily dependent on the help

and advice of many people. We would like to take this opportunity to thank everyone who

helped make this study a success. We would like to express our heartfelt gratitude and

appreciation to the following individuals who helped bring this study to fruition:

Ellen B. Lluisma, RN, Clinical Instructor, for your invaluable assistance, support,

and guidance. Thank you for your insights that led to the creation of this paper. Thank you

for your noble guidance and support with full encouragement and enthusiasm; this study

would not have been possible without you.

Roselyn S. Pacardo, RM, RN, MM, MAN, for the knowledge and wisdom you

have imparted in our study;

The respondents, who extended their immense help by providing the necessary

information, thereby assisting in the achievement of the study's goal.

To our parents, who are our greatest treasures. We appreciate your unending

financial, mental, and spiritual support, and for believing in us. Thank you for your

inspiration and motivation;

To our peers, thank you for your friendship and inspiration. Each of you was

always there to listen, to share your perspectives, and to keep us focused on the light at the

end of the tunnel; and

Above all, we praise God, the Almighty, merciful and passionate, for giving us the

strength, knowledge, ability, and opportunity to undertake this research study and to

persevere and complete it successfully. This accomplishment would not have been possible

without His blessings.

iii
 ABSTRACT

Title : COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING AT PUROK 1A,

BERNALES, TIPANOY, ILIGAN CITY

Researchers : ABDULMALIK, HANIMAH S.

ARAUNE, LENVIR
DELA CRUZ, SHANEIL B.
DIMAPORO, HANIFA D.
LONGOS, JOHN ZERGEI S.
MANGUBAT, DANICA I.
MEDINA, DONEVA LYN B.
MONTES, RHEA MAE S.
OBINAY, PALOMA L.
SALVAN, LYNITTE G.
SAM, SUZZAINE FRITZ P.

School : Adventist Medical Center College

Degree : Bachelor of Science in Nursing

Adviser: : Ellen B. Lluisma, RN

Date of Defense : March 2023

This study aimed to determine the environmental, socio-economic and health status
of Purok 1A, Bernales, Tipanoy, Iligan City. A descriptive research design was used to
collect information and statistically analyze the current status of community in terms of
environmental, soco-economic and health needs. The Needs Assessment Survey
Questionnaire was utilized as an instrument in the study to serve as a tool during the survey
among a total of 110 households of Purok 1A. The gathered data were statistically analyzed

iv
and interpreted using appropriate statistical tools including the Percentage-Frequency
Distribution Method.
The results showed that the majority of the respondents belonged to the group in

early adulthood, ranging from 19 to 30 years old (111 or 27.7%), the majority were female

(n= 212 or 52.9%), 239 or 59.6% who are single, and reach high school level (81 or 20.2%).

The households consist of nuclear family (34 or 31%), most of the respondents are

unemployed 260 (64.8%) and Roman Catholic (97 or 88.2%).

Most of the respondents’ lot ownership are government owned (56 or 50.9%) and

has mixed construction materials on their houses (79 or 71.9%). In terms of water supply,

majority of the respondents used a level III water works system ( 108 or 98.2%) and 58 or

52.7% are using National Water and Sewerage Authority (NAWASA) as the other source

of drinking water. In terms of drainage facility, all respondents has open drainage (110 or

100%) and garbage collection as their method of disposal (86 or 78.2%). Most of the

respondents used water-sealed latrine type of toilet (102 or 92.8%). Most of the respondents

owned a dog as a domestic animal (37 or 33.6%). In terms of the presence of hazards,

majority of the respondents are on the riverside and 110 or 100% has presence of breeding

or resting sites of insects. 7 or 1.75% of the respondents has hypertension. Majority of the

respondents do not smoke (81 or 73.6%), 73 or 66.4% are non-alcoholic drinkers and 110

or 100% of the respondents doesn’t use prohibited drugs.

Furthermore, data and observation identified problems such as (a) unemployment

(b) occurrence of hypertension (c) open-drainage (d) presence of hazards.

The study was limited only to the 110 households due to time constraints and other

residents were unavailable for interview.

v
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
TITLE PAGE i
DEDICATION ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii
ABSTRACT iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS vi
LIST OF TABLES viii
LIST OF GRAPHS ix

Chapter

1 INTRODUCTION 1

Rationale of the study 2

Statement of Objectives 3
Methodology/Tool Used 3
Limitation of the Study 5

2 SETTING OF THE COMMUNITY 6

Description 6
Boundaries 6
Total Population 6
Total Land Area 6
Physical Features 6
Climate 6
Medium of Communication 6
Means of Transportation 6
Resources Available in the Community 6
History 6
Spot Map 8

3 TARGET COMMUNITY PROFILE 9

4 ANALYSIS OF DATA 134

Identification of Health Problems 134

Prioritized Problem Identified 134

5 ACTION PLAN 143

vi
 Intervention Strategies 143
Specific Activities Done 143
GANT Chart 145
Budget Plan 154
Review of Related Literature 155

6 CONCULSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 161

7 REFERENCES 163
8 APPENDIX A 166
9 APPENDIX B 168
10 APPENDIX C 176
11 APPENDIX D 179
12 APPENDIX E 182
13 APPENDIX F 184

vii
 LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
1 Menstrual History 110
2 Birth History 112
3 Immunization Received 113

viii
 LIST OF GRAPHS
Page
1. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Age 10
2. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Gender 12
3. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Marital Status 13
4. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Educational Attainment 14
5. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Family Members Not Residing
in the Household but Contribute Resource Generation and Use 16
6. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Family Structure and Form 17
7. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Dominant Family Members in
Terms of Decision Making and Care-Tending 18
8. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Status of Employment 20
9. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Monthly Income 21
10. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Prioritization of Monthly Budget 23
11. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Income Decision Making 25
12. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Religion 26
13. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Length of Residency 27
14. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Ethnic Background 28
15. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Cultural Beliefs/Religious Beliefs
and Practices/Traditions that Affect Health 29
16. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Low Ownership 31
17. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Home Ownership 32
18. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Construction Materials Used 33
19. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Lighting Facilities 34
20. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Ventilation 35
21. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Food Storage 36
22. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Sanitary Condition 37
23. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Water Supply Source 38
24. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Other Types of Drinking Water 40
25. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Storage 41
26. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Cooking Facility 42

ix
27. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Sanitary Condition (Kitchen) 43
28. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Drainage Facility 45
29. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Refuse and Garbage 46
30. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Method of Disposal 47
31. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Types of Toilet 49
32. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Sanitary Condition (Toilet) 50
33. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Domestic Animals 51
34. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Place Animal Kept 53
35. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Animal Sanitary Condition 54
36. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Presence of Hazards 56
37. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Food Establishment 58
38. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Non-Food Establishment 59
39. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Resting Sites of Insects 60
40. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of General Sanitary 62
41. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Housing Congestion 63
42. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Social/Recreational Facilities 65
43. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Availability of Health Care Service 66
44. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Communication Facilities Available 67
45. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Transportation Facilities Available 69
46. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Hereditary Diseases 71
47. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of History of Illness / Present Illness 72
48. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Non-Communicable Diseases 74
49. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Maintenance/Medications 75
50. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Usual Health Provider 76
51. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Source of Health Information 77
52. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Quality and Quantity of Food/Nutrients
Intake per Day 79
53. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Eating/Feeding Habits/Practices 81
54. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Food Intake Between Meals 82
55. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Distribution of Water Intake per Day 83
56. Distribution of the Respondent’s Lifestyle in Terms of Diet 85

x
57. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Rest and Sleep: Nap After Lunch 86
58. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Hours of Sleep at Night per Household 88
59. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Exercise Activity 89
60. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Exercise Activity (If answered Yes) 91
61. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Cigarette Smoking 92
62. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Smoking Cigarette Stick/s per Day 93
63. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Number of Alcoholic and
Non-Alcoholic Drinkers 95
64. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Glasses of Alcoholic Beverages
Consumed per Day 96
65. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Usage of Prohibited Drugs 97
66. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of How Many Children Do You Want? 99
67. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Plan of Interval of Pregnancy 100
68. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Receiving Family Planning and
Responsible Parenthood Lectures Prior to Marriage? 101
69. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Where Did You Get the Information? 102
70. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Practicing Family Planning 103
71. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of If Yes, Where Do You Get Supply? 105
72. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of What Family Planning Method is Used 106
73. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Satisfaction with the Family Planning
Method that is Used 107
74. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Husband Participating/Cooperating in the Family
Planning 108
75. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Plans in Stopping the Use of Family
Planning Method 109
76. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Obstetrical History 111
77. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Micronutrient Supplementation 114
78. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Prenatal Check-up/Consultation at least
4 Visits throughout the Course of Pregnancy 115
79. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Plan for Breastfeeding 116
80. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Nutrition 117
81. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Pediatric Assessment (Newborn to

xi
 School Age) 118
82. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Type of Delivery 119
83. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Hours in Labor 120
84. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Place Delivered 121
85. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Child’s Feeding Practices 122
86. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Deworming Every 6 Months (Children
1-12 years old) 123
87. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Immunization 124
88. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Usual Health Provider 125
89. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Family Members who Married at the
Age of 18 and below 127
90. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Family Members Who Got Pregnant
At the Age of 18 and Below 129
91. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Family Member who has Experienced Miscarriage
130
92. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Family Member who has Experienced Miscarriage
Who Had a Reason 131
93. Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Discussion in the Family on Matters
Regarding Sexuality 132

xii
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Health is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a state of complete physical,

mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. The health of all

peoples is fundamental to the attainment of peace and security and is dependent on the fullest

cooperation of individuals. Health includes not just physical and mental but also includes our social

well-being.

A community is a group determined by geographical boundaries and common values and

interests. Its members know and interact with each other. It functions within a particular structure

and exhibits and creates certain norms, values and social institutions (Potter, 2017).

"Communities" are groups of people that may or may not be spatially connected, but who

share common interests, concerns or identities. These communities could be local, national or

international, with specific or broad interests. Community engagement is an approach to

addressing health-related issues, promoting well-being, and taking action on the social

determinants of health. It involves building relationships based on trust and working together to

develop more effective health interventions, programs, services, and policies and to empower

communities as key actors for health (WHO, 1947).

COPAR or Community Organizing Participatory Action Research is a vital part of public

health nursing. COPAR aims to transform the apathetic, individualistic and voiceless poor into a

dynamic, participatory and politically responsive community (Vera, 2013). It is a social

development approach that aims to transform the apathetic, individualistic and voiceless poor into

1
a dynamic, participatory and politically responsive community. This is a collective, participatory,

transformative, liberative, sustained and systematic process of building people’s organizations by

mobilizing and enhancing the capabilities and resources of the people for the resolution of their

issues and concerns towards effecting change in their existing oppressive and exploitative

conditions (1994 National Rural Conference). It is a process by which a community identifies its

needs and objectives, develops confidence to take action in respect to them and in doing so, extends

and develops cooperative and collaborative attitudes and practices in the community (Ross 1967).

According to the Local Government Code of the Philippines (2022), a barangay,

historically referred to as barrio, is the smallest administrative division in the Philippines and is

the native Filipino term for a village, district, or ward.

The term purok is often applied to a neighborhood (zone) within an urbanized barangay,

or a portion (district) of a less densely populated, but still relatively geographically compact,

barangay. This contrasts with the sitio, which is usually a cluster of households (hamlet) in a more

dispersed, rural barangay (Santos, 2006).

Rationale

The primary goal of community health nursing is to improve population health outcomes through

education and care delivery within communities (Public Health Nurse, 2020). The purpose of this

study was to develop a community diagnosis for Purok 1A, Bernales, Tipanoy Iligan City, as well

as the corresponding recommendations.

2
STATEMENT OF OBJECTIVES

Goals

Within 2 weeks of community exposure at Purok 1A, Bernales, Tipanoy, Iligan City, the Level IV
student nurses from Adventist Medical center College will be able to contribute development,
promote health, prevent and control illnesses, and improve healthy lifestyle leading to better living
of the members of the community.
The study was conducted with the following specific objectives:
A. To conduct a survey and identify specific environmental, socio-economic and health
problems;
B. To interpret and analyze the data gathered;
C. Make a decision about how to solve existing problems by visualizing or conceptualizing
them.;
D. To develop and implement programs;
E. To educate the people about the importance of having healthy and safe environment;
F. Maximize community resources to meet their health-care needs;
G. To plan activities/programs that will generate additional income for the family.

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

This study used the descriptive correlational design. Descriptive research aims to accurately and
systematically describe a population, situation, or phenomenon. It is primarily concerned with
finding out "what is,"(McCombes, 2020). It is quantitative as it attempts to collect information and
statistically analyze it. In the study, the respondents answered questions administered through
questionnaires. After the respondents answered the questions, researchers then described the
responses given.

3
Instrument Used

The Needs Assessment Survey Questionnaire was utilized as an instrument in the study. The
questionnaire consists of nine parts:

Part 1 was composed of the respondents' Family Structure, Characteristics and Dynamics;

Part 2 was the Socio-economic and Cultural Characteristics;

Part 3 was Home/Environmental Health and Sanitation;

Part 4 was Health Status;

Part 5 was Nutritional Assessment;

Part 6 was Lifestyle;

Part 7 was Family Planning;

Part 8 was Maternal and Child Health; and

Part 9 was Adolescent Reproductive Health.

A courtesy call was made to the Midwife and the Barangay Captain in preparation for the purok
assignment to a geographically inaccessible depressed area of Barangay Tipanoy, Iligan City.

After receiving permission, the student nurses went to Purok 1A, Bernales, Tipanoy, Iligan City,
and conducted house-to-house interviews with a questionnaire among the purok's number of
households. The data collection period lasted one day, on January 30, 2023.

The data gathered was tallied, analyzed and interpreted using the proper statistical tool.

Statistical Tool

The statistical tool that was utilized to compute, analyze, and interpret the study's data and results
was:

4
Frequency and Percentage Distribution

This statistical tool was used in determining how many responses that fall in each respondent’s
profile in terms of age, gender, religion, and year level.

Formula:

p = f / n (100)

Where:

p = Percentage

f = Frequency

n = total number of the respondents

LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The survey included a total of 110 households at Purok 1A, Bernales, Tipanoy, Iligan City. Data
were gathered through observation and a questionnaire-based house-to-house interview. The target
respondents include both the head of the household and any family members who are present.

It also looks into the identification of socio-economic, environmental, and health problems as the
foundation for community programs and recommendations for better health gains and wellness of
the purok's respondents.

5
 CHAPTER II
SETTING OF THE COMMUNITY

Location, Boundaries, Total Population, Physical Features, Climate, Medium of

Communication and Means of Transportation and Resources available in the Community

Geographical Identifiers

Tipanoy is one of the barangays in Iligan City. It is located in the eastern part of Iligan
City and bounded on the North by Barangay Ubaldo Laya; on the Northeast by Barangay Puga-
an; on the East by the Municipality of Tagoloan; on the South by Barangay Abuno; Southeast by
Sta. Elena; on the West by Barangay Tomas Cabili; and on the Northwest by Barangay Tubod. It
is approximately 3.50 km from the Central Business District (Barangay Poblacion).

Barangay Tipanoy is subdivided into forty-seven (47) puroks with a total land area of
514.51 hectares and occupies 1.23% of the total land area of Iligan City. Purok 1-A Bernales is
located near the river and has approximately 180 households.

Historical Background
Barangay Tipanoy is mainly an agricultural land along the Iligan River. Before the coming
of the Spaniards, the place was occupied by Muslim-Maranao settlers under the leadership of a
certain Sultan Layatin Moro. Sitio Pindugangan, was named in honor of his only daughter, Ba-i
Pindugangan at the outbreak of war against the Japanese, few Christians moved in and lived
peacefully with Muslims. From that time on more Christians came in and out numbered the latter.

It was believed that the name Tipanoy was derived from the word “Catipa” Maranao word
for Catfish (Pantat in Bisaya) a fresh water fish, famous and still can be found elsewhere in the
barangay at present.

6
 In the early days, there was an old Maranao peddling “Catipa”. The old man met a person
who happens to be a foreigner. As a common respect, uttered to the person who did not understand
the language of the peddler, did not mind what he heard but the peddler repeatedly uttered the
catipanoy. The foreigner believed that the name of the place was Tipanoy. His belief was passed
onto his friends and thereafter the place was called Tipanoy.

Barangay Tipanoy was created by virtue of the City Resolution No. 380 series of 1966,
City Ordinance No. 335, approved on January 20, 1967.

All information above was taken from the Barangay Health Office of Tipanoy, Iligan City.

7
8
 CHAPTER III
TARGET COMMUNITY PROFILE

Population Profile
● Total estimated population of Barangay
The total population of Purok 1-A Bernales, Tipanoy Iligan City as of 2023 was 638 based
on the Barangay census.

● Total population of Area, Total Families and Total Number of Household Surveyed

The total area of Purok 1-A Bernales, Tipanoy is 1.7 (17,000 sq. km) hectares. According
to the Purok Leader, there are 180 households and 638 residents in Purok I-A. In this study, the
researchers surveyed 110 families with 110 households only.

Sociodemographic Profile

The study consists of ages between 0-12 months (and 13), 2-18 years (and 124), 19-60
above (and 264), majority female (and 212), male (and 198), Single (and 239), Married (and 148),
Widowed (and 14), Kinder (and 10), Elementary Level (and 68), Elementary Graduate (and 13),
Highschool Level (and 81), Highschool Graduate (and 68), Senior High School (and 23), College
Level (and 55), College Graduate (and 51), Vocational (and 10), Roman Catholic (and 97), Born
Again (and 6), Seventh Day Adventist (and 2), Islam (and 4), INC (and 1), Employed (and 92),
Self-Employed (and 49), Unemployed (and 260).

● Total Population of Family Surveyed

A total of 110 families surveyed at Purok 1-A Bernales, Tipanoy, Iligan City.

9
 I. Family Structure, Characteristics, and Dynamics

Graph 1.1
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents Age

As shown in Graph 1.1, the majority of the respondents belonged to the group in young

adulthood, ranging from 18 to 35 years old (111 or 27.7%). This is followed by middle adulthood

which has 27.2%, then late adulthood with 11%, school age and adolescence with 10.7%, play age

with 5.5%, early childhood with 4% and infancy which has the lowest percentage of 3.2%.

The result implies that the majority of the age groups in Purok 1A, Barangay Tipanoy,

Iligan City belong to the young adulthood. They are more likely to be at home for an extended stay

compared with previous generations of young adults who resided with their parents. There are

certain factors that may influence young adult’s decisions to live at home and this includes the cost

of living independently and their debt obligations.

10
 According to Arnett (2000), Young adulthood is a period of rapid personal development,

as well as a time when individuals experience major changes in their social and physical

environments and financial resources, identified as determinants of health behavior. Erikson

(1950) believed that the main task of young adulthood is to establish intimate relationships and not

feel isolated from others. Intimacy does not necessarily involve romance; it involves caring about

another and sharing one’s self without losing one’s self. Many of the developmental tasks of young

adulthood involve becoming part of the adult world and gaining independence.

The median marriage age for men was around 22, and married couples usually had their

first child about one year after their wedding day. All told, for most young people half a century

ago, their teenage adolescence led quickly and directly to stable adult roles in love and work by

their late teens or early twenties. These roles would form the structure of their adult lives for

decades to come (Payne, 2019).

Based on the 2020 Census of Population and Housing (2020 CPH), the Philippines had a

total population of 109,035,343 persons. Persons aged 15 to 64 years (working-age or

economically-active population) totaled 69.40 million (63.9%).

11
 Graph 1.2
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents Gender

Graph 1.2 shows that the majority of the respondents were females (212 or 52.9%) and the

rest are males (189 or 47.1%).

The result implies that the female population of Purok 1A, Bernales, Barangay Tipanoy,

Iligan City comprises a greater number compared to male. Majority of these women are

housewives and they tend to stay at home.

By 2020, the country’s female population is projected to reach 54.5 million taking into

consideration several factors including the 2010 census count of 45.7 million. The male population

is expected to rise by 9 million from 46.6 million in 2010 to 55.5 million in 2020. The Philippines

has 0.43 million more males than females (PSA, 2016).

12
 Graph 1.3
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents Marital Status

Graph 1.3 reflects the marital status of the residents in Purok 1A, Bernales, Tipanoy, Iligan

City. Out of 401 respondents, there are 239 or 59.6% who are single. It also shows that 36.9% are

married and 3.5% are widowed.

Clearly, some people in Purok 1A, Bernales, Tipanoy, Iligan City are single because they

choose to be. Most of them are not involved in any romantic relationship, some are not yet ready

to establish their own households, some people have had messy breakups or experienced a partner's

death and decide that being single makes them happier than finding another partner.

According to the Philippine Statistics Authority (2020), in 2015, there were 34.8 million

single persons in the Philippines, or 44 percent of the total population. Non-marriage in the

Philippines is more common among low and highly educated men and highly educated women.

13
The high non-marriage rates among low-educated men and highly educated women indicate the

presence of a 'marriage squeeze' or the imbalance of available partners for both men and women.

Graph 1.4
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents Educational Attainment

Graph 1.4 displays that most of the residents in Purok 1A, Bernales, Tipanoy, Iligan City

were able to reach high school level (81 or 20.2%), followed by elementary level and high school

graduates (17%), college level (13.7%), college graduate (12.7%), senior high school (5.7%), N/A

(5.5%), elementary graduate (3.2%), kindergarten and vocational (2.5%)

. Based on our survey, most respondents staying in Purok 1A, Bernales, Tipanoy, Iligan

City were able to reach high school level. Common reasons for not attending school were marriage

14
or family matters, high cost of education or financial concerns, and lack of personal interest and

some are still high school students.

According to the new multidimensional poverty index (MPI) created by the Philippine

Statistics Authority (PSA). Filipinos were found to be most deprived in gaining access to

education. In terms of dimension, education had the largest contribution to the MPI at 35.5 percent

in 2016 and 36.9 percent in 2017.By specific indicator, Filipinos were found to be most lacking in

educational attainment as it had the highest incidence of deprivation among Filipino families at

59.3 percent in2016 and 49.4 percent in 2017.

According to figures from the Department of Education and the National Statistical

Coordination Board in the Philippines, 1 in 6 Filipino kids will not attend school. Further, only 7

out of 10 kids will complete elementary school. Of those 7 kids, only 4 will complete high school,

and of those 4, 1 will proceed onto university.

Illiteracy remains an important barrier to poverty alleviation, and lifetime earnings are

closely correlated with educational attainment across countries and regions. For many students,

completing secondary school is an especially critical educational milestone, as applying to higher-

education institutions, technical and vocational training programs, and formal-sector jobs often

requires a secondary-education diploma. Individuals who do not complete secondary school often

face limited options to both further develop and leverage their human capital (Philippines

Education Note, 2018).

15
 Graph 1.5
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondent’s Family Members Not Residing in
the Household but Contribute or Affect Family Resource Generation and Use

The graph shows that there are 32 or 100% members that are not residing in the household

but provide for the family.

Most providers are working elsewhere to meet the needs of the family. Others only help

the children because of the separation. Also, others no longer live at home but continue to

contribute to the household.

Family is considered to be the foundation of social life for most Filipinos. Many Filipinos

hold the belief that each family member has several duties and responsibilities they must uphold.

Observing one’s duties and responsibilities is important in order to correctly respect others and to

ensure harmony among family members. (Chara Scroope, 2017)

16
 Graph 1.6
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents Family Structure and Form

The graph reflects that 34 or 29% of the households in Purok 1A, Tipanoy, Iligan City

consist of nuclear families followed by extended families (29%), matriarchal (15%), dyad (11%),

patriarchal (7%), others (3%), and blended (1%).

Most families in Purok 1A, Tipanoy, Iligan City are more focused with their own members

than with relatives from the larger family. Others live in different houses, a few meters away from

their relatives. Even if they are residentially nuclear but still, they are functionally extended.

Fifteen out of sixteen households In the Philippines (94 percent) are family households or

households with a family core (de Guzman, 1990).

According to De Guzman (1994), the family household may either be nuclear or extended.

The extended family household has a nuclear core which Is extended either vertically or

17
horizontally. Vertical extensions consist of relatives attached to a core and belonging to a

generation other than the household head or his/her spouse. Horizontal extensions consist of

relatives attached to a core and belonging to the same generation as the household head or his/her

spouse. Vertically and horizontally extended family households have both vertical and horizontal

extensions. Close familial relationships often go beyond one’s genetic connections or bloodlines

to incorporate distant relatives, close neighbors or friends (Chara Scroope, 2017).

Graph 1.7
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents Dominant Family Members in
Terms of Decision Making and Care-Tending

The graph shows that the majority of decision making and care-tending in Purok 1A,

Tipanoy, Iligan City is the role of the mother with 49 or 44%, followed by father (25%), both

(20%), children (7%) and others which comprises of sister, grandmother and aunt (4%).

18
 Almost all of the residents in Purok 1A, Tipanoy, Iligan City are housewives, allowing

them to devote their full attention to each member of the family especially in decision making and

caring for family members.

According to a September 2013 survey by Child's Play Communications, moms remain the

major household purchasing decision maker in about 80% of families. Moms are responsible for

the majority of household purchase decisions, about two-thirds. This is notable because it contrasts

with the long-held belief that moms are responsible for about 80% of household purchasing

decisions, an indication that dads are getting more involved. Among the Filipina moms surveyed,

78% take care of their children themselves. This is evidence that a lot of moms in the Philippines

know their children better than their spouses or other members of the family because they spend

most of their time with their kids (The Asian Parent, 2021). Because of this, they are considered

the decision-makers of the household as they know the needs of their family better than anyone.

19
 II. Socio- economic and Cultural Characteristics

Graph 2.1
Frequency and Distribution of Respondents Status of Employment

This graph represents the frequency and percentage distribution in terms of status of

employment. The data shows that out of 401 members of the household, 260 (64.8%) were

unemployed, 92 (22.9%) were employed, and 49 (12.2%) were self-employed.

In Purok 1-A Bernales housewives, students, and children made up the majority of the

respondents who were unemployed. Most of the respondents were unemployed due to lack of

education because they struggled to find any job whatsoever. Good jobs are reserved for qualified

employees and qualifications are primarily acquired through education.

According to the Philippines Statistic Authority the unemployment rate in the Philippines

dropped further to 4.2 percent in November of 2022, marking the new lowest since records began

20
in 1986 and from 6.5 percent in the same month a year ago. The number of unemployed was 2.18

million, down from 3.16 million unemployed reported in November of 2021. Meanwhile, the

number of employed came in at 49.71 million, up from 45.47 million in the same period last year.

The service sector registered the largest share in the employed persons (60.5 percent), followed by

agriculture sector (21.4 percent), and industry sector (18.1 percent).

Graph 2.2
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents Monthly Income

This graph represents the frequency and percentage of respondents in terms of monthly

income. The data shows that out of 141 respondents, 72 (51.1%) had a monthly income of ₱ 5,001

- ₱10,000, 39 (27.7% ) had a monthly income of ₱1,000 - ₱5,000, 14(9.9%) had a monthly income

of ₱10,001 - ₱15,000, 9(6.4%) had a monthly income of ₱20,001 and above while 7(4.9%) had a

monthly income of ₱15,001 - ₱20,000.

21
 Most of the respondents don't have enough monthly income because most of them were

unemployed. Only one family member has work and he/she is the only one who supports the whole

family financially. Usually those who have jobs, their salary is not enough for the family because

their job is trisikad driver and vendor since they have not graduated, it is difficult for them to

find/apply for a job that pays good/enough.

Based on the Preliminary Results of the Family Income and Expenditure Survey (FIES) in

2021, poverty incidence among the population, defined as the proportion of Filipinos whose per

capita income cannot sufficiently meet the individual basic food and non-food needs, was recorded

at 18.1 percent. This translates to around 19.99 million Filipinos who lived below the poverty

threshold of about ₱12,030 per month for a family of five. The subsistence incidence, defined as

the proportion of Filipinos whose income is not enough to meet even just the basic food needs,

slightly increased to 5.9 percent in 2021. It was estimated that a family of five needs at least ₱8,379

per month to meet their basic food requirements.

22
 Graph 2.2A
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents Prioritization of Monthly
Budget

This graph represents the frequency and percentage distribution of the respondents in terms

of prioritization of monthly budget. All 110 (100%) households prioritized food purchases as their

top consumption, followed by electricity & water 71 (64.5%), health maintenance 34 (30.9%),

education 32 (29%), communication 28 (25.5 %), transportation expenses 37 (33.6 %), clothing

29 (26.3%), home maintenance 41 (37.2 %), recreational activities 54 (49%), and their least

priority is the vices 88 (80%).

The result implies that all of the households in Purok 1A, Barangay Tipanoy, Iligan City

prioritized food as the first rank in financial resources. Majority of the respondents mention that

rice is their first choice to purchase in terms of food.

Rice is an important staple to the Philippines and a food constant to millions of Filipinos. Meals

in the Philippines will not be complete without some form of rice on the table. Across the

Philippines, about one-third of the country's alienable and disposable lands cultivate rice (Navata

23
and Turingan, 2013). Because of its importance, rice has become the most socially, culturally,

economically, and politically sensitive commodity in the Philippines, and ensuring adequate,

stable, and affordable supply is paramount.

According to Vandana Shiva, an Indian scholar, environmental activist and food

sovereignty advocate, food is a basic human need and right, not only does food define our identity

but it also shapes the physical, mental, social and economic existence, yet the prevalence of food

insecurity - a combination of limited household income, limited community access, and limited

social networks is a critical reflection of the failure of the current food system. Areas that are often

affected most negatively by food insecurity are those in urban areas. Given that food is such a vital

part of human existence (Vandana Shiva, July 2013).

24
 Graph 2.3
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents Income Decision-Making

This graph represents frequency and percentage distribution of the respondents in terms of

Income decision making. The data shows that, 52(47%) Mother, 23(20.9%) Father, 21(19%) Both,

8(7.3%) others (Uncle, Aunt, Lolo,Lola) and 6(5.5%) Children.

The result shows that the majority of the income decision making is the mother. Although

dads are making inroads, moms still dominate purchase decisions in most households. Mothers

have been the caretakers, responsible for the emotional side of the family, they have kept the family

together and functioning smoothly. The mother is the one who budgets their income for the

groceries and for the bills.

According to a September 2013 survey by Child's Play Communications, moms remain the

major household purchasing decision maker in about 80% of families.

25
 Graph 2.4
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents Religion

This graph represents frequency and percentage distribution of the respondents in terms of

Religion. The data shows that out of 110 respondents 97 (88.2%) are Roman Catholic, 6 (5.5%)

are Born Again, 4 (3.6%) are Islam, 2 (1.8%) are SDA, and 1(0.9%) is INC. The result implies

that the majority of the respondents in Purok 1-A Bernales are Roman Catholic. the majority of

the household in Iligan city were Roman Catholic.

According to the Philippines Statistics Authority (PSA) eight out of ten of the household

population in the Philippines were Roman Catholics (81.04 percent). Islam (5.06 percent) and

Evangelicals (2.82 percent) followed. The remaining 11.08 percent were either Aglipayan, Iglesia

ni Cristo, and others.

26
 Graph 2.5
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents Length of Residency

The data shows that out of 110 respondents 39 (35.4%) 6-10 years, 29 (26.4%) 1-5 years,

20 (18.2%) 11-15 years, 19 (17.3%)16-20 years, and 3 (2.7%) 21 and above years.

The result shows that the majority of the respondents' length of residency is 6-10 years.

Most of the respondents are relocated in that area. Most of the respondents are from Brgy. Saray

they are relocated to Purok 1-A Bernales because their houses were affected by a government

project.

According to Talia Chorover and Jessica Arriens (2020) each year, about 21.5 million

people are forcibly displaced from their homes due to weather-related events. This number is

expected to grow considerably as climate change fuels more floods, droughts, wildfires and other

extreme weather.

27
 Graph 2.6
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents Ethnic Background

The data shows that out of 110 respondents, 107 (97.3%) are Cebuano, and 3 (2.7%) are

Maranao.

The result implies that the majority of the respondents are Cebuano. Most of the

respondents in the area are born in Iligan City that's why the majority of them are Cebuano.

According to the Philippines Statistics Authority (PSA) half (53.11 percent) of the

household population in Iligan City classified themselves as Bisaya/Binisaya. About 32.01 percent

considered themselves as Cebuano, and 6.60 percent Maranao. Other ethnic groups included

Hiligaynon/Ilonggo (1.79 percent), and Higaonon (1.47 percent).

28
 Graph 2.7
Frequency and Distribution of the Respondents Cultural Beliefs/Religious Beliefs and
Practices/Traditions that Affect Health

This graph represents frequency and percentage distribution of the respondents in terms of

cultural beliefs/religious belief and practices/traditions that affect health. The data shows that out

of 110 respondents 8 (7.2%) had cultural beliefs/religious beliefs and practices/traditions that

affect health which is hilot. The result implies that there are respondents in the area that believe in

hilot because that is a common belief in most cebuano. If one of their family members is not feeling

well or has a fever they automatically go to someone they called manghihilot.

According to Philippine Institute of Traditional and Alternative Health Care (PITAHC)

hilot is the art and science of the ancient Filipino healing traditions that are grounded on the

concept of balance among the physical elements along with the mental, emotional, and spiritual

aspects of a person. This practice includes the use of manipulations and massages that help in the

29
prevention of disease and the restoration and maintenance of one’s health and well-being. Hilot

also makes use of medicinal plants and bulong/orasyon (whispered or written prayers).

PITAHC convened the Technical Working Group to discuss the competency standard for

Hilot, holding public hearings, and then presented findings to the Board of Trustees (BOT) for

approval. The TWG subsequently convened to discuss the Guidelines on the National Certification

of practitioners. PITAHC then held a Public Hearing for the Guidelines, presented these to the

Board of Trustees (BOT) for approval before publication. PITAHC then organized a National

Certification Committee for Hilot composed of representatives from the following sectors:

manghihilot, hilot practitioners or Manghihilot from recognized Hilot organizations, medical

doctors who are hilot practitioners or Manghihilot and Hilot trainers from Accredited Hilot

Training Centers.

30
 III. Home/ Environmental Health and Sanitation

Graph 3.1 Housing

Graph 3.1.1 Frequency and Percentage of Distribution of Respondents Lot Ownership

This graph indicates the frequency and percentage distribution on lot ownership of the

respondents. It shows that the majority of respondents’ lots (56 or 50.90%) are owned by the

government. Only (50 or 45.45%) are owned through ancestral inheritance. However, only a few

of the respondents rented their lots from the private landowners (4 or 3.6%)

The finding shows that the majority of the respondents claim that they are the owners of

the lot since the government gave it to them after relocating them to Bernales 1A, Tipanoy so that

their former home's location site could be used for tracking cargo.

31
 Renting a house is a common practice in the Philippines. This is to accommodate economic

and calamity instability. It has been adopted in our present community. (Ramos,2016)

Graph 3.1.2
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents Home Ownership

This graph indicates frequency and percentage distribution of home ownership. It reveals

that 97 or 88.2% of the respondents have their own house and 13 or 11.8% of the respondents

rented their house. According to the data, the majority of the respondents made their own houses

as stated by other respondents, they acquired their home from the government after being moved

from Barangay Saray.

The Filipino industry believes that every Filipino has the right to live with dignity in the

comfort of one’s own home regardless of economic status. (Government Housing, 2015)

32
 Graph 3.1.3
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents Construction Materials Used

This graph indicates the frequency and percentage of the family who are using construction

materials. It presented that out of 110 households of Purok 1A Bernales, Tipanoy,79 or 71.9%

family households used mixed materials, 16 or 14.5% family households used light materials, and

15 or 13.6% family households used strong materials.

The results reflect that most of the respondents made their own houses with mixed materials

and not full concrete, due to the fact that the government owns it. The combination of the materials,

using mixed materials is not only very affordable but also strong for durability and can last longer.

Many Filipino citizens in the rural communities still adopt this style because of its simple

design, ease of execution, and readily available and affordable native materials, (Lamudi,2021)

33
 According to a 2020 survey, the majority of households in the Philippines resided in houses

with outer walls made of either concrete, brick, or stone. Comparatively, 13.3 % of respondents

had houses with outer walls made of wood (Statista research department, September 2022)

Graph 3.1.4
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents Lighting Facilities

The graph presented that out of 110 households of Purok 1A Bernales, Tipanoy 109% or

99.1% were using electricity, 1 or 0.9% using a candle, and 0 or 0% were using kerosene.

The results reflect that the majority of the respondents were using electricity due to the fact

that it is the most widely used form of energy in households and it was the majority since the

government has a policy for supplying homes with electricity generated from renewable resources.

34
 Electricity is the most common source of energy used by households. Based on the results

of the 2011 Household Energy Consumption Survey (HECS), electricity remains as the most

common source of energy used by households in the Philippines. (PSA, 2013)

Graph 3.1.5
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents Ventilation

The graph results showed that out of 110 respondents, 57 or 51.96% responded good, 37

or 33.6% responded Very good, 14 or 12.7% responded excellent, and 2 or 1.8% responded poor/

need for improvement.

The result implies that the majority of the respondents is Good since the area has trees and

close to the river but there are still waste materials.

35
 If natural ventilation is not feasible or inadequate, mechanical ventilation shall be

provided. Strategies were also recommended for restrooms and water closets, such as making sure

that exhaust fans in restroom facilities are functional and operating at full capacity when the

building is occupied. (Dole, 2019)

Graph 3.1.6
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents Food Storage

The graph presented that out of 110 households of Purok 1A Bernales, Tipanoy, 75 or

68.1% family households used a refrigerator, 35 or 31.9% using a covered/container/cooler for

food

It reflects that the majority of the respondents’ food storage used refrigerator as food

storage so that they can store all of their food in a way that prevents contamination. Food is kept

cold in refrigerators for this reason. Food keeps fresher for longer in colder temperatures. The basic

36
concept behind refrigeration is to reduce the activity of the bacteria that are present in all food so

that it takes longer for the food to become ruined.

Proper food storage helps to preserve the quality and nutritional value of the foods you

purchase, and also helps make the most of your food dollar by preventing spoilage. Additionally,

proper food storage can help prevent foodborne illnesses caused by harmful bacteria. (Food

Storage for Safety and Quality)

Graph 3.1.7
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents Sanitary Condition

The graph showed frequency and percentage of the family household and their sanitary

condition. It presented that out of 110 household of Purok 1A Bernales, Tipanoy, 56 or 50.9%

good sanitation of family household, 33 or 30% of the family household very good, 13 or 11.9%

of the family has excellent sanitation, and 8 or 7,2% of the family poor or need for improvement

37
 The findings showed that the majority of the respondents' sanitary condition is good in

sanitation of family households since the majority of them are capable of cleaning their homes,

but not in a manner that creates an extremely clean surrounding.

Food Safety the assurance/guarantee that food will not cause harm to the consumers when

it is prepared and/or eaten according to its intended use. Is a group of illnesses caused by any

infectious (bacteria, viruses and parasites) and non-infectious agents (chemical, animal and plant

toxins). (DOH, 2022)

Graph 3.2 Water Supply

Graph 3.2.1 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents Water Supply
Source

The graph presented showed that the majority of the family household 108 or 98.2% used

level 3 as source of water supply, 2 or 1.8% used level 2, and 0 or 0% used level 1.

38
 It shows that the majority of the respondents’ water supply source is under level 3(

Waterworks system) due to the fact that anyone can use it because it is cost-free, easy to use, drink,

they used to it and also the majority source of water supply in Iligan City

A water supply facility composed of a source, a reservoir, a piped distribution network

with adequate treatment facility, and communal faucets. Usually, one faucet serves 4 to 6

households. Generally suitable for rural and urban fringe areas where houses are clustered densely

to justify a simple piped system. The definition was modified with the inclusion of the underlined

phrase 'with adequate treatment' to emphasize that the source of water supply has passed the

Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water. (PSA, 2022)

39
 Graph 3.2.2
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents Other Types of Drinking Water

The graph presented shows that 58 or 52.7% answered other or used National Water and

Sewerage Authority (NAWASA) , 50 or 45.5% as their drinking water directly from processed

bottled water,2 or 1.8% used boiled water.

It reflects that majority of the respondents’ other types of drinking water under NAWASA

(Others)which means that they were drinking the water supply of National Water and Sewerage

Authority (NAWASA) because it is free and they cannot pay because it has already been given to

them by the government.

Only 19.8% have a household drinking water connection in rural areas in the Philippines.

A permanent water source should be maintained to provide all the water consumption of all the

residents in a particular barrio. Every barangay zone has an alternative water source because of the

40
water source of a particular zone. This is why the NAWASA (National Water and Sewerage

Authority) must have an alternative water source to solve these kinds of problems. (WHO and

United Nations Children’s Fund,2015)

Graph 3.2.3
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents Storage

The graph presented the number of family households who responded to their storage of

water. Results showed that 106 or 96.4% answered covered containers with faucets, 2 or 1.8%

answered non-covered containers, also the 2 or 1.8% family households answered others

It reflects that the majority of the respondents’ used a covered container with faucet since

the processing of water improperly can contaminate previously fresh water while it is being

transported or stored in the household. Collecting water and storing it in clean containers with

small openings will help prevent recontamination by always keeping it covered.

41
 The barangay can store water for drinking using the drums as these come with easy-open

cover to prevent water contamination. The drums can also be used as rainwater catchment. (Water

District, 2022)

Graph 3.3 Kitchen

Graph 3.3.1 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents Cooking Facility

The table shows that out of 110 family household of Purok 1-A Bernales, Barangay

Tipanoy 80 or 72.8% household using a Gas Stove for cooking, 28 or 25.4% household using

firewood, and 2 or 1.8% household using electric stove.

It showed the majority of respondents' cooking facilities use a gas stove because

they can prepare food quickly and one of the most versatile and valuable of all energy resources is

natural gas. From heating and electric to fertilizers and clean transportation, natural gas can be

42
used in numerous ways. Chefs and cooks are particularly fond of the energy source in their range

cooktops. There are many benefits to cooking with natural gas stoves rather than firewood.

Clean cooking fuels promise substantial health benefits for rural households, but almost

three billion people continue to rely on traditional biomass for their cooking needs. We explore

the role of gender in the adoption of LPG, a clean cooking fuel. (The Journal of Development

Studies, 2020)

Graph 3.3.2
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents Sanitary Condition (Kitchen)

The graph presented the number of family households who rated their household sanitary

condition. Results showed that 69 or 62.8% responded good, 33 or 30% responded very good, 6

or 5.4% responded excellent, and 2 or 1.8% responded poor/needs for improvement.

43
 It reflects that the majority of the respondents' sanitary condition is good in sanitation of

family household since we can observe that their kitchen is safe and you're not at risk of food

poison.

Food is essential to life, hence food safety is a basic human right. Billions of people in the

world are at risk of unsafe food. Many millions become sick while hundreds of thousands died

yearly. The food chain starts from farm to fork/plate while challenges include microbial, chemical,

personal and environmental hygiene. Historically, documented human tragedies and economic

disasters due to consuming contaminated food occurred as a result of intentional or unintentional

personal conduct and governmental failure to safeguard food quality and safety. (Biomedical

journal 41 (2), 88-95, 2018)

44
 Graph 4
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents Drainage Facility

The graph presented the number of family households who responded to their drainage

facilities. Results showed that 110 or 100% answered open drainage.

It showed that the majority of the respondents’ drainage facilities are under open drainage,

and we observed that there are narrow and shallow canals in the area. Open drainage systems shall

be preferred on all new development sites to convey stormwater where feasible, and culverts near

the work areas should be covered to block the entrance of large debris and refuse.

Most Philippine cities have drainage systems of some kind. There are no separate

stormwater and wastewater (sewerage) systems. Wastewater from septic systems freely mixes with

the stormwater. In practice this is not as bad as it sounds as the volume of storm water is large and

may well flush out the drainage system and its contents into the streams and rivers. The installation

45
and maintenance of drainage systems (along with roads and water systems), is a one of the major

responsibility of the local government. (Taylor,2019)

V. Waste Disposal

Graph 5.1 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents Refuse & Garbage

The graph presented the number of family households who responded to their drainage waste

disposal. Results showed that 67 or 60.10% answered covered containers, 43 or 39.1 % answered

open containers.

It shows that the majority of the respondents’ refuse and garbage used covered containers.

According to them, they securely put all their garbage in covered containers so that the garbage

collector can easily collect their waste accordingly. And they separate the plastic, papers, and

leaves so that they can prevent health issues that can arise from waste and toxins that have been

improperly disposed of.

46
 According to Republic Act No. 9003 otherwise known as the “Ecological Solid Waste

Management Act of 2000, enacted on January 26, 2001, aims to address the growing problem of

solid wastes in the country. It provides the legal framework for the country’s systematic,

comprehensive, and ecological solid waste management program that shall ensure protection of

public health and the environment. It also provides for the necessary institutional mechanisms with

the creation of the National Solid Waste Management Commission (NSWMC) which shall oversee

the implementation of solid waste management plans and prescribe policies as well as incentives

to achieve objectives of the Act.

Graph 5.2
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents Method of Disposal

The graph presented the number of family households and their method of disposal. Result

showed that the majority of the family households 86 or 78.2% their method of disposal is garbage

collection that collects their garbage twice a week, 10 or 9.1% of family households using open

47
burning of their garbage, 8 or 7.3% of family household using open dumping of their garbage, 5

or 4.5% of family households composing their garbage, 1 or % 0.9 of family households answered

others.

It showed that the majority of the respondents’ method of disposal was garbage collection.

According to them, every Wednesday, garbage is picked up by garbage collectors, it is better for

recycling, for reduction in the burden on landfills, for environmental protection by effectively

reducing the pollutants and contaminants released into the environment.

Under RA 9003, collection, transport and disposal of solid wastes are the responsibilities of

the local government units (LGUs). At present, most LGUs administer their own collection

systems or contract out this service to private contractors.

48
 VI. Toilet

Graph 6.1 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents Type of Toilet

It demonstrates that, of the 110 households whose residents were surveyed, 102 (or 92.8%)

have a water-sealed toilet facility, 8 (or 7.2%) have a flush toilet, 0 (or 0%) have an antipolo toilet,

0 (or 0%) have no toilet facility, and 0 (or 0%) have a closed-pit privy toilet facility.

Based on the data, most residents in Purok 1-A Bernales, Barangay Tipanoy have 102 or

92.8% of people still have access to toilet facilities, and 8 or 7.2% still have flush type toilet

facility.

Just like a flush toilet, the pour flush toilet has a water seal that prevents odors and flies from

coming back up the pipe. Water is poured into the bowl to flush the toilet of excreta; approximately

2 to 3 L is usually sufficient. The quantity of water and the force of the water (pouring from a

height often helps) must be sufficient to move the excreta up and over the curved water seal.

49
 Both pedestals and squatting pans can be used in the pour flush mode. Due to demand,

local manufacturers have become increasingly efficient at mass-producing affordable pour flush

toilets and pans. Schematic of the Pour-flush Toilet. Source: TILLEY et al. (2014)

Graph 6.3
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents Sanitary Condition

The graph displays the frequency and percentage distribution of how frequently respondents

used restrooms. 96 respondents, or 87.3%, indicated that sanitation was good. The observation of

very good sanitation in 9 individuals, or 8.2%, excellent sanitation in 5 individuals, or 4.5%, and

poor sanitation in 0 individuals, or 0%.

The finding showed that the majority of the respondent’s sanitary condition is good in

sanitation of family households since the majority of them are capable of cleaning their toilet, but

not in a manner that creates an extremely clean surroundings.

50
 Good sanitation simply refers to the use of hygienic toilet facilities that are not shared with

other households and where excreta are either separated from human contact and safely disposed

of in situ or transported and treated off-site, protecting people and the environment from disease

agents (United Nations, 2019). Lack of adequate sanitation facilities increases the risk of infection

for other people because waste from ill people can contaminate the land and water of a community

(CDC, 2022).

VII. Domestic Animals

The frequency and percentage breakdown of respondents' domesticated animals are shown

in the graph. It reveals that most respondents 37 or 33.6% have dogs, 27 or 24.6% have cats, 11 or

10% have fish, 2 or 1.8% have chicken, and 33 or 30% have none. 110 animals overall, or 100%

of all domestic animals.

51
 According to the data, the majority of residents of Purok 1-A Bernales, Barangay Tipanoy

own pets. And it is really important that we teach our kids about animals around us, so that they

can befriend and protect them. Domestic Animals and humans form an ecosystem where they co-

depend on each other and help one other in different ways, it is our core responsibility to make

sure that this ecosystem is balanced and cruelty-free. So it is a great idea to teach our future

generations about Domestic Animals to make them empathetic towards these furry four-legged

friends of ours. Dogs are very popular in the Philippines because they are obedient, sociable, and

cunning. Some dog owners throw their pets away because they cannot afford to feed them and,

moreover, because they lack the time to care for them when they become ill.

Owning a pet, particularly a dog is very fulfilling and will deliver hours of delight, according

to a study by DOH guidelines. However, caring for dogs appropriately is a full-time job. If people

don't, it will cause misery for unwanted animals, put a strain on welfare shelters, and have a serious

negative influence on the environment because unwanted pets might join strays.

A previous study into successful international animal welfare management strategy

presented the vital need for animal welfare proponents to establish mutual benefits with the

livestock industry. What the perceived benefits to addressing farm animal welfare are, is therefore

important information not previously researched. This study asked leaders in the livestock industry

in regions across six Asian countries what they saw as the key benefits for improving animal

welfare, and which of those benefits they found the most compelling. The potentials to increase

productivity of the animals and improve meat quality were among the most frequently cited and

most highly rated across the countries. (Basel ,2019)

52
 Graph 7.2
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents Place Animal Kept

The frequency and percentage distribution of the locations where animals are kept are

shown in the graph. The majority of the population, 63 or 57.2%, kept the animal outside, while

14 or 12.8% kept it within a door, and 33 or 30%, had none. All 110 animals, or 100% of them,

are kept.

According to the data, the vast majority of respondents in Purok 1-A Bernales, Barangay

Tipanoy, prefer pets being outside since some animals don't have a proper place to stay and the

outside cannot afford or has a low salary to buy animal capes or construct a proper place for

animals. Some dogs simply continued to roam without a dog leash.

Renée Delphin Rodriguez's study from 2020 states that a responsible pet owner, or what

some people describe as a "pet parent," has two fundamental obligations under the law. Pet owners

are first advised to give their animals proper care and nutrition. Second, owners of pets are

53
vicariously accountable for any harm and damage brought on by the animals. Being aware of these

ideas is essential for being a responsible pet owner, especially because animal cruelty is a crime

that carries a punishment.

Graph 7.3
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents Animal Sanitary Condition

The frequency and percentage distribution of the animal sanitary condition are shown in

the graph. Out of the 77 respondents, 60 or 77.9% had been observed to have a good animal

sanitary condition where 15 or 19.4% have a very good condition, and 2 or 2.6% of the respondents

have an excellent animal sanitary condition.

The findings showed that the majority of the respondents sanitary condition is good in

sanitation of family household since the majority of them are capable of cleaning and disinfection

animals and materials but not in a manner that creates extremely clean surroundings.

54
 According to Matilla, F., Velleman, Y., Harrison, W., and Nevel, M. (2018), neglected

Tropical Diseases (NTDs) affect the health and economies of populations globally. Many of these

diseases are zoonotic, occurring as a consequence of the interaction between humans and animals,

particularly at the household level in low- and middle-income countries. Based on the WHO

Global Strategy to accelerate and sustain progress on NTDs, including zoonoses, through

improvement in sanitation, hygiene and water, this review identifies existing published studies

examining the interaction between water, sanitation and hygiene elements, animals and zoonosis

transmission within the household. They showed the relevance of animal influence in the

effectiveness of WASH measures, as well as the difficulties of designing studies that look at this

particular interaction. A synthesis of several studies analyzed in the second selection stage of the

review shows a significant relationship between animal and WASH factors for disease

transmission. It also shows certain contradictions regarding the importance of key risk factors for

some diseases across studies. It is therefore crucial to carry out further studies showing the

interaction between animals and water, hygiene and sanitation measures within the household to

improve these control measures and reduce zoonotic neglected tropical disease transmission.

55
 VIII. Presence of Hazards

The frequency and percentage distribution of the presence of accidents are shown in the

graph. The majority of the population, 97 or 88.2%, are from the riverside, while 11 or 10% are

under the coconut tree. Most of them are on the riverside.

Most of the respondents from Purok 1-A claim that the riverside is the most hazardous

area since when heavy rains or typhoons occur, the place is very vulnerable, especially during

floods. Brgy. Tipanoy has a riverbank, where some residents are residing. This is very hazardous

to those residents since they would be experiencing the risks of living in that area.

Residents of urban informal riverside settlements are regularly threatened by floods and

simultaneously are facing potential eviction, particularly in multi-hazard prone cities in developing

countries in Asia. Governments usually choose relocation as a preventive measure due to the high

56
exposure of riverside communities whereas ignoring the repercussions on the resident's socio-

economic conditions of these dramatical changes. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences

(2012).

Most deaths from natural disasters in the country are caused by hydrometeorological

events. Over the three years 2010-2012, a total of 1,104 natural and human-induced disasters were

reported in the Philippines. These disasters killed 3,628 people, and resulted in economic damages

worth P90.9 billion (CDRC 2009-2012). Sendong triggered flash floods that killed 1,268 persons

and an economic loss of P 1.5 billion (NDRRMC, 2012). The cities of Cagayan de Oro and Iligan

suffered similar devastating effects. Within a year (2012), Typhoon Pablo reaffirmed what had

already been in people's minds: that something needs to be done to prepare for flood hazards.

57
 IX. Establishment

Graph 9.1 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents Food Establishment

The frequency and percentage distribution of their food establishments are shown in the graph.

The majority of the population are none, while some of them (1.8%) have an eatery. Most of them

are none.

The respondents of Barangay Tipanoy had only 2 eateries. Despite having only 2 eateries,

it can save their money and eat healthy foods. Unlike in eateries, it impacts blood sugar and blood

pressure, increases inflammation, and may mean an individual does not eat enough necessary

nutrients. Also, they can always cook their own food at home, which is much more convenient and

safe.

The Carinderia is a local eatery selling and serving and viands with wooden benches. It's also

known as a "turo-turo" wherein customers literally point what they want to eat from an array of

58
cauldrons. The carinderia was considered as a respite of travelers having originated as a quick food

service in busy crossroads. Today, carinderias have evolved according to the needs of Filipinos;

there are now variations including the traveling carinderia and the high-class carinderia (Antonino,

2019).

Graph 9.2
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents Non-Food Establishment

The frequency and percentage distribution of their non-food establishments are shown in

the graph. The majority of the population are none, while some of them (1.8%) have a sari-sari

store which has a frequency of 9 or 8.2% while others has 5 or 4.5%. Most of them are none.

According to the data, the respondents of Purok 1-A, Tipanoy had 9 sari-sari stores. The

sari-sari store provides easy access to basic commodities at low cost. Without them, residents must

go to the nearest market town, which may be quite far from the community itself. Sari-sari stores

59
also provide cheap products with the use of repacking. They buy products from markets and sell

them to multitudes.

Sari-sari or neighborhood stores are the go-to for most Filipinos for their daily necessities.

By selling products in small quantities, sari-sari stores enable households with a meager income

to purchase their needs for the day (Tranco, 2020).

X. Presence of Breeding or Resting Sites of Insects

The frequency and percentage distribution that indicates the presence of breeding or resting

sites of insects are shown in the graph. All (100%) of the respondents in the population said that

there are breeding or resting of insects present in their area.

60
 According to the data, breeding or resting sites are very obvious in the area since most of

the residents have noticed their presence, especially since it is near them. These insects that were

observed in Purok 1-A Bernales, Brgy. Tipanoy can be harmful, especially to the children residing

in the area, because most of them spend their time playing outside, where the insects are mostly

seen.

The Philippines has a rich host of tropical flora and fauna, with arthropods representing the

greatest diversity. The most popular edible insects are honey bees, Apis dorsata F. and A. cerana

F., both indigenous species. Forest insects as food: humans bite back. Proceedings of a workshop

on Asia-Pacific resources and their potential for development, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 19-21

February, 2008 2010.

61
 XI. Community in General

Graph 10.1 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents General Sanitary

Condition

The frequency and percentage distribution of their community in general has the majority

of the population “good” with a total of 76 or 69.1%, it also interprets “very good” with 18 or

16.4% which means they have a good community. Only 15 or 13.6% are in need of improvement.

Based upon the observation, the respondents in Purok 1-A mostly have a good sanitary

condition because most of them intend to help people or serve the wider society. It is often aimed

at improving the lives of others, especially disadvantaged communities. Community service can

help various groups: children, women, transgender people, the elderly, and even animals.

Adding precision to our understanding of community can help funders and evaluators

identify, understand, and strengthen the communities they work with. There has been a great deal

62
of research in the social sciences about what a human community is (Chavis and Wandersman,

1990; Nesbit, 1953; Putnam, 2000).

Graph 10.2
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents Housing Congestion

The graph presented the number of respondents who rated their house congestion. Results

showed that 110 or 100% responded “yes”, which means all of them are in wholesome living

conditions.

Using the data provided, the residents of Barangay Tipanoy are experiencing house

congestion, which could be due to water contamination or the food they consume. Moreover, these

problems may arise from their daily living activities that they are unaware of. For example, failing

to practice proper sanitation, eating unhealthy foods, and so on.

63
 The relationship between housing and health is multifaceted. A healthy home must have a

sound structure, be free of hazards, provide adequate sleeping, personal hygiene, food preparation

and storage, be an environment for comfortable relaxation, privacy and quiet, and allow for social

exchange with friends, family, and others. The local environment also influences factors such as

crime fear, access to local services and facilities, and social interaction. Informal housing

arrangements, substandard structures, congestion, and land-use conflicts characterize the urban

housing problem in the Philippines (Monsod, 2012). According to Raghunath (2020), as vibrant

and dynamic as it is, there is much the city could improve through better urban planning to address

visible issues of congestion, lack of affordable housing, and more broadly, providing a livable and

healthy urban environment so that citizens can thrive.

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 Graph 10.3
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents Terms of Social/Recreation
Facilities

The graph presented the number of respondents who rated their social/recreational

facilities. Results showed that 110 or 100% responded “basketball court”, which means all of them

are those portions of the facilities devoted primarily to “basketball court”.

According to the data, the respondents of Barangay Tipanoy have a basketball court, which

means it provides students, neighbors, and residents a venue to gather and perform various school

and extra-curricular activities protected from the heat of the sun or heavy rains. Residents can also

use the facility for barangay events and recreational programs, as well as serve as an evacuation

center.

Recreation is a significant element of preventive health care, used by community health

centers as an aid to rehabilitation, moderation of stress and maintenance of health. Although the

65
amount of leisure available to the people is increasing, many are unable to take full advantage of

it due to inadequate recreational education or other causes. Current Trends in Recreation, Achper

S Aus Branch, Adelaide (1974)

Graph 10.4
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondent’s Availability of Health Care
Service

The graph presented the number of respondents who rated their availability of health care

service. Results showed that they have only one health center in their corresponding area with a

total of 110, or 100%.

A well-placed health facility increases uptake of essential healthcare services and improves

health outcomes especially among vulnerable populations. In many low and middle-income

countries (LMICs), the decision to build health facilities is traditionally based on political and

pragmatic considerations. Consequently, the location of most health facilities is typically far from

66
optimal. In recent years, governments are now increasingly interested in studying where to build

health facilities to facilitate the achievement of health system goals. In the Philippines, access to

basic healthcare services remains a major challenge. TRelevant to the reform includes identifying

optimal locations for new healthcare facilities, specifically primary care facilities (PCF) or rural

health units (RHUs), which are government-owned health facilities that provide basic and

comprehensive healthcare services to individuals, families, and local communities. (Lorenzo, et

al, 2021)

Graph 10.5A
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents Communication Facilities
Available

The frequency and percentage distribution of communication facilities available are shown

in the graph. Results showed that they used their cell phones, with a total of 98, or 89.1%.and it is

the majority of respondents. Only 12 or 10.9% were using radio, and none were using tv.

67
 According to the data, the majority of the respondents owns a cellphone. It's convenient

because they can send texts, emails, and make phone calls, as well as access a full range of

computer functions. In other words, anything can be done on a cellphone, performed on a

smartphone, and cost less than a standard device, which is now affordable to the majority of

consumers.

According to Clark (2016), recent statistics show that more individuals communicate with

cellular phones than with any other device. Mobile is seen by many media analysts as its own

medium with its own defining characteristics. This hand-held technology has people not only

talking, texting and reporting. Individuals are so dependent upon phones that the device has

become critical in many aspects of everyday life. The mobile technology has empowered a global

community of techno savvy consumers known as Generation C. Generation C is not defined by

age or nationality, but by an insatiable appetite for all things digital.

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 Graph 10.5B
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents Transportation Facilities Available

The frequency and percentage distribution of transportation facilities available are shown

in the graph. Results showed that they used PUV as their transportation with a total of 83 or

75.5%.and it is the majority of respondents. Only 26 or 23.6% were using motorcycles, and others

had no transportation.

With the data indicated, PUVs (Public Utility Vehicle) are the most available transportation

facility in Purok 1-A since most of the residents don't have their own cars and their means of

transportation are PUVs. Benefits from these were much appreciated by the public. These include

the use of diesel engines to power it and the low transportation fare it provides.

69
 Public transport could be a significant part of a more climate-friendly transport system but

it is lacking all preconditions to reach its potential. The highly fragmented public transport system

is dependent on outdated, often small-scale road-based vehicles and is dominated by jeepneys

(approx. 200,000 in the Philippines, wherein approx. 55.000 in Metro Manila alone).

According to Añonuevo (2022), the Jeepney is not only the most common mode of public

transportation in the Philippines but also an iconic national symbol. Jeepney is a very unique public

transport mode not only in its vehicle type but also in ways it is operated and utilized by passengers

in Iligan City.

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 IV. Health Status

Graph 11
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents Hereditary Disease/s

Graph 11 shows the frequency and percentage distribution of those who have hypertension,

diabetes, and other hereditary disease and have done check-ups in the hospitals or went to health

centers to be diagnosed. Result shows that out of 46 respondents, 28 or 61% has been diagnosed

with hypertension, 15 or 33% has been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and other hereditary

disease has 3 or 6%.

According to the information provided by the locals, diabetes mellitus and hypertension

are the two hereditary diseases that are more prevalent in the barangay.

There are many possible causes of human diseases but family history is often one of the

risk factors for common diseases. According to the Department of Health, the leading causes of

death are diseases of the heart, diseases of the vascular system, pneumonias, malignant

71
neoplasms/cancers, all forms of tuberculosis, accidents, COPD and allied conditions, diabetes

mellitus, nephritis/nephritic syndrome and other diseases of respiratory system. Among these

diseases, six are non-communicable and four are the major NCDs such as CVD, cancers, COPD

and diabetes mellitus.

Graph 11.1
4.2 History of Illness / Present Illness

The graph presented the distribution of history of illness/present illness in frequency and

percentage. Out of 401 respondents, 388 or 96.75% manifested no history of illness/present illness

and 2 or 0.5% had been diagnosed with anemia, 1 or 25% had been diagnosed with brain tumor, 3

or 0.75% had been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, and 7 or 1.75% had been diagnosed with

hypertension.

72
 According to the World Health Organization (WHO, 2013), nearly one billion people

globally have high blood pressure, two thirds of whom are in developing countries. Hypertension

is also one of the top causes of premature deaths worldwide and the problem is growing. In 2025,

an estimated 1.56 billion adults will be living with hypertension, the WHO (2011) warned.

The 2013 survey further revealed that the prevalence of hypertension was highest among

the 70 years old and above age group at 43.4% and lowest among the 20-29 age group at 7.2%.

Males had a higher hypertension prevalence of 25.1% than females at 19.9% in every age group

from 20-70 years old and above. Hypertension tended to increase with wealth and was slightly

higher among rural dwellers at 19.0% – 24.8% compared with urban residents at 20.0% – 23.4%.

Hypertension exerts a significant comorbidity impact on type 2 diabetes, thus leading to

cardiovascular diseases.

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 Graph 11.2
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents Non-communicable Diseases

The graph shows that out of 401 total population, the distribution of frequency and

percentage of non-communicable/communicable and lifestyle diseases whereas 389 responded

none, 7 or 1.75% has hypertension, 3 or 0.75% has type 1 diabetes, 1 or 0.25% has cataract and

brain tumor.

According to the World Health Organization (2022), noncommunicable diseases (NCDs),

also known as chronic diseases, are long-term illnesses caused by a combination of genetic,

physiological, environmental, and behavioral factors. Cardiovascular diseases (such as heart

attacks and stroke), cancers, chronic respiratory diseases (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary

disease and asthma), and diabetes are the most common types of NCD. NCDs disproportionately

affect low- and middle-income countries, which account for more than three-quarters of global

NCD deaths (31.4 million).

74
 Graph 11.3

The residents who responded to the survey reported using 3 different types of medications

for hypertension and 3 types for diabetes, as shown in the graph.

The graph depicts that hypertension medications are the most commonly used medications

among respondents. Losartan is the most commonly used medication to treat hypertension in

residents, followed by amlodipine and captopril. Residents also took metronidazole, diamicron,

and glumet XR as prescribed by their doctor for diabetes.

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 Graph 11.4
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents Usual Health Provider

Graph 11.4 shows the distribution of frequency and percentage of their usual health

provider. The data shows that out of 128 respondents, 50 or 39% are doctors, 38 or 30% are

midwives, 32 or 25% are nurses, and 8 or 6% have responded to other health providers.

The data provided by the residents shows that the majority of their regular healthcare

providers are doctors and midwives rather than nurses due to the lack of nurses working in the

barangay.

According to Mallari (2020), community health workers (CHWs) are an important cadre

of the primary health care (PHC) workforce in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

The Philippines was an early adopter of the CHW model for the delivery of PHC, launching the

Barangay (village) Health Worker (BHW) programmed in the early 1980s, yet little is known about

the factors that motivate and sustain BHWs' largely voluntary involvement. This study aims to

76
address this gap by examining the lived experiences and roles of BHWs in urban and rural sites in

the Philippines.

Graph 11.5
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents Source of Health Information

Graph 11.5 shows the distribution of frequency and percentage in their source of health

information. The data shows that out of the 132 respondents, the majority of its sources are the TV

62 or 47%, internet 50 or 38%, and 20 or 15% responded to radio.

The internet is the second-most popular and widely used source of health information

among locals, followed by radio, and television. The graph shows that since television is the only

available option in each respondent's home, it is the most frequently used information source.

The advantages of health information technology (IT) include facilitating communication

between health care providers; improving medication safety, tracking, and reporting; and

77
promoting quality of care through optimized access to and adherence to guidelines. Health IT

systems permit the collection of data for use for quality management, outcome reporting, and

public health disease surveillance and reporting. However, improvement is needed with all health

IT, especially regarding design, implementation, and integration between platforms within the

work environment. Robust interoperability is critical for safe care, but this goal has proved elusive.

Significant patient safety concerns already have been recognized; it is important to keep patient

safety and quality as the primary focus.

78
 V. Nutritional Assessment

Graph 12
Frequency and Percentage Distribution in Terms of Quality and Quantity of
Food/Nutrients Intake per day

According to the graph with a total of 508 response, the majority of respondents (110, or

21.6%) consume rice every day, followed by vegetables (105, or 20.7%), fish (103, or 20.3%), and

chicken and meat (95, or 18.7%).

It demonstrates that the majority of respondents consume rice because we filipinos love

rice even without dish as long as we have rice we can survive and the second have a highest percent

are the veggies because aside that it very healthy dish it's affordable and also some respondents

have a vegetables garden where they can harvest as their dish everyday. The 3rd highest percentage

of table fish because aside from affordability the fish dish can fit in one big family and also it is

79
easy to buy because someone sells fish every other day according to the respondents and the other

respondents that can consume chicken and meat are the respondents who are capable in life that

they can afford chicken and meat even there's no occasion.

We Filipinos became rice eaters because it was part of our culture and history. Filipinos

adopted it as the standard, and it has been handed down through the generations. Most Filipinos

refer to it as "staple food," since they match it with a variety of foods.

According to the Department of Agriculture Communications Group (2020), PSA reported

that, on average, a Filipino consumes a total of 118.81 kilograms (kg) annually. This is equivalent

to 325.5 grams of milled rice daily.

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 Graph 12.1
Frequency and Percentage Distribution in terms of Eating/Feeding Habits/Practices

The frequency and percentage distribution of respondents' eating practices are shown in

the graph. Out of 110 homes, 108 or 98.2% eat three times daily, followed by 2 (1.8%) who eat

twice daily.

It show that majority of the respondents eat three times a day even though some of the

respondent don’t have regular income but they assure that their family eat three times a day because

they believe that eaten 3 times a day is the source of energy of the body and basically it is advised

that you have three substantial meals each day to give your body the time it needs to digest your

food and absorb the nutrients.

According to Lindsey DeSoto, RDN, LD (2022), people who eat more frequently are more

likely to have better diet quality. Specifically, those who consume at least three meals a day have

a greater intake of vegetables, greens, legumes, fruit, whole grains, and dairy. These individuals

81
are also more likely to consume less sodium and added sugars than those who consume two meals

per day.

Graph 12.2
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Food Intake Between Meals

The frequency and percentage distribution of respondents' food intake between meals are

shown in the graph. Out of 110 homes, 84, or 76.4%, eat between-meal snacks such as bread,

biscuits, banana cues, and coffee, followed by 26, or 23.6%, who eat junk food between meals.

Based on the respondent majority of them, the typical food they eat between meals is

dependent on what they buy in a sari-sari store that is near their home or from a merchant that

passes by from their homes.

Snacking is preferred to eating meals for 59% of adults worldwide. For millennials, that

figure jumps to 70%, according to Mondelez International’s “State of Snacking” report. The study

82
found people are looking for snacks that are more focused on functionality to meet nutritional

needs (47%) and provide more personalized nutrition (42%). Still, in the modern age of snacking,

it seems an individual’s choices are more conscious than in previous generations. Research from

Euromonitor International reported by Food Navigator found e-commerce reduced unplanned,

impulse snack purchases in the last five years. That suggests that adults snacking today are

purposefully selecting the ratio of healthy to indulgent snacks that end up in their pantries

(Deyvens, 2019).

Graph 12.3
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Water Intake Per Day (No. of Glasses)

This graph represents the frequency and percentage distribution of the respondents' daily

water consumption. It reveals that 90 or 81.8% of the respondents drink 6 to 10 glasses a day, and

11 or 10% drink 11 and above glasses a day, and the last 9 or 8.2% drink 1-5 glasses a day.

83
 Majority of the respondents drink 6 to 10 glasses a day because they know that drinking 6

to 10 glasses of water every day helps them not to get dehydrated and even though they are busy

with work and housework they still don't forget to drink a lot. It's important to have enough water

every day for a variety of reasons, including maintaining normal body temperature, lubricating

joints, preventing infections, feeding cells with nutrition, and maintaining healthy organs.

Additionally, being hydrated enhances mood, cognition, and sleep.

According to Mayo Clinic (2022), every day you lose water through your breath,

perspiration, urine and bowel movements. For your body to function properly, you must replenish

its water supply by consuming beverages and foods that contain water. Most healthy people can

stay hydrated by drinking water and other fluids whenever they feel thirsty. For some people, fewer

than eight glasses a day might be enough. But other people might need more. The U.S. National

Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine determined that an adequate daily fluid intake

is: About 15.5 cups (3.7 liters) of fluids a day for men. About 11.5 cups (2.7 liters) of fluids a day

for women. These recommendations cover fluids from water, other beverages and food. About

20% of daily fluid intake usually comes from food and the rest from drinks. The advice to drink

eight cups of water a day stems from a 1945 recommendation from the Food and Nutrition Board

of the National Research Council, which encouraged adults to consume about 64 ounces of water

daily (O’Connor, 2022).

84
 VI. Lifestyle

Graph 13
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondent’s Lifestyle in Terms of Diet

As evidenced by 120 responses given by the respondents, the frequency and percentage

distribution of their dietary habits were displayed in the graph. 48 of them, or 40%, were identified

as "Carnivorous" followed by 37 or 31% Lcatoovo Vegetarian, and 35 Vegan, or 29%.

The results convey that majority of the respondent have two dietary habits and they like to

alternate this two which is the carnivorous and the lacto ovo vegetarian because having a

alternative diet we may get all the energy we need to stay active throughout the day and which will

keep us strong and healthy and help us to avoid illnesses caused by poor diet.

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) defines a healthy diet as one

that includes: covers a wide range of dietary items from various food groups; b. satisfies each

85
person's calorie and nutrient demands; c.is risk-free, posing no danger from chemicals, germs,

mold, or poisons; d. is pleasing and socially appropriate; and e.is accessible and sufficient every

day of the year. The World Health Organization (WHO) also states that a healthy diet stresses

frequent consumption of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, root crops, milk that is fat-free or low-

fat, lean meats, poultry, fish, eggs, beans, and nuts. Additionally, it has low levels of cholesterol,

salt, trans fats, added sugars, and saturated and trans fats.

Graph 13.1
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondent’s Lifetime in Terms Rest and Sleep:
Nap After Lunch

The chart shows the frequency and percentage distribution of the respondents whether they

take a nap after lunch. Majority of the respondents answered "yes," with 62 or 56.4% saying they

86
nap after lunch; however, 48 or 43.6% respondents answered "no," saying they’re not taking naps

after lunch.

Out of 110 respondents, 62 or 56.4%, take a nap after lunch because the majority of our

respondents is a housewife and after they do the household chores such as cleaning the house

preparing food for their family and washing the dishes and caring for their child and Etc. After

that they take a nap after lunch because they are tired from housework.

According to Sidney (2019), the Filipino habit of idlip, or a short nap after lunch, defines what

siesta is: a short and sweet Filipino version of the Spanish kind that lasts for two to three hours

before lunch. In several nations, especially those where the weather is warm, such a period of rest

is a widespread custom.

There are a lot of theories on why people feel sleepy after eating. Blood flow to the small

intestine “dramatically increases” after a person eats, says Dr. Tomonori Kishino, a professor of

health science at Japan’s Kyorin University. And as blood is pumped into the gut to fuel digestion,

a corresponding drop in blood flow to the brain could trigger feelings of sleepiness, he says.

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 Graph 13.2
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents in Terms Hour of Sleep at Night
Per Household

In terms of hours of sleep, the graph displayed the respondents' frequency and percentage

distribution. It showed that out of 110 respondents, 57 or 51.8% reported getting 5-7 hours of sleep,

36 or 32.7% said they slept for 8 to 10 hours, and 17 or 15.5% said they slept for 1 to 4 hours.

This indicated that the majority of the respondents sleep 5-7 hours during night. They prefer

to sleep more at night, because some residents have work during the day and they are busy and

even their child had class during the day. It's important to get enough sleep to preserve good health

and wellbeing.

88
 According to Sabrina Felson, MD (2022) the amount of sleep a person needs depends on

many things, including their age. In general. Most adults need 7 to 9 hours, although some people

may need as few as 6 hours or as many as 10 hours of sleep each day.

Graph 13.3
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents in Terms of Exercise Activity

The graph showed the frequency and percentage distribution of respondents in terms of

their exercise activity. It showed that out of 110 respondents, 59 or 53.6% answered “Yes” while

51 or 46.4 answered “No”.

It indicates that the majority of participants did not engage in physical activity. This is

probably a result of a lack of motivation and time. The majority of respondents are mothers who

spend the most of their free time with their kids rather than exercising frequently. Their primary

concern is where to get food to feed their families.

89
According to Abadilla (2017), Across Asia, the Philippines is among those with the highest

percentage of citizens who don’t exercise regularly mostly due to lack of time, lack of personal

motivation and “distractions” of modern life, based on the latest Sun Life Financial Asia Health

Index.

Asked to identify the barriers to living a healthier life, 57 percent of Filipinos blamed it on

their lack of time due to work while 47 percent admitted that it’s due to “lack of personal

motivation.” Some 47 percent also identified “distractions of modern life.” These are the people

who spend a lot of time glued to their gadgets and engaging in social media than engaging in

physical activities. Other key barriers named by Filipino respondents were cost (45 percent) and

the lack of accessible venues to engage in sports and recreation (36 percent). Some 30 percent of

respondents also felt they were less healthy compared to three years ago.

90
 Graph 13.4
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents in Terms of Exercise Activity

The graph showed the frequency and percentage distribution of out of 110 respondents 23

or 45.1% who perform exercise activity twice a week and 12 or 23.5% performed exercise once a

week, 7 or 13.7 Everyday, and 6 or 11.8% who perform exercise thrice a week and 3 or 5.9%

perform exercise 5 times a week.

59 or 53.6% respondents stated that they did not exercise because they did not have time

to do so due to their busy schedule at work, and they preferred to relax after work and some

respondents stated that they don’t like to exercise because it makes them tired and they have body

pain. And the 51 or 46.4% respondents stated yes they do exercise once or twice a week or more

by Jogging or walking every morning around the area.

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 The World Health Organization (WHO) indicates that adults should engage in at least 30

min of moderate PA 5 days per week to optimize health (WHO, 2008). The inclusion of chores

and activities of daily living (ADL) as part of PA in several ethnic studies (Belza et al., 2004) has

brought interest to researchers whether important types of activity are not being unidentified using

current criteria and measures (Fischbacher, 2004).

Graph 13.5
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents in Terms of Cigarette Smoking

The graph showed the Frequency and percentage distribution of the respondents in terms

of cigarette smoking. It was presented that out of 110 respondents 81 or 73.6% answered no and

29 or 26.4% answered yes. It shows that the majority of the respondents do not smoke because of

its additional cost to them and aside from it they know that smoking is bad for their health.

Although the data that reported in the very recent post of PSA (2021). There were 23.8

percent (16.6 million) adults reported as tobacco users in any form. Overall, 18.7 percent (13.1

92
million) of adults currently smoke tobacco daily with an average of 11 cigarettes per day. Smoking

can lead to ongoing complications and long-term effects on your body systems. While smoking

can increase your risk of certain health conditions over years, like glaucoma, cancer, and issues

with blood clotting, some of the bodily effects happen immediately by Healthline (2023).

Graph 13.6
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents in Terms of Smoking Cigarette
Stick/s per Day

The graph shows the frequency and percentage distribution of cigarette stick/s smoking per

day. It indicates that out of 110 respondents, 29 smoked cigarette sticks per day. Majority of the

respondents 17 (58.6%) consumed 11-20 sticks per day, and 12 (41.4%) consumed 1-10 sticks per

day.

93
 It show that the 17 respondents who can consume 1 pack cigarettes per day said that they

used to smoke as a pleasure for them self and as stress reliever even they know that smoking is

bad for their health but they can’t help their self to stop smoking because they craving for its and

they stated too that their day is not complete if they can’t smoke, and the 12 respondent who can

consume 1-10 stick per day said that they used to smoke like 1 stick every they eat because its

help them not to vomits after eating and some said that they used to smoke as stress reliever.

Smoking tends to be an appetite suppressor, especially reducing the appetite for simple

carbohydrates, and it interferes with how quickly food is broken down. People who routinely use

tobacco products rely on these side effects to help them perform specific jobs at specific levels.

Nicotine is a highly addictive substance, just like many other substances, which is why smokers

find it difficult to quit this hazardous habit.

Smoking cigarettes, including hand-rolled and manufactured cigarettes, is very common

among Filipinos. According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, Men smoke cigarettes at a rate

of 47%, while women smoke cigarettes at a rate of 9%. The average daily cigarette consumption

for men is 11 cigarettes, while it is 7 cigarettes for women. The Department of Health (DOH)

reports that Philippine Global Adult Tobacco Survey on 2009 found that there are 28.3% (17.3

million) smokers in the population who are 15 years of age and older, with men making up 47.7%

(14.6 million) of the total population and women making up 9.0% (2.8 million). Eighty percent of

these people currently smoke, and on average, men and women smoke 11.3 and 7 sticks of

cigarettes each day, respectively.

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 Graph 13.7
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents in Terms of Number of Alcoholic
and Non-Alcoholic Drinkers

The graph shows the frequency and percentage distribution of respondents in terms of

number of alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinkers. It presents that out of 110 respondents, 73 or

66.4% of the respondents do not drink alcohol, while the respondents 25-22.7% who consume

alcohol and the respondents who drink alcohol occasionally are 12 or 10.9%.

This implied that the majority of the respondents which is 73 or 66.4% didn’t drink alcohol

because they are on a limited budget or have no money to buy alcoholic beverages and some are

stated that they do not drink alcohol because of aging. Some of them stated that it is prohibited in

their religion. And the another 25 or 22.7% drink alcohol as a habit and stress reliever and the

another 12 or 10.9% the are the respondent who drink occasionally

95
 The Department of Health (DOH) estimates that as of 2021, about 40.1% of adult Filipinos

drank alcohol. Four out of ten Filipinos reported drinking alcohol in the 30 days before the poll,

according to the DOH, which highlighted that this indicated "high" alcohol usage. Men used

alcohol at a rate of 51.4% compared to women's use of 28.9%. 33.1 percent, or 43 percent, of

Filipinos. A total of six drinks or more were consumed on one occasion by 2% of males and 22.9

% of women.

Graph 13.8
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents in Terms of Glasses of Alcoholic
Beverages Consumed per Day

The graph shows the frequency and percentage distribution of alcoholic beverages

consumed by the respondents per day. It is indicated that 16 or 64% respondent consumed 1-5

glasses per day, and 9 or 36% respondents consumed as much as 6 and above glasses of alcoholic

beverages per day.

96
 It shows that 25 or 22.7% drink alcohol as a habit and as a stress reliever they consume 1-

5 glasses every time they drink alcohol. An individual's tolerance may rise if they routinely

consume high amounts of alcohol, which means their body needs more of the substance to provide

the intended effect. Tolerance and addiction may develop as a result of the body adjusting to the

drug's presence. People who stop drinking abruptly may have withdrawal symptoms.

According to the World Health Organization, alcohol is a psychoactive drug with addictive

qualities that has been used for ages in many different cultures. Alcohol abuse has negative social

and economic effects as well as a high burden of disease. In people aged 20–39 years,

approximately 13.5% of total deaths are attributable to alcohol.

Graph 13.9
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Respondents in Term of Usage of Prohibited
Drugs/Substances

97
 The graph showed the frequency and percentage distribution of the respondents in terms

of their usage of any prohibited drug or substance. It showed that out of 110 respondents, 110 or

85% answered “No” while 0 or 0% responded to “Yes”.

None of the respondents' family members use any illegal substances. or In the

neighborhood. Both parents are very strict on their child, and according to our respondents they

educate their child how bad illicit drugs are and how drugs can destroy their and their future. So

even if they are busy they always ensure that they are able to still keep an eye on their kids'

activities despite the fact that they are always at their neighborhood or school.

According to the Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB) (the government agency mandated to

formulate policies on illegal drugs in the Philippines), there are 1.8 million current drug users in

the Philippines, and 4.8 million Filipinos report having used illegal drugs at least once in their

lives.

The Department of Health states that a person who used drug (PWUDs) are more likely to

experience negative health issues like drug use disorders, to become infected with infectious

diseases like HIV and hepatitis C, and to experience co-occurring or comorbid mental health

disorders like depression, psychosis, and anxiety. According to the World Drug Report 2021, 275

million people, or one in every 18 people in that age range, used drugs at least once in the previous

year in the world in 2019. This figure ranges from 175 million to 374 million. This translates to

5.5% of the world's population between the ages of 15 and 64 (range: 3.5% to 7.4%).

98
 VII. FAMILY PLANNING (15-49 years old only)

Graph 14
How many children do you want?

Graph 14 shows the frequency and percentage distribution of the respondents number of children

they want. It presents that out of 34 respondents who participate in family planning, 29 (85.3%)

want 1 to 3 children and 5 (14.7%) want 4 and above children.

Based on the respondents, majority of them who engaged in family planning only wanted to have

one to three kids because of financial instability.

Studies that women who have more than four children are more likely to experience maternal

mortality; therefore, they should make appropriate plans. (The Medical City,2020)

99
 Graph 14.1
Plan for the Interval of Pregnancy

Graph 14.1 presents the frequency and percentage distribution of the respondents plan for

the interval of pregnancy. The result showed that out of 34 respondents, 23 (67.6%) of the

respondents plan for 2 years and above, while 11 (32.3%) plan 2 years for the interval of

pregnancy.

Majority of the respondents plan 2 years and above interval for pregnancy because there

is a higher chance of having a bad birth outcome (such as a premature birth or a low birth weight

baby). Also, because it is the recommended birth spacing for family planning, for them, that much

time allows their body to recuperate completely from their previous pregnancy before it is prepared

for their upcoming pregnancy. The mother's and the child's health may be in danger due to these

circumstances.

100
 According to the World Health Organization (WHO), birth spacing allows women to

recover from previous pregnancies, but both too short and too long intervals lead to adverse

maternal, perinatal, neonatal, and child health outcomes. A birth interval of 33 months, or at least

24 months, is recommended between the last live birth and the subsequent pregnancy. (Pimentel

J., et al., 2020)

Graph 14.2
Did you receive Family Planning and responsible parenthood lectures prior to marriage?

Graph 14.2 showed the frequency and percentage distribution of the respondents who

received family planning and responsible parenthood lectures prior to marriage. The results

displayed that most of the respondents received lectures about family planning 30 (88.24%) and

only 4 (11.76%) respondents didn't receive family planning prior to marriage.

It indicates that the majority of the respondents received lectures about family planning

mostly from BHW and midwives. It can protect them from the financial, emotional, and physical

101
costs of an unintended pregnancy. Unplanned pregnancies have an impact on the mother's health,

which alters the wellbeing and security of her unborn child.

Family planning can assist a couple or individual in determining what is best for their

sexual and reproductive health. A couple can achieve financial stability and create a family they

can properly support by carefully spacing their pregnancies. A healthy family is the basis of a

healthy community, and a healthy family is one that has received the right care. (The Medical City,

2020)

Graph 14.3
From where did you get the information?

Graph 14.3 presents the frequency and percentage distribution of the respondents where

they get sources of information about family planning and responsible parenthood. Most of the

respondents get information from Midwife with 20 (58.84%), they can also get information from

102
others specifically neighbors and relatives with 5 (14.70%), 4 (11.76%) of respondents get

information from doctor, 3 (8.82%) from nurse and 2 (5.88%) from BHW.

This indicated that almost all respondents answered midwife as a person who helps them

educate and learn about family planning and good parenting that is readily available at the Brgy.

Health Center.

According to Maternal Healthcare Services (2022), midwives met with expectant parents

to give them parenting advice. Midwives have specialized education and training in caring for

expectant mothers and laboring women during pregnancy, labor, delivery, and the weeks following

childbirth.

Graph 14.4
Are you practicing family planning?

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 Graph 14.4 showed the frequency and percentage distribution of the respondents practicing

family planning. The result presented that 23 (67.65%) respondents are practicing family planning

and 11 (32.35%) are not practicing family planning.

This implied that the majority of the respondents are practicing family planning, whereas

others do not because of prejudice, myths, or religious views.

According to a study from BMJ Sexual and Reproductive Health, the qualitative phase

revealed a variety of obstacles to family planning, including ignorance, access issues, religious

prejudice, myths, and resistance from husbands. However, the quantitative study revealed that the

majority of women do not find these issues to be a worry. Women's major justifications for not

using family planning were that they did not feel the need to do so since they were not currently

having sex or had recently given birth. (Bhatt N., 2021)

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 Graph 14.5
If yes, where do you get supply?

Graph 14.5 presents the frequency and percentage distribution of the respondents where

they get supply. 15 (65.22%) of the respondents get supplies from Barangay Health Station, 5

(21.74%) from pharmacies and 3 (13.04%) from hospitals.

The result conveys that most of the respondents get supply from Barangay Health Center

because of its availability and accessibility.

In accordance with Section 5.05 of the RPRH Implementing Rules and Regulations, all

accredited public health facilities must offer a full range of contemporary family planning

techniques, including medical consultations, supplies, and necessary and reasonable procedures

for poor and marginalized couples who are trying to conceive but are experiencing infertility

problems. (Abrigo M., 2021)

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 Graph 14.6
What family planning method are you using?

Graph 14.6 shows the frequency and percentage distribution of the respondents' family

planning method. Out of 34 respondents who used the family planning method, 11 (47.84%) used

pills, followed by depo provera 4 (17.39%), 3 (13.04%) of respondents used condom and implant,

and 2 (8.69%) used intrauterine devices.

The results implied that most of the respondents used pills because these type of

contraception is 99% effective at preventing pregnancy when taken consistently every day and

helps keep hormone levels from fluctuating.

According to the Department of Health (2022), it is anticipated that all units will help

reduce the unmet need for modern family planning by delivering important family planning

messages, advising clients, and initially dispensing pills, injectables, and condoms. Pills prevent

pregnancy by: Stopping or reducing ovulation (the release of an egg from an ovary). Thickening

106
cervical mucus to keep sperm from entering the uterus. Thinning the lining of the uterus so that a

fertilized egg is less likely to attach. (Cleveland Clinic, 2020)

Graph 14.7
Are you satisfied with the family planning method that you used?

Graph 14.7 presents the frequency and percentage distribution of the respondents in terms

of their satisfaction of the family planning method. All respondents 23 (100%) are satisfied with

their family planning method. It indicates that most respondents are satisfied with using family

planning method.

The Department of Health claims that the birth control pill is an easy, and practical method

of preventing pregnancy. Additionally, it lessens acne, lightens and regularizes periods, and

lessens cramping during the menstrual cycle. All methods of family planning are secure and

successful when used correctly. Depending on their demands and health, couples can select the

technique that is "hiyang" (best) for them.

107
 Graph 14.8
Did your husband participate/ cooperate in the family planning?

Graph 14.8 shows the frequency and percentage distribution of the respondent’s husband's

participation or cooperation in the family planning program. 23 (100%) of the respondents'

husbands participated in family planning.

According to the Department of Health (2021), family planning has numerous advantages

for the mother, father, children and the entire family. A father frees up time for his family, his own

personal development, and when they are ill, so that he can focus on them. He also lessens the

burden and responsibility of providing for his family, allowing him to meet his children's basic

needs (food, shelter, education, and a better future).

108
 Graph 14.9
Do you plan to stop using the family planning method?

The frequency and percentage distribution of respondents' plans to stop using family

planning methods is shown in Graph 14.9. The majority of respondents, 16 (69.57%), intended to

continue using family planning, while only 7 (30.43%) intended to do so.

The result conveys that most of the respondents planned not to stop the family planning

method because of financial problems and enough children in their household.

According to the Population Media Center (2022), smaller families allow couples to save

a larger percentage of their income and spend some of it on infrastructure and education, which

boosts economic production, increases employment, and raises individual salaries. On the other

hand, families with several children are more likely to suffer financially and may need to make

some difficult decisions over which children to financially support and send to school.

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 VIII. Maternal & Child Health

Table 1 Menstrual History

Age Interval Duration Abnormalities

Menarche 12 28 days 4 Dysmenorrhea

cycle

Date of Last Menstruation April 25, 2022

Period (LMP)

The respondent's menstrual history was shown in Table 1. The findings indicate that the

respondent began menarche at the age of twelve (12), with a 28-day cycle lasting four (4) days.

Dysmenorrhea was one of the abnormalities mentioned by the respondent. Additionally,

respondents stated that she last had a period on April 25, 2022.

The length of the cycle is particularly unpredictable, but an average is 28 days from the

start of one menstrual period to the start of the next. By usual practice, the days of the cycle are

characterized by numbers starting with the first day of menstruation. It starts during puberty,

fluctuating from the ages of 10 to 16 (Thiyagarajan et al., 2022).

The respondent also reported abnormalities such as dysmenorrhea. In a study conducted

by French (2005), dysmenorrhea is assumed to be initiated by the release of prostaglandins in the

menstrual fluid, which causes uterine contractions and pain.

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 Graph 15

8.1.2. Obstetrical History

The respondent's obstetrical background was shown in graph 15.1 The outcome indicates

that the respondent is expecting her third child at the time the survey is being conducted because

her gravida is 3, para is 3, term is 2, and there have been 2 spontaneous abortions and no induced

and multiple ones.

111
 Table 2

8.1.3. Birth History:

No. Month/Year Infant Sex Type of Delivery Place of Delivery

1 June /2015 F NSVD GTLMH

2 August /2017 F NSVD Health Center

The respondent's birth details were shown in Table 2. Results revealed that the respondent's

first child was born in June 2015 to a female and that she gave birth via NSVD (normal

spontaneous vaginal delivery) at GTLMH (Gregorio T. Lluch Memorial Hospital). The

respondent's second child was born to a female in August 2017 and was delivered via the same

method at the health center.

Vaginal delivery is safest for the fetus and the mother when the newborn is full-term at the

gestational age of 37 to 42 weeks. Vaginal delivery is preferred considering the morbidity and the

mortality associated with operative cesarean births has increased over time. Approximately, 80%

of all singleton vaginal deliveries are at full-term via spontaneous labor, whereas 11% are preterm,

and 10% are post-term. Of note, with the advent of operative delivery modalities and surgical

delivery modalities, the number of patients who reach spontaneous labor has decreased over time,

and the induction of labor has increased.

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 Table 3

8.1. 5. Immunization Received

Tetanus Toxoids Vaccine Date Given

TT1 Unrecalled

TT2 Unrecalled

TT3 Unrecalled

TT4 Unrecalled

TT5 Unrecalled

Table 3 presented the immunization received by the respondent. Results showed that the

respondent was unable to recall the date she was given tetanus toxoid.

Tetanus toxoid contains a formaldehyde‐treated toxin that stimulates the production of

antitoxin. Tetanus occurs in newborn children born to mothers who do not have adequate

circulating antibodies to protect the infant passively, by transplacental transfer. Inhibition may be

potential by the vaccination of pregnant or non‐pregnant women, or both, with tetanus toxoid

(Demicheli et al., 2015).

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 Graph 15.1

8.1.6. Micronutrient Supplementation

Graph 15.4 presented the micronutrient supplementation of the respondent. Result shows

that the respondent takes iron and folate once a day for 6 months.

Supplementary iron and folate are often suggested during pregnancy. According to the

study conducted by Hess et al. (2011), maternal iron-deficiency anemia is linked with poor

maternal and infant results, involving preterm delivery and low birth weight. Poor folate status

raises risk for maternal anemia, spontaneous abortion, and congenital deficiencies.

Aside from iron and folate, vitamin A during pregnancy is a greater necessity. Vitamin A

is a vital micronutrient for pregnant women and their fetuses. In addition to being essential for

structural and functional development and for ocular integrity, vitamin A applies systemic impacts

on several fetal organs and on the fetal skeleton (Maia et al., 2019).

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 In addition to the two micronutrient supplements, iodine during pregnancy is equally

essential. According to a study conducted by Glinoer (2007), iodine prophylaxis should be given

thoroughly to women during pregnancy.

Graph 15.2

8.1.8. Prenatal Check- up /Consultation at least 4 visits throughout the course of pregnancy

Graph 15.5 presented the respondent’s prenatal check-up and consultation. Result shows

that the respondent's prenatal check up was 5 or more.

It is recommended by the Department of Health (DOH) for pregnant women to get at least

4 prenatal check-ups (at least 1 visit during the first 3 months; at least 1 visit during the 4th to 6th

months; and at least 2 visits during the 7th to 9th months).

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 Graph 15.3

8.1.10. Plan for Breastfeeding:

Graph 15.6 presented only one response that the respondent plans for breastfeeding. Result

shows that the respondent is planning for breastfeeding.

According to the DOH (Department of Health) breastfeeding is the best way of providing ideal

food for the healthy growth and development of babies. It has many benefits for the infant and the

mother. Benefits of Breastmilk/Breastfeeding: It provides all the energy and essential nutrients

from birth up to 6 months of life.

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 Graph 15.4

8.1.12. Nutrition

Graph 15.8 presented the respondent’s nutrition or food intake regularly. Result shows that,

respondent’s diet includes rice, fish, meat, squash, malunggay, alugbate and camote tops which

are under the go, grow and glow foods.

According to a study conducted by Sebastian et al. (2022), Pregnancy is a vital stage of life

wherein a sufficient diet is essential to maintain the normal needs of the mother as well as that of

the growing and developing fetus and tissues that strengthen the process. On the other hand,

malnutrition during pregnancy may influence the pregnant woman and growing fetus to problems

such as gestational diabetes mellitus, hypertension, pre-eclampsia-eclampsia and outcomes given

by stillbirth, preterm delivery, low birth weight (LBW) and maternal and perinatal death.

117
 Graph 16

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Pediatric Assessment (Newborn to school age)

Graph 16 presented the pediatric ages from newborn to school age. The results showed that

ages 1–12 months make up 14% of the population, 40% are 2–6 years old, and 46% are 7–12 years

old.

According to the Department of Pediatrics, the health needs and requirements of children

are fundamentally different from that of the adults, hence, the need to have special services. The

Pediatric Out- Patient Department aims to serve all clients from 0 to below 19 years of age

118
 Graph 16.1
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of
Type of Delivery

Graph 16.1 presented the type of delivery for mothers of newborn and school-age children.

The result showed that 98% delivered a normal spontaneous vaginal delivery and only 2%

delivered via cesarean section.

The results show that the majority of the respondents reported that most of them delivered

their children in normal spontaneous vaginal delivery (NSVD).

According to practo-care, normal spontaneous vaginal delivery is way better than CS and

has a lot of benefits like low infection rates, quick recovery, babies have a lower risk of suffering

from respiratory problems and no post-surgical hemorrhaging.

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 Graph 16.2

Frequency and Percentage of Distribution of

Hours in Labor

Graph 16.2 indicates the hours of labor. The results showed that 40% of respondents were

unable to recall their labor, and 33% reported taking 6–10 hours. 15% reported that their labor

took 1–5 hours, 8% reported taking 11–15 hours, and 4% reported taking 16 hours and above.

The findings show that the majority of the respondents were unable to recall their labor.

This implies that they don’t remember their labor hours.

According to the March of Dimes (2019) active labor usually lasts about 4 to 8 hours. It

starts when your contractions are regular and your cervix has dilated to 6 centimeters. In active

labor: Your contractions get stronger, longer and more painful.

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 Graph 16.3

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of

Place Delivered

Graph 16.3 presented the number of children delivered within Iligan City and outside Iligan

City. The results showed that 95% were delivered inside Iligan City and only 5% were delivered

outside.

According to the findings, the majority of respondents stated that the majority of their

children were born in Iligan City.

121
 Graph 16.4 Child’s Feeding Practices

Graph 16.4 indicates the child’s feeding practices. The results showed that only two

responded to exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months.

According to the National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) conducted in 2008 in

Southeast Asia, the Philippines has one of the lowest breastfeeding rates (34%) globally, despite

the country’s strong breastfeeding legislation.

These statistics are unfortunate since recent studies have shown that continued breastfeeding

alone cuts this by half. This shows the great impact of exclusive and complete breastfeeding on

the survival of infants. Because of this, the World Health Organization (WHO) aims to increase

the rate of exclusive breastfeeding in the first six months of life up to at least 50% in 2025.

122
 Graph 16.5

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Deworming every 6 months (Children 1- 12

years old)

Graph 16.5 presents the number of children that are undergoing deworming every 6

months. The results showed that 52% do not undergo deworming and 48% of the children undergo

deworming every 6 months. Parents and respondents were then informed about the deworming

every 6 months in the barangay health center.

It showed that the majority of the children are being dewormed. Due to these serious

problems that worms can cause, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends regular

deworming of all people at risk, including children in areas that have plenty of these worms

(endemic areas), to prevent and avoid poor growth and malnutrition.

A nationwide prevalence survey of soil-transmitted helminthiasis among children 12-71

months old revealed that 66% are infected (de Leon, Lumampao, 2004), while 54% among

123
schoolchildren have worms (Belizario et al, 2006). Recent evidence confirms that a significant

reduction in the burden of disease due to helminths can be achieved through regular mass

deworming directed to all high risk groups (WHO and UNICEF).

Graph 16.6

Immunization (Children Age 0-15 months old)

Graph 8.3.8 showed the number of parents who have already immunized their children at

ages 0–15 months.

The result indicates that the majority of the children have already completed their

immunizations.

124
 According to the Department of Health (DOH), it has started utilizing creative ways to

conduct immunization programs for babies to catch up with the 3.90% drop in the immunization

rate of infants in 2020, from 69.08 percent in 2019 to 65.18 percent in 2020. These 14 vaccines

are crucial to prevent Filipinos across life stages from acquiring life-threatening diseases. Vaccines

can prevent serious diseases that once killed or harmed many infants, children, and adults. Without

vaccines, your child is at risk for serious illness or even death from diseases like measles and

whooping cough.

Graph 16.7

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Usual Health Provider

Graph 16.7 presented the number of respondents who reported their usual health provider.

The results showed that 48% of the respondents that they consulted a midwife, 33% chose a doctor

as their health provider, 13% to nurse as their health, and only 5% to another health provider, a

total of 100%.

125
 The results reflect that the majority of the respondents reported that their usual health care

provider is a midwife. This implies that midwives are the people who are available in their place.

According to the School of Midwifery and Nursing Related Program (2018), in the Philippines,

midwifery practice has been recognized as one of the primary health care services for the people,

particularly those living in far-flung communities. The role of midwives has been expanded to

address the basic health service needs of birthing mothers and their infants. Midwifery education

must be able to respond to these needs by producing midwives who have up-to-date knowledge

and skills and the right attitude necessary to render midwifery services with competency and

dedication.

126
 IX. Adolescent Reproductive Health

Graph 17
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Family members who married at the age of 18
and below

Graph 17 indicates the frequency and percentage of family members who married at the

age of 18 or below. The result showed that out of 110 respondents, 88% answered "none," while

12% answered "yes."

The results reflect that the majority of the respondents do not agree to get married below

18 years old, considering some of their family members are still minors and given that they do not

have the capability to have their own family.

According to the Philippine National Demographic and Health Survey (2019), 1 in 6 Filipino

girls are married before they are 18 years old, or the legal age of majority. The phenomenon of

child marriage has been seen to have been practiced in indigenous and Muslim communities in the

127
country. Globally, the Philippines ranks 12th in the absolute number of child marriages. While

these communities have been trying to address this issue through community-based programs,

passing legislation strengthens the legal framework and protection for our young children and

underscores the commitment of the government as a State Party to fully implement the UN

Convention on the Rights of the Child.

128
 Graph 17.1
9.2. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Family Members Who Got Pregnant at the
Age of 18 and Below

Graph 17.1 indicates the frequency and percentage of family members who got pregnant

at the age of 18 and below. It was presented that out of 110 respondents, 99, or 90%, answered

"none," while 11 or 10% answered "yes."

The results showed that the majority of respondents who answered "none" have not gotten

pregnant at the age of 18 or below in their family since they believe they are still minors to have a

child.

According to the UNFPA-commissioned study, adolescents in the Philippines who have

begun childbearing before the age of 18 are less likely to complete secondary education compared

to those who have not begun childbearing. Childbearing in adolescence carries increased risks for

poor health outcomes for both mother and child, and the younger the adolescent, the greater the

129
risks. Pregnancy during adolescence is associated with a higher risk of health problems like

anemia, sexually transmitted infections, postpartum hemorrhage, and poor mental health outcomes

such as depression and even suicide.

Graph 17.2
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Family Member who has Experienced
Miscarriage

Graph 19.2 showed the frequency and percentage of family members who have

experienced miscarriage. It was presented that out of 110 respondents, 107, or 97%, answered

"none," while 3 or 3% answered "yes."

The findings show that the majority of those who answered "none" have never had a

miscarriage in their family.

According to the World Health Organization WHO, an emphasis on lifestyle factors as

ways to reduce the risk of miscarriage can lead to people feeling as though they did something to

cause a miscarriage

130
 Graph 17.3

The frequency and proportion of people who had a reason for miscarrying were displayed

in Graph 17.3. According to the results, stress is a factor in miscarriages for 3% of them.

According to the systematic review and meta-analysis (2019), found that stress before and

during pregnancy was associated with pregnancy loss. The results of the study indicate that while

chromosomal abnormalities are the predominant cause of miscarriage, psychological stress can

increase the risk of miscarriage by as much as 42%, such as the stress caused by poverty.

131
 Graph 17.4
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Discussion in the Family on Matters Regarding
Sexuality

Graph 19.4 showed the frequency and percentage of discussion in the family on matters

regarding sexuality. Presented that out of 110 respondents, 69, or 63%, answered "yes," while 41

or 37%, responded "no."

The findings show that the majority of respondents have family discussions about sexuality.

According to the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

(2018), Family sexuality communication can be further inhibited by many parents’ under-

estimation of their teens’ sexual behavior, which may make it difficult for parents’ to effectively

address teens’ developmental needs and could prevent teens from obtaining knowledge they need

to reduce their sexual risk behavior. Despite the need for developmentally appropriate family

conversations about sex and the challenges parents face in achieving this goal, with few exceptions

132
little research assesses family sexuality communication over the transition from early to middle

adolescence.

133
 CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS OF DATA
Identification of Health Problem
A. Hypertension
Cues:
● 28 or 61% of the respondents have hypertension
● Drinking too much alcohol or coffee (or other caffeine-based drinks)
● Eat too much salt and do not eat enough fruit and vegetables
● Do not do enough exercise
● Cigarette smoking
● Stress (family stress and financial stress)
● Family history
● Age

Interventions:
According to the Centers for the Disease Control and Prevention (2020),
● Eat a Healthy Diet. Choose healthy meal and snack options to help
you avoid high blood pressure and its complications. Be sure to eat
plenty of fresh fruits and vegetables. Talk with your health care team
about eating a variety of foods rich in potassium, fiber, and protein
and lower in salt (sodium) and saturated fat. For many people,
making these healthy changes can help keep blood pressure low and
protect against heart disease and stroke.
● Keeping Yourself at a Healthy Weight. Being overweight or obese
increases your risk for high blood pressure. To determine whether
your weight is in a healthy range, doctors often calculate your body
mass index (BMI). Talk with your health care team about ways to
reach a healthy weight, including choosing healthy foods and getting
regular physical activity.
● Be Physically Active. Physical activity can help keep you at a
healthy weight and lower your blood pressure. The Physical Activity

134
 Guidelines for Americans recommends that adults get at least 2
hours and 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise, such as brisk
walking or bicycling, every week. That’s about 30 minutes a day, 5
days a week. Children and adolescents should get 1 hour of physical
activity every day.
● Do Not Smoke. Smoking raises your blood pressure and puts you at
higher risk for heart attack and stroke. If you do not smoke, do not
start. If you do smoke, quitting will lower your risk for heart disease.
Your doctor can suggest ways to help you quit.
● Limit How Much Alcohol You Drink. Do not drink too much
alcohol, which can raise your blood pressure. Men should have no
more than 2 alcoholic drinks per day, and women should have no
more than 1 alcoholic drink per day.
● Get Enough Sleep. Getting enough sleep is important to your overall
health, and enough sleep is part of keeping your heart and blood
vessels healthy. Not getting enough sleep on a regular basis is linked
to an increased risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, and stroke.
B. Unemployment
Cues:
● About 260 or 64.8% of the respondents are unemployed (mostly
housewives)
● Lack of Decent Employment Opportunities.
● Lack of Relevant Skills and Competencies.
● Geographic Mismatch and Mobility.
● Poor Education System.
● Technology.
● Inflation.

135
 Interventions:
● Encouragement to participate in livelihood programs that are offered
by the government. The government-initiated livelihood programs
in the Philippines are led by the Department of Social Welfare and
Development (DSWD). One of the programs which helps Filipinos
is the Sustainable Livelihood Program or SLP which is primarily
established, by the essence of the Philippine Constitution, to provide
equitable opportunities and wealth distribution among the Filipino
citizens to improve their quality of life especially those
underprivileged.
● Better education. In order to fight unemployment, it is crucial to
improve the education levels of people so that it will be easier for
them to find a job.
● Motivation programs. Jobless people who are not willing to work at
all have to be incentivized to get a job. This could mean that their
social security levels may be lowered if they do not take action to
go back to work. It could also mean that these people are forced into
programs in which they get taught about the advantages of getting
out of unemployment so they have a broader perspective on the
chances of employment and might be more willing to search for a
job.

C. OPEN DRAINAGE
Cues:
● Narrow and shallow canals (open drainage) due to the presence of
small garbage particles.
Interventions:
● The community should combine drains and septic systems. The
sewerage system can include the open drains and cover them all at
once.

136
 ● There are 3 types of garbage. Garbage that can be kept or recycled,
garbage that can be buried and garbage that are useless.
● The people in the community should have at least 3”sako’s” in their
household. Their kitchen waste like vegetables and fruit peelings
can be buried in their backyard so that their soils are healthy.
● Garbage that can be kept or usable like clothes that don’t fit can be
donated or make something out of it like basahan or trapo.
● Recyclable waste like plastic bottles can be used as Do It Yourself
hanging gardens or anything similar.
● Health education of what disease might acquire with disposing of
domestic wastes, among other contaminants and toxic chemicals in
this drainage system.
D. FLOOD HAZARD/ RIVERSIDE
Cues:
● Houses line in the river's side.
● Small drainage in the area

Interventions:
• Advice to the community to help their community reduce flood
risks is becoming more critical as floods become more frequent
and extreme with climate change and sea level rise. Local
officials can be encouraged to prioritize initiatives that defend
against flooding; taking action locally to protect the
community. Communities can also encourage state and federal
officials to fund practical solutions and incentivize smart
planning in state and federal programs.
• Flood adaptation projects can generally be categorized as
traditional hard engineering or “gray” infrastructure, such as
levees, dams, hardened ditches, or nature-based soft or “green”

137
 infrastructure projects designed to mimic nature, capturing and
slowing the advance of floodwaters such as wetland creation,
living shorelines, and mangrove planting.
• Do not dump household waste into streams, ditches, ponds or
stormwater pipes. Common household waste
such as grease and paper items can accumulate and clog our
stormwater pipes and ditches and decrease the effectiveness and
introduce pollution to our streams and ditches.
• Keep trash and recycle bins off curb. Winds can blow loose trash
and empty containers onto the curb and into inlets. Keeping trash
and recycle bins off the curb decreases the chance of unwanted items
finding their way into the stormwater system and causing flooding.

138
 Identifications of Health Problem Scoring

Occurrence of Hypertension

Criteria Computation

1. Significance of the problem 6

6
2. Community awareness

3. Ability to reduce risk 5

4. Determining the cost of reducing 5

risk

5
5. Ability to identify the target
population for the intervention

5
6. Availability of resources to
intervene in the reduction of risk

32
Total

139
 Unemployment

Criteria Computation

1. Significance of the problem 9

8
2. Community awareness

3. Ability to reduce risk 8

4. Determining the cost of reducing 8

risk

9
5. Ability to identify the target
population for the intervention

8
6. Availability of resources to
intervene in the reduction of risk

Total 50

140
 Open-drainage

Criteria Computation

1. Significance of the problem 8

7
2. Community awareness

3. Ability to reduce risk 8

4. Determining the cost of reducing 7

risk

7
5. Ability to identify the target
population for the intervention

7
6. Availability of resources to
intervene in the reduction of risk

Total 44

141
 Presence of Hazards

Criteria Computation

1. Significance of the problem 9

7
2. Community awareness

3. Ability to reduce risk 9

4. Determining the cost of reducing 9

risk

9
5. Ability to identify the target
population for the intervention

9
6. Availability of resources to
intervene in the reduction of risk

Total 52

142
 CHAPTER V
ACTION PLAN BASED ON PROBLEM-ORIENTED COMMUNITY ASSESSMENT
INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

A. GENERAL ASSEMBLY
Title: “Purok syete abante, ayaw pakampante, kalimpyohan ayaw kalimti.”

GENERAL OBJECTIVES:
Assisting the community in developing a plan to solve actual problems and preparing
people to manage the program's future development. and to raise the community's level of
consciousness and sensitivity in relation to the current situation, which has impacted people's
health.

Problem Identified
1. Unemployed
Specific Objectives: Provide adequate and appropriate resources for the unemployed in the
community.

Action:
● We will teach them a livelihood business by making Kangkong chips to help them
to earn money.

2.Hypertension
Specific Objectives: To raise awareness among residents, improve their knowledge of the
effects of hypertension, and motivate them through lifestyle changes.

Action:
● Explain what hypertension is, the signs and symptoms and the risk and the
manifestation of hypertension.
● Explain how the illness affects the body.
● Distinguish the normal range of blood pressure by age.

143
3.Open drainage
Specific Objectives: To ensure that flood waters don't present an unacceptable risk to the
community.
Action
● Encourage the residents to participation on managing improper drainage system
● Explain the importance of having a proper drainage system.

4. Hazard
Specific Objectives: To raise public awareness and understanding of natural hazards and the
dangers they pose to the community.

Action
● Review the most likely types of disasters and explain what to do in each situation.
● Teach each family member how to use fire extinguisher and where to find one
● Encourage the residents to create emergency preparedness plans that include emergency
contact information.

Summary of Community Developments Activity

● The orientation of policies, principles, goals, and objective of Community Health Nursing
● Courtesy visit to the Barangay Hall of Brgy. Tipanoy and talk to the Barangay Secretary
● Gather important records regarding the assigned area history, geographical and statistical
data from the Brgy. Secretary
● Initial visit and ocular visit at Purok 1-A Bernales, Barangay Tipanoy, Iligan City
● Distribution of survey questionnaires through house-to-house visit
● Data gathering / Data analysis
● Tabulation of survey questionnaires
● Gathering of results of community survey and distribution assignment among the members
of the group for presentation, analysis of findings and supporting related literature.
● Planning for action-based program
● Collaborating and obtaining approval of the plan program based on the findings of the
survey with the CHO, Brgy. Captain and Purok President

144
● Planning and preparing for action-based program implementation
● Presentation of planned program to the community with the theme, “Purok syete abante,
ayaw pakampante, kalimpyohan ayaw kalimti”
● First editing of community development output
● Second editing of community development output
● Third editing of community development output
● Presentation of the community development output to the panel members (CHO, Brgy.
Captain, Purok President)
● Final wrote up of community development output based on the suggestions and
recommendations of the panel members.
● Submission of community development book

145
 GANTT CHART

Activities JANUARY FEBRUARY

18 19 20 23 24 25 26 27 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

The
orientation of
policies,
principles,
goals, and
objective of
Community
Health
Nursing

Courtesy visit
to the
Barangay
Hall of Brgy.
Tipanoy and
talk to the
brgy.
secretary

145
 Activities JANUARY FEBRUARY

18 19 20 23 24 25 26 27 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Gather
important
records
regarding the
assigned area
history,
geographical
and statistical
data from the
brgy.
secretary

Initial visit
and ocular
visit at Purok
1 Tipanoy,
Iligan City

146
 Activities JANUARY FEBRUARY

18 19 20 23 24 25 26 27 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Distribution
of survey
questionnaire
s through
house-to-
house visit

Data
gathering /
Data analysis

Tabulation of
survey
questionnaire
s

147
 Activities JANUARY FEBRUARY

18 19 20 23 24 25 26 27 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Gathering of
results of
community
survey and
distribution
assignment
among the
members of
the group for
presentation,
analysis of
findings and
supporting
related
literature.

Planning for
action-based
program

148
 Activities JANUARY FEBRUARY

18 19 20 23 24 25 26 27 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Collaborate and
obtain approval
of the program
from CHO,
Brgy. Captain,
Purok President

Collaborating
and obtaining
approval of the
plan program
based on the
findings of the
survey with the
CHO, Brgy.
Captain and
Purok
President.

149
 Activities JANUARY FEBRUARY

18 19 20 23 24 25 26 27 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Planning and
preparing for
action-based
program
implementati
on

Presentation
of planned
program to
the
community
with the
theme,
“Purok syete
abante, ayaw
pakampante,
kalimpyohan
ayaw kalimti”

150
 Activities JANUARY FEBRUARY

18 19 20 23 24 25 26 27 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

First editing
of community
development
output

Second
editing of
community
development
output

Third editing
of community
development
output

151
 Activities JANUARY FEBRUARY

18 19 20 23 24 25 26 27 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Presentation
of the
community
development
output to the
panel
members
(CHO, Brgy.
Captain,
Purok
President)

Final write up
of community
development
output based
on the
suggestions
and
recommendat
ions of the

152
 panel
members.

Submission
of community
development
book

153
 ESTIMATED BUDGETS

LINKAGES BUDGET

Snacks 5,820

Relief Goods 13, 055

Printing Expenses 836

Transportation 690

Total Amount 20, 402

154
 RELATED LITERATURE

HYPERTENSION

International

Hypertension is a major global public health problem and affects an estimated 1.13 billion
people worldwide, two-third of this lives in low and middle-income countries. It is predicted to be
increased by 30% and 1.56 billion adults will suffer from hypertension in 2025 and among this
about 75% of the world’s hypertensive population will be in developing countries. (Adugna M,. et
al., 2022)

Globally, 9.4 million of the 17 million fatalities from cardiovascular disease are caused by
hypertension-related complications. It has been a major risk factor for peripheral arterial disorders,
ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, and renal
failure. (Kifle Z., et al., 2022)

According to a study by O’Hare (2021), the burden of hypertension has shifted from wealthy
to low- and middle-income countries, yet the global rate of hypertension did not change
significantly between 1990 and 2019, according to the researchers' study of this enormous quantity
of data. While wealthier countries, which currently have some of the lowest rates, have seen
declines in their frequency of hypertension, it has climbed in many low- or middle-income
countries.

Numerous studies from various countries around the world demonstrate that uncontrolled
blood pressure is a common occurrence among hypertensive patients receiving treatment. As a
result, only less than 50% of the hypertensive patients in Japan (18), 31.7% in Turkey (19), and
48.3% in Malaysia had their blood pressure under control. BP control was only achieved for 47.7%
of the hypertensive patients on follow-up in Tanzania, 20. 35.9% in Uganda, 21. 32.8% in
Zimbabwe, 22. 33.4% in Kenya, and 23. and 40.1% in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. As the available
evidence showed that HTN is a public health problem in Ethiopia, mortality is high, indicating

155
increased complications of the disease such as stroke, heart failure, and renal failure. (Chanie G.S.,
et al., 2022).

Local

According to Philippine Heart Association 2020, among people who were hospitalized,
hypertension had the highest incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in the country (38.6%),
followed by stroke (30%), coronary artery disease (CAD) (17.5%), and heart failure (10.4%). In
recent statistics, the prevalence of hypertension was 28%, the same in men and women; 9% of
people were unaware; the treatment rate was 56%; compliance was 57%; and blood pressure
management was 20%. (Nailes, J., et al., 2020)

In the Philippines, hypertension still causes a significant number of deaths and disabilities. The
leading cause of death in our nation is stroke, brought on by high blood pressure. Lack of
awareness, poor compliance, and insufficient BP control are the causes of this. The availability of
more modern and useful instruments, such as home blood pressure monitoring, would undoubtedly
improve the assessment of hypertension, patient awareness, and physician vigilance in obtaining
better BP control and, consequently, better results. (Sison, J., et al., 2020)

UNEMPLOYMENT

International

The unemployment rate is defined as the percentage of unemployed workers in the total labor
force. Workers who are currently unemployed but have the ability to do so are included in the
unemployment rate. Depending on the source, estimates for the global unemployment rate for 2021
range from 6.3-6.5%.The unemployment rate is a lagging indicator, meaning it responds (rises and
falls) to changing economic conditions rather than influencing or predicting them. When the
economy grows at a healthy rate, the job market is plentiful and the unemployment rate drops. The

156
job market typically contracts and the unemployment rate increases as a result when the economy
is going through a recession or other economic instability. (World Population Review, 2023)

According to ILOSTAT (2023), Unemployment is 29% when filtered using all three criteria
(not employed, available, and looking), 38% when filtered by "not employed but available" with
no measure of looking, and a full 40% when filtered by "not employed but looking" with no
availability requirement. Comparing the unemployment rate in 2020 to the unemployment rate in
2015 is likely to create an erroneous impression because unemployment rates can vary greatly
from month to month, let alone year to year. The International Labor Organization's World
Employment and Social, reported that the global unemployment rate dropped below 5% in 2018,
the lowest since the 2008 financial crisis. That percentage did not last, however, thanks in no small
part to the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the U.S.
unemployment rate was 3.8% before the COVID-19 pandemic (February 2020). By May 2020,
the unemployment rate may have risen as high as 16%. By September 2020, the unemployment
rate decreased to 7.9%.

Local

The Philippines continues to sustain an upbeat labor market, leading towards a strong economic
recovery from the impact of COVID-19 pandemic, said the National Economic and Development
Authority (NEDA).The unemployment rate in the Philippines decreased from 7.4% in the same
period last year to 4.5 percent in October 2022, according to the Philippine Statistics Authority.
Since records began keeping track in 2019, this October's unemployment rate is the lowest ever.
As a result, the employment rate rose to 95.5 percent, setting a new high since the pandemic began.
This amounts to a level of employment in October 2022 of 47.1 million, which is 3.3 million more
than it was during the same time last year.The industry and service sectors accounted for the
majority of the job growth. In the meantime, the agriculture industry saw job losses, particularly
in forestry and agriculture, as a result of the tropical cyclones that hit the nation in October 2022.
Fishing and aquaculture, which added 34,000 jobs during the time period, helped to marginally
reduce the sector's downturn. On the other hand, the underemployment rate fell to 14.2 percent

157
from 16.1 percent in October 2021, or 371,000 fewer underemployed persons. Nevertheless, the
number of invisibly underemployed continues to increase as more seek to earn additional income
amid the persistent rise in commodity prices. (NEDA, 2022)

According to NEDA Secretary Arsenio M. Balisacan, stated that “The country’s sustained
recovery of the labor market backs our confidence that our policies and interventions to
reinvigorate our economy are working,” More than reducing the total unemployment, our goal is
to ensure that the strategies of the Philippine Development Plan for 2023-2028 will be fully
implemented to generate more jobs, green jobs, and high quality jobs that will provide Filipinos
sufficient income for their needs, and eventually live the matatag, maginhawa, at panatag na buhay
that we all aspire,” Balisacan added.

Drainage

International

According to Kolsky. P., Designing and constructing drainage systems require expert
advice from engineers to make sure that water flows away quickly and smoothly and is disposed
of in a surface watercourse or soak away. Drainage installed by one community should not create
problems for other communities downstream, nor should it affect ecologically important sites.
Environmental considerations should be given adequate attention: long-term changes to the
environment may lead to greater health problems in the future. (Kolsky, P.)
Drainage is the act, process, or mode of draining (Webster, 2018). Suripin (2004) indicated
that drainage is generally defined as a technical action to reduce the excess of water from rainwater,
seepage, or irrigation excess from a certain region/land, as land function is not affected. Moreover,
Suripin (2004) also specified drainage as an effort to control the groundwater quality in relation to
salinity, drainage is not only concerned about surface water but also about groundwater and he
differentiate types of drainage based on: 1. Formation (natural and artificial), 2. Flow systems
(network, and absorption systems), 3. Constructing purposes (urban, agriculture, runway,

158
highway, railway, dam, sport fields, urban aesthetic, environment health, and additional land), 4.
Layout design (surface and subsurface), 5. Functions (single and multi), 6. Constructions (open
and closed channel)
Interaction between natural water cycle and human activity is the reason why drainage
systems are needed in developed urban areas (Butler and Davies, 2004). Butler and Davis (2004)
also stated this interaction has two main forms: the abstraction of water from the natural cycle to
provide a water supply for human life, and covering of land with impermeable surfaces that divert
rainwater away 10 from the local natural system of drainage. Impermeable surfaces made artificial
drainage systems must be built to accommodate the water in the covered land surfaces. Artificial
systems of sewers (pipes and structures which collect and dispose of waste water) are considered
as the drainage in many urban areas (Butler and Davies, 2004).

Local

Drainage system is important to the community for certain reasons. First, it is necessary
for safeguarding the people’s health. If there is no proper drainage system, water will stagnate and
the stagnant water becomes breeding place for harmful insects. Second, it is necessary for proper
discharge of wastewater, rainwater and run-offs and for efficient flood control. Third, an efficient
sewerage system contributes to the aesthetic conditions of the environment.
Some city systems use one sewer network for domestic and industrial wastewater, and
another for rainwater, which emptied without treatment into the local waterway. This separation
ensures that no foul sewage is discharged into a waterway without treatment. Surface water enters
a sewer system through inlets located in the street gutters or depressed areas that collect natural
drainage. The amount of storm water reaching a given sewer depends upon the rate of rainfall
which flows off and the time taken by a raindrop after falling to reach the point under
consideration.

159
HAZARD

International
The purpose of a hazard warning is to provide and remind users of relevant hazard
information and to promote safety behaviors [1,2]. It is crucial that hazard information for toxic
substances be clearly presented and understandable in order to be effective in alerting users of
potential hazards and how to safely use the product. Chemical hazard communication is commonly
provided in the form of labels and safety data sheets (SDS) [3]. While chemical labels and SDS
are accessible to workers, consumers generally only have access to labels. Consumers also tend to
use other sources of information for assessing hazards and risks. This was illustrated in a recent
study on the risk perception of fracking risks among impacted communities in South Africa, which
found that more than 50% of the participants reported media (television, newspapers, radio,
internet, magazines, documentaries, and e-mail) and personal experience as sources of health and
safety information while less than 25% reported other sources such as friends and family [4].
However, chemicals may have different properties with varying degrees of health and physical
hazards, such as carcinogenic, flammable, corrosive, explosive, toxic or harmful to the
environment, which is more clearly illustrated on labels. It is important, therefore, for users to
understand the potential hazards that are displayed on labels due to high chemical exposure risks
both in work and non-work contexts. The Globally Harmonized System of Classification and
Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) aims to harmonize chemical hazard communication with the goal
of improving comprehension and therefore the effectiveness of the information communicated to
workers and consumers [5,6,7]. Comprehension of chemical information, as with health literacy
in general, is dependent on the individual’s ability to obtain (i.e., remember and recall) and
understand health/hazard information in order to make appropriate risk reduction and health-
related decisions. Harmonization of the information contained on labels and SDS is intended to
provide consistent information, with the view to promoting better recall and comprehension of
chemical hazard information. The GHS also provides a structured system for chemicals sold in
Low and Middle Income Countries (LMIC) where a chemical hazard communication system may
not be in place to further promote recall and comprehension. Importantly, once a worker or
consumer has understood the meaning of chemical hazard information on a label and/or SDS, the
key message must be remembered in order to be recalled and applied.

160
Recall can be defined as the process of retrieving words or pictures from memory [8]. Recall of
hazard information, such as the GHS information is crucial for warnings and precautionary
information to be effectively understood and applied [8,9]. Failure to recall hazard information
during a critical moment when the source of this information is not accessible can likely lead to
injury or toxic exposures to a hazard. The recall of information is a cognitive process that is likely
to differ between people and for different types of warnings and therefore it is important to
understand what factors impact on recall.

Since comprehension and recall are closely linked, the purpose of this literature review is to
identify themes as well gaps within the current literature with respect to the comprehension and
recall of hazard information. We will explore the comprehension and recall of chemical hazard
information among workers and consumers, and synthesize the predictors of comprehension and
recall of warning information found in the literature as we hypothesize these impact significantly
on recall. The terms comprehension and understanding are used interchangeably in this paper as
in the literature.

161
 CHAPTER VI
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Conclusion

The community development program conducted last January 30, 2023, shows that the actual
prioritized problems identified include: (a) occurrence of hypertension in most of the respondents
(b) inadequate family's resources due to out of job or work (c) poor environmental sanitation due
to improper drainage system (d) risk for natural hazards. Thus, health teaching about the diseases
acquired in the community is emphasized to enhance the importance of health status.

Recommendations
Based on the conclusions given, the following recommendations are listed below:

To Barangay Officers. Encouragement to strengthen government programs through participation

with various government agencies on health-related programs such as health teaching on common
diseases in the community, livelihood program and cleaning management.

To the Community. To be more cooperative and learn the importance of environmental sanitation
and understand good health practices to ensure a quality of life.

To the Nursing Students. Continue to strive more and conduct health education, promotion and
prevention programs to the community.

To the future researchers. One limitation of the present study is that a few respondents were
surveyed due to limited time access. Hence, a greater sample size is suggested and conduct further
studies in more depressing communities in order for the community to be self-sufficient despite
the foreseeable environment and health crisis.

162
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pdf/UNFPA_Policy_Brief_Teenage_Pregnancy_%282020-01-24%29.pdf

164
Bimpong, K.A., Cheyuo, E., Abdul-Mumin, A., Ayanore, M.A., Kubuga, C.K., Mogre, V.,

(2020). Mothers’ Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Child Feeding Recommendations,

Complementary Feeding Practices and Determinants of Adequate Diet

https://bmcnutr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40795-020-00393-0

Department of Health, (2021). Why is Deworming Important

https://www.nnc.gov.ph/regional-offices/mindanao/region-xi-davao-region/5718-why-is-

deworming-important

U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine, (2022). Water: How Much

Should You Drink Every Day

https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-

depth/water/art-

20044256#:~:text=The%20U.S.%20National%20Academies%20of,fluids%20a%20day%

20for%20women

Dumalao-Avadilla, D., (2017). Most Filipinos Lack Exercise

https://business.inquirer.net/223197/filipinos-lack-exercise

Antonino, K. (2019). Business Strategies Employed by Turo-Turo Owners in the

Municipality of Diffun, Quirino

https://ojs.aaresearchindex.com/index.php/AAJMRA/article/view/4218

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APPENDIX
A

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167
APPENDIX
B

168
 ADVENTIST MEDICAL CENTER COLLEGE
Brgy. San Miguel Iligan City
AY 2022-2023

SCHOOL OF NURSING
Need Assessment Survey Questionnaire

Barangay: _________________________________________ Purok/ Zone: _________ House Number: _________

Interviewer:__________________________________________ Date Surveyed: ____________________________

Direction: Please write your answer on the space provided or indicate a check ( √ ) sign on the space that
corresponds to your answer.

I. Family Structure, Characteristics, and Dynamics

1.1. Members of the household

Name Age Sex Civil Status Educational Attainment

1.2. Family members not residing in the household but contribute or affect family resource generation & use
Name Age Sex Civil Educational Position in the
Status Attainment Family

1.3. Type of family structure and form: ( ) matriarchal ( ) patriarchal ( ) nuclear ( ) extended ( )
blended
( ) dyad ( ) compound ( ) cohabitation ( ) others, specify:

1.4. Dominant family members in terms of decision making (especially on matters of health) and
care-tending _______________

II. Socio- economic and Cultural Characteristics

2.1. Monthly Income

Occupation Income of each
Type of work Place working member
Father
Mother
Children

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2. 2. Monthly Budget. (Please rank according to the portion of the family monthly budget, with 1 as the highest & 10
as the least.)
Necessities Rank Necessities Rank
Food Home maintenance
Clothing Recreation activities
Communication ( telephone bills/ load) Transportation expenses ( fare/ car fuel)
Education Vices
Electricity & water Others, specify
Health maintenance

2. 3. Who makes decision about money and how it is spent: __________________________________

2.4. Religion_______________________________________________________________________
2.5. Length of residency_________________ 2. 6. Ethnic background: _______________________
2.7. Cultural beliefs and practices/ traditions that affect health:

Home/ Environmental Health and Sanitation

3.1. Housing
3.1.1. Lot ownership : ( ) Owned ( ) Rented ( ) Others, pls. specify : ______________________
3.1.2. Home ownership: ( ) Owned ( ) Rented ( ) Others, pls. specify : ______________________
3.1.4. Construction materials used: ( ) Light ( ) Mixed ( ) Strong
3.1.5. Adequacy of living space/ number of rooms used for sleeping: ______________________
3.1.6. Lighting facilities : ( ) Electricity ( ) Kerosene ( ) Others: specify
3.1.7. Ventilation : ( ) Excellent ( ) Very good ( ) Good ( ) Poor/ Needs improvement
3.1.8. Food storage : ( ) Refrigerator ( ) Others, pls. Specify : _____________________________
3.1.9. Sanitary condition : ( ) Excellent ( ) Very good ( ) Good ( ) Poor/ Needs Improvement
3.2. Water Supply
3.2.1. Source : ( ) Level 1 ( Point source) protected well 250 meters away for 15-25 families.
( ) Level II ( Communal faucet system) not more than 25 meters away,1:4-6 households
( ) Level III ( Waterworks system) piped distribution for household taps.
3.2.2. Other types of drinking water : ( ) Processed bottled water ( ) Boiled water ( ) Others,
pls.specify : ______
3.2.3. Storage: ( ) covered container with faucet ( ) no- covered container ( ) no storage/
direct from pipe

3.3.Kitchen
3.3.1. Cooking facility: ( ) Electric stove ( ) Gas stove ( ) Firewood /Charcoal
3.3.2. Sanitary condition: ( ) Excellent ( ) Very good ( ) Good ( ) Poor/ Needs
improvement

Drainage facility: ( ) Open drainage ( ) Blind drainage ( ) None

5. Waste Disposal
5.1. Refuse & garbage: ( ) Covered container ( ) Open container
5.2. Method of disposal: ( ) Hog feeding ( ) Open burning ( ) Open dumping
( ) Garbage collection ( ) Burial in pit ( ) Composting
( ) none ( ) Others, pls. specify: ______________________
6. Toilet
6.1. Type: ( ) without toilet ( ) open pit privy ( ) closed pit privy
( ) bored- hole latrine ( ) overhung latrine ( ) antipolo type
( ) water- sealed latrin ( ) flush type ( ) others, specify:
6.2. Distance from house: _____________________
6.3. Sanitary condition: ( ) Excellent ( ) Very good ( ) Good ( ) Poor/ Needs improvement

7. Domestic animals:

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 Kind Numbers Place animals are kept

7.2. Sanitary condition, : ( ) Excellent ( ) Very good ( ) Good ( ) Poor/ Needs improvement

8. Presence of accident / fire hazards

( ) Beside the highway ( ) Under the coconut/any tree/s ( ) Pointed sharp objects
( ) Stair no hand rails ( ) Children (`1-10 yrs old) left alone in the house
( ) Poison and medicines improperly kept ( ) Others, specify
9. Establishment
9. 1 Food establishment: ( ) eatery ( ) bakeshop/ snack house ( ) others, specify
9.2. Non- food establishment: ( ) sari- sari store ( ) others, specify
10. Presence of breeding or resting sites of insects (mosquitoes, cockroaches’ etc,) rodents, vectors of diseases:
( ) Yes. Pls. specify _________________________________ ( ) None
The Community in General
10.1. General sanitary condition: ( ) Excellent ( ) Very good ( ) Good ( ) Poor/ Needs
improvement
10.2. Housing congestion: ( ) Yes ( ) No
10.3. Social/ Recreational facilities: If Yes, ( ) Basketball court ( ) Tennis court ( ) Others
specify ( ) None
10.4. Availability of health care services: ( ) health center ( ) birthing clinic, etc specify ( ) none
10.5. Distance from house to the nearest health care facility: ____________________________
10.6. Communication & transportation facilities available:
Communication: ( ) cellphone ( ) radio ( ) etc. specify
Transportation: ( ) motorcycle ( ) PUV ( ) etc, specify

IV. Health status

4.1. Heriditary disease/s: ( ) Hypertension ( ) Diabetes ( ) Others, specify__________
4.2. History of illness / Present illness (pls. Specify)
4.1.1. Non- communicable/Communicable and lifestyle diseases
4.1.2 .Communicable diseases Cancer
Non-Communicable Maintenance Communicable Maintenance
Diseases medication/s Diseases medication/s
Cancer Avian Flu
Cataract Dengue
Coronary Artery Filariasis
Disease
Renal disease Gonorrhea
Diabetes type 1 HIV/AIDS
Diabetes type 2 Leprosy
Cataract Leptospirosis
Glaucoma Malaria
Hypertension Meningococcemia
Mental illness PTB
Obesity Rabies
Others, specify Syphilis

4.2. Usual health provider: ( ) Doctor ( ) Nurse ( ) Midwife ( ) Others, specify

4.3. Source of health information: ( ) TV ( ) Internet ( ) Radio ( ) Others, specify

V. Nutritional assessment (esp. for vulnerable or at risk member)

5.1. Weight & height or BMI (wt. in kg divided by ht. in meters2)
Family Members Weight Height BMI Interpretation

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5.2. Dietary history specifying quality and quantity of food / nutrients intake per day ( Usual food eaten):
( ) Rice ( ) Vegetables ( ) Fish ( ) Meat ( ) Chicken
5.3. Eating / feeding habits/ practices: ( ) 3 meals ( ) 2 meals ( ) 1 meal
5.4. Between meals: ( ) junk foods ( ) others, specify:
5.5. Amount of water intake per day (no. of glasses )

VI. Lifestyle
6.1. Diet : ( ) Lacto Vegetatian ( ) Ovo Vegetarian ( ) Lactoovo Vegetarian ( ) Pesco
Vegetarian ( ) Vegan ( ) Carnivorous ( ) Others, specify:
6.2. Rest & sleep:
6.2.1 Nap after lunch: ( )Yes ( ) No
6.2.2 Number of hours of sleep at night: ( ) Father ( ) Mother ( ) Children: 1._________ 2.
___________
6.3. Exercise : ( ) Yes, then how often? _______ days /week ( ) No
6.4. Cigarette Smoking: ( ) Yes, then how many sticks? _______ per day/ week ( ) No
6. 5. Alcoholic Drinking: ( ) Yes, then how many bottle/s per day? ____________ ( ) No
6. 6. Use of any prohibited drugs/ substance: ( ) Yes ( ) No
If yes, pls. specify__________________________ How often?___________ How long?__________

VII. Family Planning ( 15 – 49 years old only )

7.1. How many children do you want? ( ) 1- 3 ( ) 4 & above
7.2. What is your plan for the interval of pregnancy? ( ) 2 years ( ) 2 years above
7.3. Did you receive family planning and responsible parenthood lectures prior to marriage? ( ) Yes ( )
No
7.4. From where did you get the information? ( ) Midwife ( ) BHW ( ) Nurse
( ) Doctor ( ) Neighbour ( ) Others, specify
7.5. Are you practicing family planning? ( ) Yes ( ) No
7.6. If yes, where do you get the supply ( ) BHS ( ) Hospital ( ) Others, specify
7.7. What family planning method are you using?
Natural Methods Modern Family Planning Permanent Methods
Methods
Basal body temperature Cervical cap Bilateral tubal ligation
Lactation amenorrhea method Condom Vasectomy
Standard days method Diaphragm
Symptothermal method Depo Provera
The two day method Intrauterine device (IUD)
The ovulation method Norplant implant
Pills

7. 8. Are you satisfied with the family planning method that you used? ( ) Yes ( ) No
7.9. If no, what is the reason/ reasons? ( ) no approval from the spouse ( ) religion
( ) side effects of the FB method ( ) sickness
7.10. Did your husband participate/ cooperate in the family planning? ( ) Yes ( ) No, reason
7.11. Do you plan to stop using the family planning method? ( ) Yes ( ) No, state the reason

VIII. Maternal & Child Health

8.1. Prenatal (pregnant)

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 8.1.1. Menstrual History:
Age Interval Duration Abnormalities
Menarche
Date of Last Menstruation Period
(LMP)
8.1.2. Obstetrical History:
Gravida Para Term Preterm Abortion Living Multiple
Spontaneous Induced

8.1.3. BirthHistory:
No. Month/ Infant Weight Age of Hours in Type of Place of Anesthesia
Year Sex at Birth Gestation in Labor Delivery Delivery Received
Weeks

8.1.4. Past Health History / Present Illness

Date of consultaion Diagnosis Medications
1st 3 months of pregnancy
4- 6 months of pregnancy
7- 9 months of pregnancy

8.1. 5. Immunization Received

Tetanus toxoid vaccine Date given
TT1
TT2
TT3
TT4
TT5
If not able to receive Tetanus toxoid, please indicate reason:______________________________

8.1.6. Micronutrient Supplementation

Iron and Folate 60mg/400mcg once a day for 6 months ( ) Yes ( ) No, reason:
Vit. A 10,000 IU twice a week from 4th month of pregnancy ( ) Yes ( ) No, eason
Iodine 200mg once during pregnancy ( ) Yes ( ) No, reason:
8.1.8. Prenatal Check- up /Consultation at least 4 visits throughout the course of pregnancy:
( ) once in first trimester ( ) once in 2nd trimester ( ) twice in third trimester
( ) 5 visits or more ( ) others, specify ( ) None, State the reason:
8.1.9. Dental Check- up: ( ) Yes ( ) No, State the reason:
8.1.10. Plan for Breastfeeding: ( ) Yes ( ) No, State the reason:
8.1.11. Diagnostic Test Done
Diagnostic Tests Date Findings/ result
CBC
Blood typing
Hbs Ag
Urinalysis
Blood sugar screening
Screening for STD
Cervical cancer screening

8.1.12. Nutrition
What are the kinds of foods you eat regularly within a week?
Go foods: ( ) Rice ( ) Mais ( ) Others, specify________________

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 Grow foods: ( ) Fish ( ) Meat ( ) Dilis ( ) Others, specify
Glow foods: ( ) Squash ( ) Malunggay ( ) Alugbate ( ) Camote tops
( ) Kangkong ( ) Papaya ( ) Others, specify
_____________________________

8.2. Postpartum ( 1 day- 1 month postpartum)

8.2.1.Obstetrical History
Gravida____ Para_____ Term_____ Preterm____ Abortion____ Living_____
Multiple_______
Date of Delivery: _______________________ Place of delivery__________________________
Type of Delivery: _______________________ Duration of labor_________________________
8.2.2. Postpartum consultation:
When was your postpartum visit? ( ) within 72 hours/ 3 days postpartum ( ) 7th day postpartum
( ) others, specify _____________________________
Where did you go for consultation? ( ) RHU ( ) hospital ( ) others, specify
Whom did you consult? ( ) midwife ( ) nurse ( ) doctor
8.2.3. Micronutrient supplementation: ( ) Iron & Folate (60mg/400mcg) once a day for 3 months
( ) Vitamin A 200,000 IU within 4 weeks after deliver
( ) None, state reason
8.2.4. Newborn Feeding: ( ) Breastfeeding ( ) Bottle feedin ( ) Mixed
8.2.5. Feeding Positions: ( )Usual Positions during breastfeeding) ( ) cradle hold ( ) cross cradle
hold
( ) side lying ( ) football hold ( ) saddle hold
8.2.6. Breastfeeding Attachment: ( ) proper ( ) improper

8.3. Pediatric Assessment ( Newborn to school age)

Birth Date of Type of Hours in Birth Birth Place Actual
rank birth delivery labor wt. Attendant delivered Ht. Wt. AC

8.3.4. Newborn Screening ( children 0- 2 months old): ( ) Yes ( ) No

8.3.5. Child’s Feeding Practices:
( ) Exclusive Breastfeeding ( first 6 months ) ( ) Extended Breastfeeding up to 2 years
( ) Predominant Breastfeeding ( ) Bottle Feeding
( ) Complimentary Feeding ( ) Solid foods ( ) Others, specify;
_________________
8.3. 6. Micronutrients Supplementation:
Vitamin A : ( ) Yes ( ) None, state reason
Iron for low birth weight infant (2- 59 months old ): ( ) Yes ( ) None, reason
8.3.7. Deworming every 6 months ( Children 1- 12 years old) ( ) Yes ( ) None

8.3.8. Imunization ( Children Age 0-15 months old) Pls. include all children ( use extra paper if needed)
BCG IPV PCV 1 Measle vaccine (AMV1)
Hepa B at birth Pentavalent 1 PCV 2 MMR
OPV1 Pentavalent 2 PCV 3
OPV2 Pentavalent 3
OPV3

8.3.9. History of Illness/ Present illness

Anemia Malaria Primary Complex (TB)
Diarrhea Malnutrition Polio
Dengue Measles Rubella ( German measles)
Diphtheria Meningitis Sepsis

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 Ear Infection Mumps Severe Dehydration
Hepatitis Pertussis (Whooping Cough) Tetanus/ Tetanus Neonatorum
Influenza Pneumonia Others, specify

8.3.10. Usual health provider: ( ) Doctor ( ) Nurse ( ) Midwife ( ) Others, specify

IX. Adolescent Reproductive Health

9.1. Family members who married at the age of 18 and below: ( ) Yes ( ) None
9.2. Family members who got pregnant at the age of 18 and below: ( ) Yes ( ) None
9.3. Family member who has experienced miscarriage: ( ) None ( ) Yes, reason
If yes, at what age? _______________________
9.4. Discussion in the family on matters regarding sexuality: ( ) Yes ( ) No

Thank You and God Bless!

Prepared by: Approved by:

Armenia Grace M. Maghanoy, MAN, RN Roselyn S. Pacardo, RN, RM, MM, MAN
Community Extension Coordinator, SON Dean, School of Nursing

Noted by:

Ruby Socorro A. Recopelacion, MAS

Community Extension Director

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APPENDIX
C

176
 ADVENTIST MEDICAL CENTER COLLEGE
SCHOOL OF NURSING

Theme: “Purok Syete abante, ayaw pakampante, Kalimpyohan ayaw kalimte.”

FEBRUARY 08, 2023

9:00 AM – 11:50 AM

PUROK 7, BARANGAY TIPANOY, ILIGAN CITY

FLOW OF THE PROGRAM

9:00-9:15 AM: Registration

9:15-9:25 AM: Devotional………………………... Aira Shanelle Mejia
9:25-9:30 AM: Opening Prayer………………….. Jan Clarenze Anlites (Christian)
Sodaiz Pangandongan (Muslim)
9:30-9:40 AM: Opening Remarks………………... Hon. Rey Reuyan
Purok President
9:40-9:55 AM: Lecture:
Environmental Sanitation……....................Ara Mondelo & Melanie Talaroc
Poisoning……………………....................... Janisah Junaid & Jenan Mamosaca
Acute Gastritis……………………..............Dimple Anticamara & Abdul Hamid Noor
9:55-10:00 AM: Intermission…………………….....All Group 2
10:00-10:15 AM: Lecture:
Dengue………………………….................... Liezel Desierto, Aira Shanelle Mejia
& Charmaine Galindo
Leptospirosis………………….................... Sittie Nur Jasmerah Salong, Jawia
Mustapha & Harley Vernon Bihag
Amoebiasis……………………................... Elinor Faith Retita & Ivory Lumasag
10:15-10:30 AM: Games…………………………..... Patricia Abarquez, Yaharah Ashary,
Jewela Dacalos & Hanifa Dimaampao
10:30-10:40 AM: ------------------------------------SNACK-----------------------------------------
10:40- 10:55 AM: Lecture: Hypertension…............. Rhea Mae Montes, Lynitte Salvan,
Lenvir Araune, John Zergei Longos
& Suzzaine Fritz Sam
10:55-11:00 AM: Q and A………………………......... All Group 3

177
11:00-11:30 AM: Livelihood Demonstration…........... Sodaiz Pangandongan
(Group 1)
Danica Mangubat
(Group 2)
Jan Clarenze Anlites &
Reynette Valenzuela
(Group 3)
11:30-11:40 AM: Closing Remarks…………................. Elinor Faith Retita
11:40-11:50 AM: Closing Prayer……………................. Harley Vernon Bihag (Christian)
Abdul Hamid Noor (Muslim)

Doneva Lyn Medina & Elinor Faith Retita

Masters of Ceremony

178
APPENDIX
D

179
180
181
APPENDIX
E

182
ORGANIZATIONAL CHART

183
APPENDIX
F

184
 CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL DATA

Name: Hanimah S. Abdulmalik

Age: 23 years old

Birthdate: March 01, 2000

Birthplace: Bacolod-Kalawi, Lanao del sur

Religion: Islam

Father's Name: Samanoddin A. Abdulmalik

Mother's Name: Jamilah M. Abdulmalik

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Primary: Ibn Siena Integrated School Foundation

Secondary: Ibn Siena Integrated School

Tertiary: Adventist Medical Center College

185
 CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL DATA

Name: Lenvir Araune

Age: 22

Birthdate: March 12, 2000

Birthplace: Prk-3 Pob. Linamon, Lanao Del Norte

Religion: Roman Catholic

Father's Name: Lino Ramilo

Mother's Name: Severiana Araune

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Primary: Tangnan, Elementary School

Secondary: Our Lady Perpetual Help Academy

Tertiary: Adventist Medical Center College

186
 CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL DATA

Name: Shaneil Dela Cruz

Age: 21

Birthdate: June 23, 2001

Birthplace: Mindanao Sanitarium Hospital Iligan

Religion: Roman Catholic

Father's Name: Ian Dela Cruz

Mother's Name: Arleen Dela Cruz

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Primary: Libertad Elementary School

Secondary: Mindanao Science Academy

Tertiary: Adventist Medical Center College

187
 CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL DATA

Name: Hanifa D. Dimaporo

Age: 22

Birthdate: September 13, 2000

Birthplace: Tubod, Iligan City

Religion: Islam

Father's Name: Ansary O. Dimaporo

Mother's Name: H. Aishah D. Dimaporo

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Primary: Dona Josefa F. Celdran Memorial School

Secondary: St. Michael's College

Tertiary: Adventist Medical Center College

188
 CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL DATA

Name: John Zergei S. longos

Age: 23

Birthdate: March 20,1999

Birthplace: Sta. Elena, Iligan City

Religion: Roman Catholic

Father's Name: Pedrito R. Longos

Mother's Name: Loida S. Longos

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Primary: Iligan City Central School

Secondary: St. Michael's College

Tertiary: Adventist Medical Center College

189
 CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL DATA

Name: Danica Mangubat

Age:24

Birthdate: July 10,1998

Birthplace: Dalipuga Iligan City

Religion: Roman Catholic

Father's Name: Pacheco T. Mangubat

Mother's Name: Francisca I. Mangubat

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Primary: Northeast II-A Central School

Secondary: Dalipuga National High School

Tertiary: Adventist Medical Center College

190
 CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL DATA

Name: Doneva Lyn B. Medina

Age:22

Birthdate: March 9, 2000

Birthplace: Poblacion, Baroy, Lanao del Norte

Religion: Roman Catholic

Father's Name: John F. Medina

Mother's Name: Evelyn B. Medina

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Primary: Baroy Central Elementary School

Secondary: Lanao del Norte National Comprehensive High School

Tertiary: Adventist Medical Center College

191
 CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL DATA

Name: Rhea Mae S. Montes

Age: 22

Birthdate: May 31,2000

Birthplace: Saray Iligan City

Religion: Roman Catholic

Father's Name: Roy S. Montes

Mother's Name: Sheila D. Serrano

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Primary: Iligan City North 1 Central School

Secondary: St. Michael's College

Tertiary: Adventist Medical Center College

192
 CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL DATA

Name: Paloma L. Obinay

Age: 22

Birthdate: June 08,2000

Birthplace: St’ Mary iligan city

Religion: Islam

Father's Name: Samad Lomondot

Mother's Name: Hadja Mariam Lomondot

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Primary: Tambo Elementary School

Secondary: Munai National High School

Tertiary: Adventist Medical Center College

193
 CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL DATA

Name: Suzzaine Fritz Ponce Sam

Age: 22

Birthdate: February 14, 2001

Birthplace: Davao City

Religion: Islam

Father's Name: Walter M. Sam Sr.

Mother's Name: Regina P. Sam

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Primary: Maco Central Elementary School

Secondary: St. Peters College

Tertiary: Adventist Medical Center College

194
 CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL DATA

Name: Lynitte G. Salvan

Age: 23

Birthdate: January 8, 2000

Birthplace: Iligan City

Religion: Roman Catholic

Father's Name: Carmelito M. Salvan

Mother's Name: Lorna G. Salvan

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Primary: Corpus Christi Parochial School of Iligan

Secondary: La Salle Academy Iligan City

Tertiary: Adventist Medical Center College

195