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Lesson 5b Cause and Effect
Lesson 5b Cause and Effect
Cause and
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effect
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62222 Academic work frequently involves demonstrating a link
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between a cause, such as a cold winter, and an effect, such as an
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9 increase in illness. This unit explains two methods of describing
20 the link, with the focus either on the cause or on the effect.
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4 1 The language of cause and effect
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6 A writer may choose to put the emphasis on either the cause or the effect.
7 In both cases, either a verb or a conjunction can be used to show the link.
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(a) Focus on causes
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1 With verbs
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3 The heavy rain caused the flood
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6 resulted in
7 produced
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With conjunctions
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40 Because of the heavy rain there was a flood
1 Due to
2 Owing to
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With verbs
With conjunctions
Conjunctions are commonly used with specific situations, while verbs tend
to be used in general cases:
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3 I Match the causes with their likely effects and write sentences linking
4 them together.
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6 Causes Effects
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8 Cold winter of 1995 more tourists arriving
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10 Higher rates of literacy a new government being formed
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Constructing an airport reduced infant mortality
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5 Installing speed cameras on main roads increased demand for electricity
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Opening a new hospital in 2006 a fall in the number of fatal accidents
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9 (a) ___________________________________________________________
Owing to the cold winter of 1995 there was increased
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1 demand for electricity.
___________________________________________________________
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3 (b) ___________________________________________________________
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6 (c) ___________________________________________________________
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9 (d) ___________________________________________________________
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2 (e) ___________________________________________________________
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5 (f) ___________________________________________________________
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9 3 Practice B
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I Complete the following sentences with likely effects.
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2 (a) Increasing use of the internet for shopping __________________
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___________________________________________________________
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4 Practice C
I Use conjunctions or verbs to complete the following paragraph.
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3 I (a) Study the flow chart below, which shows some of the possible
4 effects of a higher oil price. Complete the paragraph describing this
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9 Price of oil rises by 25%
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4 Cost of Oil Increased Reduced
5 transport and consumption investment in demand for
freight rises falls oil exploration large cars
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Airline Demand for Increased Increased
1 profits alternative demand for demand for
2 fall fuels rises oil rigs small cars
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An increase of 25 per cent in the price of oil would have numerous results.
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First, it would lead to
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114 Part 2 Elements of writing
I (b) Choose a similar situation in your own subject. Draw a flow chart
showing some probable effects, and write a paragraph to describe
them.