UEE2276

BASIC ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS

ENGINEERING
Unit-1.1 DC CIRCUITS

Dr. P.SaravanaN
Associate Professor/EEE
 Objectives
 Tol earn the basic concepts of electric circuits.
 To know the operation of various electrical
machines.
 To study the concepts of utilization of electrical
power.
 To comprehend the working principle of electronic
devices and its applications.
 To grasp the working principle of various sensors
and transducers.
 Unit-1
ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT

Unit-1:
Dc Circuits: Ohm’s Law- Kirchhoff’s Laws- mesh current and nodal voltage
method(Analysis with only independent source). Network theorems –superposition
theorem, Thevinin's theorem and Norton theorem.
AC circuit: Wave forms and RMS values, phasor diagram, Power, Power factor. Three
phase supply- Star connection, Delta connection- Balanced Loads – Power in three-
phase systems.
 Objectives

DC circuit:
 Ohm’s Law
 Kirchhoff’s Laws
 Circuit Analysis
 Mesh current method
 Nodal voltage method
 Network theorems:
 Superposition theorem,
 Thevenin's theorem and Norton theorem.
 Objectives
Electrical circuit
Basic circuit with water-based analogy
Classification of Circuit Elements
Active and Passive Elements
Bilateral and Unilateral Elements
Linear and Nonlinear Elements
Lumped and Distributed Elements
 Objectives

Active Elements
Practical source
Source conversion
Passive Elements
Passive Elements ‐ Resisters
Inductors
Capacitors
 Electrical circuit
An “Electric Circuit “ is a combination of energy source, Load
or sink and circuit elements with connecting wires
interconnected in a way as to achieve a current /voltage of a
certain value

Input
Source CIRCUIT ELEMENTS Load/Sink

•The purpose of an electric circuit component is to allow the

designer to control the flow of current to achieve a specified
result/output.
Eg: Resistors, Capacitors, Inductors, Diodes, Transistors
 Basic circuit with water based analogy

A simple circuit Water circuit

Classification of Circuit Elements

• Active Element
1 • Passive Element

• Unilateral
2 • Bilateral

• Linear
3 • Nonlinear

• Lumped
4 • Distributed
Active and Passive Elements
Circuit
Element

Active Passive
Elements Elements

Voltage Current
RLC
source source
Bilateral and Unilateral Elements

Circuit Element

Bilateral Unilateral
Elements Elements

Vacuum diode,
High V& I relation is
conductivity same in both Silicon diode
material directions Metal rectifiers
Linear and Nonlinear Elements

Circuit Element

Linear Elements
(Superposition Nonlinear
Elements
Homogeneity)

Vα I diodes
V= IR &
R – linear element Transistors
Lumped and Distributed Elements

Circuit Element

Lumped Elements
(Smaller size & Distributed
simultaneous Elements
actions)

RLC Transmission line

Transformer RLC
 Active Elements

Ideal dependent
Ideal Independent source
source
Practical source
Source conversion
Passive Elements
 Passive Elements - Resisters
A. Resistors:

Resistors are passive elements that

oppose/restrict the flow of current.
A voltage is developed across its terminal,
proportional to the current through the resistor.
V = IR

Units: Ohms (Ω)

15
 Inductors
• Inductors - electrical coil
• The property of the coil of inducing emf due to
the changing flux linked with it is known as
inductance of the coil.
– they store energy in a magnetic field
– measured in Henry (H)

Types of Inductors

Toroidal Core Inductor

Laminated Core Inductor

 Capacitors
•Capacitors are made of two parallel conductors
separated by a dielectric.
• behave like a tiny rechargeable battery.
(store energy and release it later. )
• The ability of a capacitor to store charge is called
“Capacitance”

• C = Q/V (amount of charge stored/applied voltage)

•are used for filtering, tuning, separating signals , etc.

• The unit of capacitance is the Farad.

Commonly used capacitances are much smaller than 1
Farad, micro-Farads (10-6 Farad, μF),
nano-Farads (10-9 Farad, nF),
pico-Farads (10-12 Farad, pF).
 Summary
Electrical circuit
Practically discussed with water-based analogy
Classification of Circuit Elements
The regular household circuits are taken for discussion
Active and Passive Elements
In day to day life, the power sources are discussed
Bilateral and Unilateral Elements
Linear and Nonlinear Elements
Lumped and Distributed Elements
 Summary
Active Elements
The necessity of the power density is explored
Practical source
Source conversion
The modification of the voltage source
Passive Elements ‐ Resisters
How the inductor and capacitor can be used as power
source
Inductors
Capacitors