THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD
LESSON 5: GLOBAL MIGRATION
Factors Influencing Migration and
Population Movements
 Socio-political Factors
Social push factors can include
ethnic, religious, racial, and cultural
persecution. Warfare, or the threat of
conflict, is also a major push factor.
 Economic Factors
Economic factors relate to the labour
standards of a country, its
unemployment situation and the
overall health of its economy.
 Ecological Factors: Climate
Disruption Exacerbates Other
Forces
Of the ecological factors that push
individuals to migrate, climate
change is, arguably, the most
serious.
Cause and effects of migration
Migration is the movement of people
from one permanent home to another.
This movement changes the population of
a place. International migration is the
movement from one country to another.
People who leave their country are said
to emigrate. People who move into
another country are called immigrants.
The movement of people into a country is
known as immigration.
Advantages and disadvantages of
migration
Country losing people
Advantages
 Money sent home by migrants
 Decreases pressure on jobs and
resources
 Migrants may return with new
skills
Disadvantages
 People of working age move
out reducing the size of the
country's potential workforce
 Gender imbalances are caused
as it is typically men who seek
to find employment elsewhere.
Women and children are left
 Brain drain' if many skilled
workers leave
Host country
Advantages
 A richer and more diverse
culture
 A richer and more diverse
culture
 Migrants are more prepared to
take on low paid, low skilled
jobs
Disadvantages
 Increasing cost of services such
as health care and education
 Overcrowding
 Disagreements between
different religions and cultures
LESSON 6: INTERNATIONAL
FINANCIAL INSTITUTION
 International financial
institutions play a central role
in helping to fund activities in
developing countries that
support sustainable, climate
resilient, and low-carbon
development. By analyzing
their investment portfolios and
identifying opportunities for
change, we help enable these
institutions to shift their
investments toward sustainable
and climate compatible
development.
 to provide a wide variety of
deposit, lending, and
investment products to INVESTMENT BANKS
individuals, businesses, or both.  Investment banking is a special
While some financial segment of banking operation
institutions focus on providing that helps individuals or
services and accounts for the organizations raise capital and
general public, others are more provide financial consultancy
likely to serve only certain services to them.
consumers with more
specialized offerings. They act as intermediaries
between security issuers and
 provide hundreds of billions of investors and help new firms to
dollars in funding for a wide go public. They either buy all
variety of development and the available shares at a price
humanitarian aid projects in estimated by their experts and
countries around the world. resell them to public or sell
They play a major role in the shares on behalf of the issuer
social and economic and take commission on each
development of countries with share.
emerging economies.

COMMERCIAL BANKS
 Traditionally, retail
banks offered products to
individual consumers,
while commercial banks
worked directly with
businesses. Today, most
large banks offer deposit BROKERAGE FIRM
accounts, loans, and  A brokerage provides
limited financial advice to intermediary services in various
both consumers and areas, e.g., investing, obtaining
businesses. a loan, or purchasing real
estate. A broker is an
 Products offered at retail
intermediary who connects a
and commercial banks
seller and a buyer to facilitate a
include checking and
transaction. Individuals or legal
savings accounts,
entities can act as brokers. The
certificates of deposit
broker performs its actions
(CDs), personal and
according to the client’s
mortgage loans, credit
instructions. The broker is then
cards, and business
compensated, receiving either
banking accounts.
a flat fee or a certain
percentage of the transaction
amount

INSURANCE CAMPANY
  Insurance corporations are
financial intermediaries which
offer direct insurance or
reinsurance services, providing
financial protection from
possible hazards in the future.
Asset management
 An asset management company
(AMC) is an investment firm
that pools money together from
clients and uses that money to
make a variety of investments
for both institutions and retail
investors. Often, you’ll hear
asset management companies
referred to as money managers
or money management firms.
Hedge funds, private equity
funds and emerging fintech
companies that automate
investing can all be considered
asset management companies.
 Criteria for working with an
asset management company
varies by the type of company.
Investments such as index
funds, exchange traded funds
(ETFs) and mutual funds that
are built and administered by
asset management companies
are generally available for all
investors to invest in. That
being said, many of the
investments offered require a
minimum initial investment, so
you will need to meet those
requirements in order to
purchase shares of the
fund. (Diversified investment
portfolio)
LESSON 7: GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP
 Global citizenship is the
umbrella term for social,
political, environmental, and
economic actions of globally
minded individuals and
communities on a worldwide
scale. The term can refer to the
belief that individuals are
members of multiple, diverse,
local and non-local networks
rather than single actors
affecting isolated societies.
 The concept of global
citizenship is embedded in the
Sustainable Development
Goals though SDG 4: Insuring
Inclusive and Quality
Education for All and
Promote Life Long Learning,
which includes global
citizenship as one of its
targets. By 2030, the
international community has
agreed to ensure that all
learners acquire the knowledge
and skills needed to promote
sustainable development,
including global citizenship.
CIVIC RIGHTS
 Section 1. No person shall be
deprived of life, liberty, or
property without due process of
law, nor shall any person be
denied the equal protection of
the laws. (THE 1987
CONSTITUTION OF THE
REPUBLIC OF THE
PHILIPPINES – ARTICLE III)
CIVIC RESPONSIBILITY
 active participation in the
public life of a community in
an informed, committed, and
constructive manner, with a
focus on the common good.
 Other definitions of civic
responsibility often exhibit
 some or all of the following
characteristics:
 Addressing society's problems
in an informed manner.
Showing respect as well as
dissent for laws.
 Showing respect as well as
dissent for laws.
 Recognizing the difference
between legally defined and
culturally defined citizenship.
 Engaging in an active process
that goes beyond passive
citizenship.
 Establishing a balance between
rights and responsibilities.
 Understanding the concept of
the common good and who
defines it.
 Being able to negotiate
differences.
 Involving the community in
decision-making processes.
 Embracing the concept of
participatory democracy.
 Questioning governmental
policies and practices.
 Determining ways to alter
public policy.
 Exhibiting stewardship, i.e.,
being responsible for one's
community.
 Recognizing the value and
human dignity of each person.
 Reaching varying degrees of
political awareness and
advocacy, ranging from basic
knowledge (e.g., knowing the
local mayor's name) to
developing a voice and making
oneself heard. (Adapted from A
Practical Guide for Integrating
Civic Responsibility into the
Curriculum, Karla Gottlieb and
Gail Robinson, editors, 2002)
What is Sustainable Development
Goals?
The Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs), also known as the Global Goals,
were adopted by the United Nations in
2015 as a universal call to action to end
poverty, protect the planet, and ensure
that by 2030 all people enjoy peace and
prosperity.
1. End poverty in all its forms
everywhere
2. End hunger, achieve food security and
improved nutrition and promote
sustainable agriculture
3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-
being for all at all ages
4. Ensure iclusive and equitable quality
education and promote lifelong learning
opportunities for all
5. Achieve gender quality and empower
all women and girls
6. ensure availability and sustainable
management of water and sanitation for
all
7. ensure access to affordable, reliable,
sustainable and modern energy for all
8. promote sustained, inclusive and
sustainable economic growth, full and
productive employment and decent work
for all
9. Build infrastructure, promote inclusive
and sustainable industrialization and
foster innovation
10. Reduce inequality within and among
countries
11. Make cities and human settlements
inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
12. Ensure sustainable consumption and
production patterns
13. Take urgent action to combat climate
change and its impacts
14. Conserve and sustainably use the
ocean, seas, and marine resources for
sustainable development
15. protect. Restore and promote
sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystem.
Sustainably manage forests, combat
desertification, and halt and reverse land
degradation and halt biodiversity loss.
16. Promote and peaceful and inclusive
societies for sustainable development,
provide access to justice for all and build
effective, accountable and inclusive
institutions at all level
17. Strengthen the means of
implementation and revitalize the global
partnership for sustainable development
Global Citizenship and Peace
Education
 Global citizenship education
(GCED) looks into these
elements to support learners of
all ages to become decent and
respectful human beings who
can adapt to the world rapidly
moving forward, even amidst
its most complex challenges
and threats. UNESCO is
advancing GCED across
subjects and in all spheres of
life to provide them with
knowledge, skills and attitudes
that cultivate tolerance, respect,
and a shared sense of belonging
to one global community, with
the ultimate goal of ensuring
human rights and peace.
 As our world grows
increasingly interdependent,
GCED is more vital than
ever for international solidarity
and inspiring learners of all
ages to positively contribute to
their local and global
communities
What’s the idea behind global
citizenship?
 The global citizenship concept
is based on the idea we are
connected not just with one
country but with a broader
global community. So, by
positively contributing to it, we
can also influence change on
regional, national and local
levels. A global citizen
understands how the world
works, values differences in
people, and works with others
to find solutions to challenges
too big for any one nation.
 Citizenship and global
citizenship do not exclude
each other. Instead, these two
concepts are mutually
reinforcing.
What is Global Citizenship
Education about?
 UNESCO promotes global
citizenship education to help
learners understand the world
around them and work together
to fix the big problems that
affect everyone, no matter
where they're from.
 Provides a big-picture
vision for an education that
learners of all ages need to
survive and thrive in the
21st century.
 Supports the development of
curricula and learning materials
on global citizenship themes
tailored for diverse cultural
contexts.
 Studies the positive impact of
learning across subjects
 and builds linkages between
sectors and spheres.

 Collaborates with
partners across UNESCO
programmes and the broader
UN system to address
contemporary threats to human
rights and peace and infuse the
principles of understanding,
non-discrimination and respect
for human dignity in
education.

 Monitors how the core values

of global citizenship education
are reflected in and supported
by education policy and the
curriculum to deliver it
effectively.

 Promotes international
collaboration in education
through UNITWIN/UNESCO
Chairs, and UNESCO
Associated Schools Network,
connecting over 12,000
educational institutions
worldwide.