EXP-2 CO-EFFICIENT OF DISCHARGE OF VENTURIMETER

OBJECTIVE

 To determine the coefficient of discharge of venturimeter

APPARATUS

 Venturimeter test rig

 Differential manometer (mercury)
 Collecting Tank with piezometer
 Scale
 Stop watch

Description:

The basic principle on which Venturimeter works is that by reducing the cross-sectional
area of the flow passage, a difference of pressure is created and the measurement of the pressure
difference enables the determination of the discharge through the pipes. The fluid flowing the
pipe is led through a contracting section to a throat which has a smaller cross section area than
N
the pipe, so that the velocity is accomplished by a fall in 2 . The magnitude of which depends
m
up on the rate of flow so that by measuring the pressure drop, the discharge can be calculated.
Beyond the throat the fluid is in a pipe of slowly diverging section, the pressure increasing as
velocity falls.
Specifications:

Diameter at inlet Diameter at Throat

manometric fluid
(d1) (d2)
25mm 15mm Mercury

Theory:

1. Differential Pressure head ∆ h=( h 1−h2 ) [ S m−1 ] cm

h1 = height of mercury in right limb of manometer in cm
h2 = height of mercury in left limb of manometer in cm
Sm = Specific gravity of mercury = 13.6
V cm3
2. Actual Discharge Qa = ( )
t s
V = volume of water collected in water tank = A*R cm3
t = Time taken to collect R(cm) rise of water
a1 a2 √ 2 g ∆ h cm3
3. Theoretical discharge (Qt ) = ( )
√a 12 −a22 s
a1 = Area of cross section at inlet of venturimeter
a2 = Area of cross section at throat of venturimeter
cm
g = Acceleration due to gravity = 981 2
s
Qa
4. Coefficient of discharge of venturimeter (C d) = Q
t

NEED AND SCOPE OF THE EXEPERIMENT

In a water distribution system and in processing industries it is necessary to measure the

volume of liquid flowing through a pipe line. The Venturimeter is introduced in the pipeline to
achieve this. Hence knowledge of the value of the coefficient of discharge of the Venturimeter is
a must.

Procedure:

1. Record the diameter of inlet  (d1) and throat (d2) of the Venturimeter. Ensure for
manometric fluid levels in the manometer limbs are the same.
2. Switch ON motor, Open the gate valve, allow the water to flow through pipe full.
3. Note the manometric fluid levels h1 and h2
 4. Note down the rise(R) of water level (after collecting ¾ level of tank) and corresponding
time (t) taken to rise that level
5. Repeat the above procedure by gradually increasing the flow and note down the required
readings.

OBSERVATIONS AND RECORDING

Volume Coefficient
Rise of Time for
Area of of of
water collecting Actual Theoretical
collecti water discharge
Manometer readings level in R(cm) Discharge discharge
ng tank collecte of
collecting rise of
d venturimet
tank water,
S.
er
No
(Q t ) =
V
(R) (V) = Qa = a1 a2 √ 2 g ∆ h
h1 h2 ∆ h=( h 1−h2 ) [ S m−1 ] t A t Qa
(cm) (cm)
(cm)
(cm)
(sec) (cm )2
A*R
3
cm )
√a 1
2
−a22 (C d) =
Qt
(cm3) ( 3
s (
cm )
s
1 2 15 163.8 10 27 2500 25000 925.92 1074.15 0.862

2 6.1 10.8 59.22 10 45 2500 25000 552.12 646.84 0.854

3 3.8 13.2 118.44 10 35 2500 25000 714.28 840.33 0.85

MODEL CALCULATIONS:

π 2 π 2
Area of cross section at inlet (a1) = d = (2.5) = 4.9 cm2
4 1 4

π 2 π 2
Area of cross section at throat (a2) = d = (1.5) = 1.76 cm2
4 2 4

Rise of water level in collecting tank (R) = 10 cm

Volume of water collected in tank (V) = A*R = 2500 * 10 = 25000 cm3

3
V 25000 cm
Actual discharge (Qa) = = = 925.92
t 27 s
 a1 a2 √ 2 g ∆ h 4.9∗1.76 √2∗981∗163.8
Theoretical discharge (Qt ) = = = 1074.15
√a 1
2
−a2 2
√ 4.92−1.76 2
3
cm
s

Qa 925.92❑
Coefficient of discharge of venturimeter (C d) = = = 0.862
Q t 1074.15

RESULT:

Coefficient of discharge of venturimeter is 0.862

PRECAUTIONS

A. Procedural precautions
1. Ensure for bubble free manometric fluid
2. Check for same level of manometric fluid in the limbs
3. Take the rise of water level (R) of measuring tank after filling ¾th tank volume.
4. Avoid parallax error while taking manometric readings.

B. Safety precautions
1. Wear Apron and shoes
2. Beware of loose clothing and hair while operating apparatus.
3. Ensure for sufficient availability of water

Viva Questions

1. Name the various parts of venturimeter test rig.

2. State the applications of venturimeter.
3. Why convergent portion in venturimeter is shorter than divergent.
4. Why mercury is used as manometric fluid.
5. Why priming is done in case of centrifugal pump.
6. Why co-efficient of discharge is to be measured.