:‫اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺿﺮة اﻷوﻟﻰ‬

Fluid Mechanics (1) - MP(223)

(1) ‫ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎ اﻟﻤﻮاﺋﻊ‬
‫ ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎ‬-2 :‫اﻟﻔﺮﻗﺔ‬
2 nd Year - Mechanical Engineering
Department

2021/2020 ‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺪراﺳﻲ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻰ‬

Mohamed M. Abdelghany & Osman Omran, ME. Dept. Faculty of Eng. - Assiut University

1
1. Introduction
Basic Concepts of Fluid Mechanics, Brief
1.1
Presentation of
Fluid Mechanics Applications and Course specifications
Objectives :
Understand the basic concepts of fluid mechanics
‫اﻷﻟﻤﺎم ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎ اﻟﻤﻮاﺋﻊ‬
Recognize different fluid mechanics applications in various fields
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎ اﻟﻤﻮاﺋﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﻻت ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة‬
Recognize the course main specifications:
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﻘﺮر اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬
 Be familiar with the course aims and teaching activities (lectures,
exercises, and exams,..etc)
(..‫ ﺗﻤﺎرﻳﻦ وإﺧﺘﺒﺎرت‬,‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ اﻫﺪاف اﻟﻤﻘﺮر واﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺘﺪرﻳﺴﻪ )ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮات‬
 Be familiar with the grading system and year work constituents
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ وﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ أﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬
Mohamed M. Abdelghany & Osman Omran, ME. Dept. Faculty of Eng. - Assiut University
2
Understand the basic concepts of fluid mechanics
‫اﻷﻟﻤﺎم ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎ اﻟﻤﻮاﺋﻊ‬
Fluid Mechanics

Mechanics deals with the behavior under the influence of

forces
on stationary bodies (statics) and moving bodies (dynamics).
kinematics `
Study bodies motion without consideration
of the mass or forces that cause such motion

 Fluid mechanics deals with the behavior of fluids

at rest (fluid statics), in motion (fluid dynamics).
kinematics of fluids
Study fluid motion without consideration
of the mass or forces that cause such motion
Mohamed M. Abdelghany & Osman Omran, ME. Dept. Faculty of Eng. - Assiut University
3
What is a Fluid?
From physics:
Phases of substances

solids liquids gases

plasma
at very high
temperatures
Intermolecular decreases
cohesive forces very large smaller than zero or
for solids negligible
Intermolecular increases
spaces very small spaced farther vey large
(densely spaced) apart
Kinetic energy increases
of molecules very small larger than solids very large
(maintain its shape) (relatively free to move) (free to move)

Solids Fluids

Mohamed M. Abdelghany & Osman Omran, ME. Dept. Faculty of Eng. - Assiut University
4
 • The arrangement of molecules in different
phases:

(a) Solid
(b) Liquid (c) Gas
(a) in the solid phase: molecules are at relatively fixed positions,
(b) in the liquid phase: groups of molecules move about each other,
(c) in the gas phase: the molecules are far apart from each other
and
individual molecules move about at random.
A substance in the liquid or gas phase is referred to as FLUID

Mohamed M. Abdelghany & Osman Omran, ME. Dept. Faculty of Eng. - Assiut University
5
Engineering Definition of Fluids‫اﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺋﻊ‬
In engineering distinction between a solid and a fluid is made
on the basis of the substance’s ability to resist applied stresses

Solid Fluid

 supports compression,
resists an applied stress by
 can not support tension, and
changes in shape (deforming:  continuously deform (flows)
elastic then plastic or
when when acted on by a
breaking)
shearing stress

Stress is proportional Stress is proportional

to strain to rate of strain

Mohamed M. Abdelghany & Osman Omran, ME. Dept. Faculty of Eng. - Assiut University 6
  Recognize Different Fluid Mechanics Applications
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻲ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎ اﻟﻤﻮاﺋﻊ‬
Application Areas of Fluid Mechanics
Fluid mechanics is a very important, practical subject that
encompasses a wide variety of applications and situations:
 it is widely used in everyday activities,
 it is widely used in the design and operation of
engineering systems (in various engineering fields).
 it covers a vast array of phenomena that occur in nature.
 it plays a vital role in the human body (artificial hearts,
breathing machines, dialysis systems,…..etc.).

Mohamed M. Abdelghany & Osman Omran, ME. Dept. Faculty of Eng. - Assiut University 7
  Recognize the course main specifications
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺮف ﻋﻠﻲ ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﻘﺮر اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬
MP 223: Fluid Mechanics (1) : ‫ﻫﻘﻢ‬223 (1) ‫اﻟﻤﻮاﺋﻊ‬
‫ﻣﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﺎ‬
The Course Main
Aims:‫ررﻗﻤﻼ ﻓﺎدﻫﺎ‬
‫ةﻳﺴﻴﺌﺮﻻ‬
developing a physical awareness of fluid mechanics (statics and
dynamics) and its applications.
Presenting fundamental laws that govern all fluid behavior.
Developing practical methodologies for solving engineering
problems involve fluids at rest and flow problems.
Providing a reference in the field of fluid mechanics that can be
used throughout an engineering career.
Developing ability to identify appropriate assumptions, formulate
and solve engineering problems in fluid mechanics.
Mohamed M. Abdelghany & Osman Omran, ME. Dept. Faculty of Eng. - Assiut University
8
 Course Text-Book and References

 Bruce R. Munson, Theodore H. Okiishi, Wade W.

Text book Huebsch and Alric P. Rothmayer," Fluid Mechanics",
7 th Ed. 2013, John Wiley & Sons Inc.
1. Yunus A. Çengel and John M. Cimbala, “Fluid
Mechanics : Fundamentals and Applications “, 3rd
Recommended Edition, 2014, McGraw Hill. Company.
References 2. John K. Vennard and Robert L. Street, “Elementary
Fluid Mechanics”, SI Version, 5th Edition, 1976, John
Wiley & Sons, Inc. (1 st: 1940 – 12 th Ed: 1996)
Periodicals, web Proper web sites that are related to the field of Fluid
sites…etc. Mechanics and its Applications.

Mohamed M. Abdelghany & Osman Omran, ME. Dept. Faculty of Eng. - Assiut University
9
 The Course Contents ‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮي اﻟﻤﻘﺮر‬
Faculty Teaching
Subject (Chapter No. in Course Text Book) Member Assistants

‫ ﻋﺜﻤﺎن ﻋﻤﺮان‬.‫ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻣﺤﻤﻮد ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﻐﻨﻰ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ د‬.‫د‬.‫أ‬

1- Introduction (Chap. 1)

‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮﺗﻀﻰ‬.‫ اﺣﻤﺪ ﺳﻤﻴﺮ و م‬. ‫م‬

2- Fluid Statics (Chap. 2)
Part 1

3- Fluid Kinematics (Chap. 4)

4- Elementary Fluid Dynamics (Chap. 3)

5- Finite Control Volume Analysis (Chap. 5)

Part 2

6- Viscous Flow in Pipes (Chap. 8)

7- Dimensional Analysis, Similitude and

Modeling (Chap. 7)

Mohamed M. Abdelghany & Osman Omran, ME. Dept. Faculty of Eng. - Assiut University
10
Course Contents and Subjects (Part 1):
No. Subjects (Chapter No.)
1. Introduction (Chap. 1)
- Basic Concepts of Fluid Mechanics and Brief Presentation of its
Different Applications in Various Fields.
- Dimensions and SI System of Units.
- Properties of Fluids Related to Mass and Weight.
- Ideal Gas Law.
- Other Properties: Bulk Modulus, Viscosity, Vapor Pressure and
Surface Tension.
2. Fluid Statics (Chap. 2)
- Basic Equation for Pressure Filed and Pressure Variation in a Static
Fluid.
- Pressure Measurement: Manometry, Mechanical and Electronic
Pressure Measuring Devices.
- Hydrostatic Force on Surfaces (Plane and Curved)
- Buoyancy, Flotation and stability.
- Pressure Variation in a Fluid with Rigid Motion (linear and rotation).
Mohamed M. Abdelghany & Osman Omran, ME. Dept. Faculty of Eng. - Assiut University
11
Course Contents and Subjects (Part 1- Continue):
No. Subjects (Chapter No.)
3. Fluid Kinematics (Chap. 4)
- Types of Flows, Velocity and Acceleration Fields
- Control Volume
- Conservation of Mass: The Continuity Equation.
- Reynolds Transport Theorem.
4. Elementary Fluid Dynamics (Chap. 3)
- Newton’s Second Law.
- Euler’s Equations of Motion.
- The Bernoulli Equation.
- Static, Stagnation, Dynamic, and Total Pressure.
- Examples of Use of Bernoulli Equation (Free Jets, Confined Flows,
Flowrate Measurement).
- The Energy Line and the Hydraulic Gradient Line.

Mohamed M. Abdelghany & Osman Omran, ME. Dept. Faculty of Eng. - Assiut University

12
Course Contents and Subjects (Part 2)
No. Subjects (Chapter No.)
5. Finite Control Volume Analysis (Chap. 5)
- Conservation of Mass: Continuity Equation.
- Control Volume
- The Linear and Moment-of- Momentum Equations.
- Energy Equation
6. Viscous Flow in Pipes (Chap. 8)
- General Characteristics of Pipe Flow.
- Major and Minor Losses of Pipe Flow..
- Multi Pipe Systems.
7. Dimensional Analysis, Similitude and Modeling (Chap. 7)
- Dimensional Analysis
- Buckingham Pi Theorem – Determination of Pi Terms.
- Common Dimensionless Groups
- Modeling and Similitude
- Practical Aspects of using Models and Some Typical Models
Studies
Mohamed M. Abdelghany & Osman Omran, ME. Dept. Faculty of Eng. - Assiut University
13
 ‫‪Grading System and Marks Distribution‬‬
‫اﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ وﺗﻮزﻳﻊ اﻟﺪرﺟﺎت‬

‫اﺳﻠﻮب اﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ ‪Assessment Method‬‬ ‫‪Marks‬‬

‫‪ * 30‬اﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎت اﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻔﺼﻞ ‪Mid-Term Exams‬‬
‫‪ ** 10‬ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ درﺟﺎت اﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎت ﺻﻐﻴﺮة‪Year Work Quizzes‬‬
‫ﺣﻀﻮر )ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮات وﺗﻤﺎرﻳﻦ( ‪ Attendance‬اﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬ ‫‪50‬‬
‫***‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫اﻹﺧﺘﺒﺎراﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ‪Final Exam‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮع‪Total‬‬ ‫‪150‬‬
‫* ﻣﺠﻤﻮع درﺟﺘﻲ اﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﻴﻦ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻛﻞ اﻣﺘﺤﺎن ‪ 15‬درﺟﺔ ﻣﻮاﻋﻴﺪﻫﺎ اﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫اﻷول ﻓﻲ اﻷﺳﺒﻮع رﻗﻢ ‪ 6‬ﻣﻦ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺮم‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻷﺳﺒﻮع رﻗﻢ ‪ 13‬ﻣﻦ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺮم‬
‫اﻣﺘﺤﺎن ﺛﺎﻟﺚ )اﺧﺘﻴﺎري ﻳﺸﻤﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ دراﺳﺘﻪ( ودرﺟﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ‪ 15‬اﻳﻀﺎ ﻳﻌﻘﺪ ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻹﺳﺒﻮع ‪ 15‬ﻣﻦ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﺮم ﻟﻤﻦ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ أداء اﺣﺪ اﻹﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﻴﻦ ﻷي ﻇﺮف ﺧﺎص وﻵ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﻘﺪ اي اﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎت اﺧﺮي ﺑﺪﻳﻠﺔ ﻵي ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻷﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎت‪.‬‬
‫‪Mohamed M. Abdelghany & Osman Omran, ME. Dept. Faculty of Eng. - Assiut University‬‬
‫‪14‬‬
 ‫** ﻳﻌﻘﺪ ‪ Quiz‬ﻓﻲ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ ﺣﺼﺔ اﻟﺘﻤﺎرﻳﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻹﺳﺒﻮع اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﻹﻧﺘﻬﺎء ﺷﺮح وﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻤﺎرﻳﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت اﻟﻤﻘﺮر وﻳﺤﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ درﺟﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ‪ 5‬ﻟﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺟﺰء )‪ Part 1 (and Part 2‬ﻣﻦ اﺟﺰاء اﻟﻤﻘﺮر‪.‬‬
‫*** ﺗﺤﺪد درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﻀﻮر ﺣﺴﺐ ﻋﺪد ﻣﺮات ﺣﻀﻮر اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺿﺮات )ﻋﻦ ﻗﺮب( واﻟﺘﻤﺎرﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻮاﻗﻊ ‪ 5‬درﺟﺎت ﻹﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻋﺪد ﻣﺤﺎﺿﺮات وﺗﻤﺎرﻳﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺟﺰء ) )‪Part 1 and Part‬‬
‫‪ 2‬ﻣﻦ اﺟﺰاء اﻟﻤﻘﺮر ﻣﻊ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ اﻧﻪ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺣﺮﻣﺎن ﻣﻦ ﺗﺼﻞ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻏﻴﺎﺑﻪ ﻟــ ‪% 25‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ إﺟﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻋﺪد اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺿﺮات )ﻋﻦ ﻗﺮب( واﻟﺘﻤﺎرﻳﻦ ﻃﺒﻘﺎ ﻟﻸﺋﺤﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪Mohamed M. Abdelghany & Osman Omran, ME. Dept. Faculty of Eng. - Assiut University‬‬
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