ANSWERS

SECTION A
1. (a) Ea = 2Ee
Explanation: Ea is the electric field strength of dipole at a point on its
axial line.
Ee is the electric field of same on equatorial line Ea and Ee are at same
distance(s).
Ee
S
Ea dipole
S
–q
+q

KP 2KP
We know that, Ee = and Ea = 3
r3 r
Ee 1
After dividing, =
Ea 2
⇒ Ea = 2Ee
2. (d) a torque as well as a translational force
Explanation: Due to angular separation dipole will experience torque and
in non-uniform electric field, forces on both charges will not concel out each
other. Hence, torque and translational force will act on the dipole.
3. (d) red
Explanation: The light of red colour is of highest wavelength and therefore
of highest speed. Therefore, after travelling through the slab, the red colour
emerges first.
Related Theory
 As velocity of wave is given by the relation v = f λ. When light ray goes from one medium
to other medium, the frequency of light remains unchanged. Hence, v ∝ λ or greater the
wavelength then the speed will be greater.

4. (a) will not be applicable to hydrogen in the molecular form.

(b) will not be applicable as it is for a He-atom.
Explanation: Bohr proposed a model for hydrogen atom which is also
applicable for some lighter atoms in which a single electron revolves around
a stationary nucleus of positive charge Ze, where Z is atomic number and e is
the charge on the electron. It is not applicable to hydrogen in the molecular
form and also, it will not be applicable as it is for a He-atom.

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 Caution
 Students are often confused about the limitations of Bohr’s theory. It also has some
limitations. This theory is applicable only to hydrogen like single electron atoms and fails
in the case of atoms with two or more electrons.

5. (a) (a) 6 : 10
Explanation: R = R0 A1/3
 R a (A)1/3
RAl a (27) 1/3 and RTe 1/3
a (125)
E E
B

Related Theory
 The radius R of the nucleus is proportional to the cube root of its mass number.
R = R0A1/3
 Here R0 is a constant, which is of the order of the range of nuclear force.

6. (b) Ampere’s circuital law

Explanation: Maxwell pointed out the inconsistency of the Ampere's
circuital law, when this law was applied to an electric circuit having a
capacitor, the law appeared wrong or incomplete. Because no current was
assumed in the space between the plates of capacitor. Maxwell said that
there is also a current flow, in the space between the plates of a capacitor
due to time varying electric field between the plates.
7. (c) 2H

R=r l R'= r 2l
A p(2r)2

R=r l2 R'= r 2l 2

pr p4r

V2 t 2
H= & H′ = V t
R R'
Q V = constant

H' = V 2 R t
H R' V 2 t
1 2π r 2
= R =r 2
R' π r ρl

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H' = 2
H 1
H' = 2H
8. (b) 5.4 MeV
Explanation: The kinetic energy of the α-particle,
Ka =  (A -4)  × Q
 
 A 
 (220-4) 
Ka =  × 5.5
 220 

Ka = 5.4 MeV
→ → →
9. (b) q E + q( v × B )
→
Explanation: A charge q in an electric field E experiences the electric
force,
→ →
Fe = q E
The magnetic force experienced by the charge q moving with velocity v in
the magnetic field B is given by,
→ → →
Fm = q ( v × B )
The total force experienced by the charge q due to both electric and magnetic
field is given by,
→ → → →
F = Fe + Fm = q E + ( v × B )

Related Theory
 The total force experienced by a charged particle moving in a region where both electric
and magnetic fields are present is called Lorentz force.

10. (d) Both electric and magnetic field vectors are parallel to each other
Explanation: We know that Electromagnetic waves do not require any matter
to propagate from one place to another as it consists of photons. Therefore,
option (a) is correct.
In an electromagnetic wave, the electric field and magnetic field very
continuously with maxima and minima at the same place and same time.
Therefore, option (b) is correct.
The energy in an electromagnetic wave is divided equally between electric
and magnetic field. Therefore, option (b) is correct.
An electromagnetic wave is a perpendicular variation in both the electric field
(E) and Magnetic field (B). Therefore, option (d) is incorrect.

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11. (d) from South pole to North pole
Explanation: The magnetic dipole moment is a vector quantity with
direction perpendicular to the current loop in the right-hand-rule direction.
From south pole to North pole of a bar magnet. The direction of magnetic
dipole moment is from south pole to north pole of a bar magnet.
12. (d) 4.77 × 10–10 m
Explanation:
Given that r = 5.3 × 10–11 m
Let r3 be the radius at n = 3.
So, r3 = n2r1 = 4.77 × 10–10 m
13. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Every electron has different internal energy. Electrons in
different orbit have different energies. Photons transfer different amount of
energy to different electrons.
14. (b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Gallium arsenide phosphite has a minimum band gap of 1.8
eV required for emission of visible light.
15. (c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: According to Faraday's laws, the conversion of mechanical
energy into electrical energy is in accordance with the law of conservation
of energy. lt is also clearly known that in pure resistance, the emf is in
phase with the current.
16. (b) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: The effects of secondary wavelets cancel out at all points
except those lying on the forward envelope.

SECTION B

17. According to question, we can draw the following figure.

r r2 + x2
R
O
x P

R

Consider a point P on the axis of the disc and at distance, x from the center
of disc (O) as shown in figure. Let the disc is divided into number of charged
ring.

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 The electric potential of each ring, of radius r and width dr, have charge dq
is;
dq = sdA = s.2p r dr
potential is given by,
( σ 2π r dr )
dV = 1 · dq = 1 ·
4πε0 2 2 4πε0
r +x 2
r + x2
The total electric potential V is;
R
R  
σ 2rdr σ  r2 + x2 
V= ∫ =
4 ε0 0 r 2 + x 2 4 ε0  1 / 2  0

Q  
=
 R2 + x 2 − x 
2πε0 R2  

18. Given: Pair 1 → 1 µC and 2 µC.

Pair 2 → 1µC and -3µC

Forces, F1 = k
(1µC)(2µC)
r2
2µ 2 K
F1 =
r2
K ( 2µC) ( −3µC)
F2 = r2
−6µ 2 K
F2 =
r2
F1 : F2 = 1 : -3
Hence, the graph will be
F

1
2
r

F2

19. We know that,

1
n=
sin C

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 Where, n = Refractive index
1 1
C= = = 0.667
n 1 .5
Sin C = sin 41° 49'
C = 41° 49'
C > 30°
Angle on face A.C which a greater than incident
A

P
Q R
30°

60°
B C
Thus, the light ray PQ will emerge out from face A.C.

eE τ
20. Drift velocity vd =
m
Now, E = V ,
l
Where V is potential difference. If the length of the conductor is doubled
then drift velocity will be halved.
Resistance of conductor is directly proportional to the length, therefore on
doubling the length, resistance will become four times.
Related Theory
 Drift velocity is inversely proportional to the length of the conductor.

21. For a thin lens

1  mg  1 1
P= = − 1  − 
f  ma   R1 R2  ...(i)


1  mg  1 1 
P' = = − 1  − 
f  ml   R1 R2  ...(ii)

Dividing equation (i) from equation (ii), we get,
 mg  
− 1 1.5 
   −1
P'  lm   1.6  1
= = =−
P  mg   1.5  8
 − 1  − 1
 ma   1 

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  1  1
P ' =  −  P =  −  ( −5) = + 0.625 D
 8  8

SECTION - C
22. From Bohr’s model-An atom has a number of stable orbits in which an
electron can reside without the emission of radiant energy. Each orbit
corresponds to a certain energy level. Electron revolves is circular orbit,
mv2 e2
\ =
r 4pε0 r 2

r
e–


The motion of an electron in circular orbits is restricted in such a manner

h .
that its angular momentum is an integral multiple
2p

Thus, L = mvr = nh
2p
−13.6
En = z2eV
2
r
Z = 1 for H2 atom
−13.6
En = eV
r2
From de-Broglie hypothesis
l= h = h
p mv
And from Bohr model
nl = 2pr
l = 2pr
n
h = 2pr
mv n
nh = mvr = L
2p
OR
Radius of the orbit of the Earth around the Sun, r = 1.5 × 1011 m

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 Orbital speed of the Earth, v = 3 × 104 m/s
Mass of the Earth, m = 6.0 × 1024 kg
According to Bohr’s model, angular momentum is quantized and given as:
mvr = nh
2p
Where,
h = Planck’s constant = 6.62 × 10–34 Js
n = Quantum number
\ n = mvr2p
h

2p × 6 × 1024 × 3 × 104 × 1.5 × 1011

=
6.62 × 10 −34
= 25.61 × 1073 = 2.6 × 1074
Hence, the quanta number that characterizes the Earth’ revolution is 2.6 ×
1074.
23. We know,
magnetic moment (m) = NIA

d 2d

N N'

Where, N = Number of turns

Then, length of wire remains same
  d    2d  
Thus, N ×  2 π    = N ' 2π  
  2    2 

⇒ N' = N
2
2 1
Now, mA = NIAA = NI ( πrA ) = NI πd 2
4
NI 1
Similarly, mB = N'IAB = ( πrB2 ) = ( NI πd 2 )
2 2
1
mB 2
= 2=
mA 1 1
4

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 mB 2
⇒ =
mA 1
24. Let q be the charge on each small drop of radius r. Then,
1 q
V=
4 πε0 r
Since 'n' drops coalesce together to form a single drop of radius R. Then,
4 3 4
πR = n πr 3
3 3
or R3 = nr3
or R = n1/3 r
Total charge on large drop,
Q = nq
If V' is the potential of the large drop.
1 nq
V' =
4 πε0 R
Substituting for R.
1 nq
V' =
4 πε0 n1/ 3 r

1 1/ 3 q
or V' = 4 πε n r = n2/3V
0

25. (A) Let C be the amperian loop.

Then, 1 1 1
   
1

1

1
v u f 50 25 50

R1 R2 R3
G

2V 20 V 200 V

(B) The angle between B and dl is less than 90° inside the bar magnet. So,
it is positive
i.e., v

50
 1
= > 0 (i.e., positive)
u 50
Hence, the lines of B must run from south pole (S) to north pole (N)
inside the bar magnet According to Ampere’s law,

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 → →

∫ H . dl = 0
PQP

→ → P →
Q → → →

∫ H . dl = ∫ H . dl+ ∫ H . dl = 0
P
PQP Q

As ⋅
∫H.dl > 0,
Q

D-d
2
So, H.dl < 0 i.e., (negative)

If angle between H and dl is more than 90°, so that cos θ is negative it
means the line of H must run from N pole to S pole inside the bar magnet.
For conductor (i)
26. For typical
semiconductor (ii)
0.8

Resistivity
–8
(10 m)
0.4

0 50 100 150 t
Temp(K )

n = number of free electrons

t = Average time between collisions.
In metals n is not dependent on temperature to any appreciable extent and
thus the decrease in the value of x with rise in temperature causes ρ to
increases. For semiconductors, n increases with temperature. This increase
will more than compensate any decrease in t, so that for such materials, ρ
decreases with temperature.
27. (A) X-rays > Visible rays (red light) > microwaves > radio waves
(B) Radio waves are used in RADAR system. They are electromagnetic
waves and Transverse in nature.
(C) The ozone layer in the statosphere absorbs a portion of the radiation
from the sun, preventing it from reaching the planet’s surface. Most
importantly, it absorbs the portion of UV light called UVB. UVB is a
kind of ultraviolet light from the sun (and sun lamps) that has several
harmful effects.
28. Let P be the point of zero potential be p at distance r from the charge 1.
d = 16 cm

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 q1 q2
Electric potential, v = +
4 πε0 r 4 πε0 ( d − r )
For v = 0,
q1 q2
=–
r d–r
5 × 10−8 –3 × 10−8
⇒ =
r 0.16 – r
r = 10 cm
If, point P is outside the system,
q1 q2
v= + (r – d)
4 πε0 r 4 πε0 ( r − d )
So here, r = 40 cm

SECTION D

29. (A) (a) 60 Hz and 240 V

ω E0
Explanation: f = and Erms =
2π 2

(B) (a) 70.7 V and 70.7 mA

Explanation:
The Instantaneous value of voltage is
` e = 100 isn (100t) V
Compare it with,
e0 = e0 sin (wt)V
We get,
e0 = 100 V, w = 100 rads-1
The rns value of voltage is,
E0 100
erms = = V = 70.7 V
2 2
The Instantaneous value of current is,
 π
I = 100 sin 100t + 3 
mA

Compare it with,
I = I0 sin(wt) +f)

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 We get,
I0 = 100mA, w = 100 rad s-1
The rms value of current is,
I0 100
Irms = = = 70.7mA
2 2

(C) (a) 220 2 sin (100πt)

Explanation:
Here, Vrms = 220 V, = 50 Hz
Peak value of voltage,
V0 = 2 Vrms = 220 2 V
The instantaneous value of voltage is,
V = V0 sin 2πνt
V = 220 2 sin 2π × 50t
V = 220 2 sin (100πt)
(D) (b) 2.828 A
Explanation:
Given equation,
e = 80 sin 100 p t(i)
Standard equation of instantaneous voltage is by,
e = em wt(ii)
Compare (i) and (ii), we get em = 80 V
Where em is the voltage amplitude
e
Current amplitude, Im = m
Z
80
Where, Z = impedance = = 4A
20
Effective current or root mean square current
4 4 2
Irms = = = 2 2 = 2.828 A
2 2
(E) (b) 5 3V
Explanation:
2πt
e = e0 cos wt = e0 cos
T

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 2π × 50 × 1
e = 10 cos 600

e = 10 cos π = 5 3volt
6

30. (A) (a) WATER

18º

Explanation: when a ray of light travel from denser to rarer medium,

the refracted ray bends away from the natural path. Correct option is (a).

p d2
(B) (b)
( m2 − 1 )
Explanation: The depth is d and the refractive index of water is µ.
Depth = d
Refractive index = u
A 90º O 90º C

i i
d

B
Now, we know that,
sin 90º
or, µ=
sin i
1
Then, sin i = m

1
Then, tan i = ...(i)
m2 − 1
From the diagram, in triangle OBC,
OC
tan i =
OB
OC is the radius of the circle and OB is the depth.
Therefore,
R
tan i = ...(ii)
d

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 Equating (1) and (2),
1
= R
m2 - 1 d

d
R=
m2 − 1

Now, the area will be pR2.
Therefore,
pd 2
Surface area, pR2 =
m2 − 1
(C) (c) Water
Explanation:
 n 
Critical angle q = sin–1  air 
 nwater 

−1  1 
q = sin  1.33 
 
q = 48.75º
Correction option is (c) water.
(D) (b) 30°
Explanation:
 n2 
Critical angle, q = sin-1  
 n1 
q = sin-1 (sin 30°)
Correct option is (b) 30°.
(E) (b) 1.5 × 108 ms–1
Explanation:
−1  1 
q = sin  x 
 

 1
sin q =  x 
 
x=2
c
x= v
m

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 c
v=
x
3 × 108
v=
2
v = 1.5 × 108 m/s
Correct option is (b) 1.5 × 108 ms–1
31. (A) Let the postulate be true, then two parallel rays would proceed as given
figure (1)

θr B θr
air
E A C medium
θr
θr
D

(1)

C air
A
D medium

(2)
If ED shows a wave front then all points on this must have the same
phase.
− ε r mr AE = BC − ε r mr CD
Or BC > O, CD > AE
It is showing that the postulate is reasonable. If however, the light
proceeds as an ordinary material (fig (2))

− ε r mr AE = BC − ε r mr CD

⇒ BC = ε r mr (CD − AE) (i)

As AE > CD, BC < O
So, the postulate is correct.
(B) From figure (1)
BC = AC sin θi and CD − AE = AC sin θr

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From equation (i), BC = ε r µ r (CD − AE)

⇒ BC = − ε r µ r (AE − CD)

sinθi
⇒ n =
sinθ r
which is Snell’s law.
OR
(A) 
Standing wave does not carry energy whereas interference pattern
carries energy and intensity. Standing wave propagates in only one
direction but interference propagates in all directions.
λD
(B) β=
d
(i) For β to be high, wavelength should be high and distance between two
slits should be less to achieve most spread-out interference pattern
Hence, the combination will be:
d1 λ2
(ii) For β to be less, wavelength should be less and distance between two
slits should be high to achieve least spread-out interference pattern
Hence the combination will be –
d2 λ1

(C) I =4I0 cos2 φ

2
φ
2I = 4I0 cos2
2

1 = cos2 φ
2 2
1
cos φ =
2 2
φ
= 45°
2
φ = 90°
φ = kx

φ πλ λ
x= = =
k 2.2π 4

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32. (A) (b) slightly higher than its steady current
 Explanation: An electric heater is connected to the voltage supply.
After a few seconds when the current gets its steady value then its
initial current will be 'Slightly higher than its steady current'. This is
because—the Resistance will increase with increase in the temperature
and hence the steady current will decrease.
V

(B) (b) non-ohmic conductors

Explanation:
The electric current is proportional to the voltage.
I ∝V
It gives linear relationship. The graph between the electric current and
voltage is straight line passing through the origin.
The I – V characteristics shown in the figure is Non-ohmic conductor.
(C) (a) V

Explanation: According to ohm’s law, for a good conductor, the graph

between voltage and current does not obey exactly ohms law, it shown
some deviation from straight line.
V = IR ...(i)
(D) (a) resistivity
Explanation:
J=sE
⇒ Jr = E
J, is current density, E is electric field
So, B = r = resistivity.
(E) (a) zero
Explanation: In the absence of electric field, the electron moves in zig-
zag direction as shown in figure. So net displacement is zero, hence mean
velocity of free electrons in a conductor at absolute temperature is zero

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 Direction of electron Net Direction or movement
(in the absence of (in Presence of electric  eld)
electric  eld)

33. (A) Faraday's law of induction is the basic law of electromagnetism which
helps us to predict how a magnetic field would interact with an electric
circuit to produce an electromotive force (emf). This phenomenon is known as
electromagnetic induction.
(B) Refer to the figure given with the question let us first consider the
forward motion of the arm PQ from x = 0 to x = 2b. Obviously now the
magnetic flux linked with the circuit SPQR is O = BA Hence,
(i) φ = Blx for ≤ x ≤ b
(ii) φ = Blb for b ≤ x ≤ 2b
Consequently the induced emf will be:
df
E=–
dt
Hence,
(i) E = – d (Blx ) = – Blv for 0 ≤ × ≤ b
dt

(ii) E = – d (Blb ) = 0 for b ≤ × ≤ 2b

dt
Again for the backward motion of the arm PQ from x = 2b to x = 0, the
magnetic flux with the circuit SPQR is,
(i) φ = Blb for b ≤ x ≤ 2b
(ii) φ = Blx for 0 ≤ × ≤ b (and flux is gradually decreasing )
As a result the induced emf will be
(i) E = 0 for b ≤ x ≤ 2b
(ii) E = + Blv for 0 ≤ x ≤ b
Variation of the magnetic flux and induced emf during forward and
backward motion of the arm PQ is shown in the graph.
Outward Inward
Magnetic  ux

B and
V

o b 2b b o
x
Induced emf

B and
V
b 2b b o
B and x
V

Page 18 32/1/1
 OR
Given, power consumption in 5 hours = 10 units
Power consumption per hour = 2 units
= 2 KWh = 2000 J/s.
As, we know that, P = VI
2000 = 220 × I
I = 2000 = 9.1 A
220
l
Resistance of the wire, R = r
A
Power consumption in first current carrying wire is given by,
P = I2R
l
Where, R = r
A

l 2
P= ρ ×I
A
10
P = 1.7 × 10-8 ×
p × 10 −6
× 82.64 J/s
P = 4.1 J/s
4.1
The fractional loss due to the joule heating in first wire = × 100
2000
=0.2%
rAL 2.7 × 10 −8
Power loss in Al wire = 4 = 4× = 1.6 × 4 = 6.4 J/s
rCU 1.7 × 10 −8
6.4
The fractional loss due to the joule heating in second wire = × 100
2000
= 0.32%

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