Republic of the Philippines

COMMISSION ON HIGHER EDUCATION

Region V (Bicol)
TIWI COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Tiwi, Albay

SUBJECT: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY

INSTRUCTRESS: MS. ARLENE B. CERDEŇO

SESSION PLAN FORMAT FOR ELEMENTARY (5A’s)

Disclaimer: This format is based on various up-to-date sources from the web. This is NOT
claimed as personal ownership and is solely utilized for students' use. CTTO

Session Plan
I. Objectives:
At the end of the period, students should be able to:
1. recognize the important periods/developments of Science and Technology in the
Philippines;
2. appreciate the significance of scientific and technological development in our
country; and
3. forecast the future developments of our country in Science and Technology.

II. Subject Matter

Topic: History of Science and Technology
1. Pre-Spanish Era
2. Spanish Colonial Era
3. American Period
4. Post Commonwealth Era
Values Integration: Appreciating Philippines’ innovations and comfortability brought in
by Science and Technology by looking back in the technological history
Materials: Projector, Laptop, Printed Materials, Manila Paper and Pentelpen

References:
● “Historical Development in Science and Technology | PDF | Philippines | Science.”
Scribd, 14 Dec. 2019, www.scribd.com/presentation/439712407/Historical-
Development-in-Science-and-Technology
● “History of Science & Technology in the Philippines by Olivia C. Caoili | PDF |
Philippines | Science.” Scribd, 8 Dec. 2021,
www.scribd.com/document/545506945/History-of-Sts. Accessed 1 Feb. 2024.
● “Timeline History of Science and Technology in the Philippines | PDF | Science |
Philippines.” Scribd, 12 Sept. 2021, www.scribd.com/document/524824895/TIMELINE-
HISTORY-OF-SCIENCE-AND-TECHNOLOGY-IN-THE-PHILIPPINES-1.

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III. Procedure
INTRODUCTION:
Science and technology in the Philippines describe scientific and technological progress
made by the Philippines. The Philippines, as one of the third world countries, have gone through
different stages of scientific innovations and development. As we walk through time, we’ll be
able to understand how our country acquired, developed, and used Science and Technology. We
will learn how far we’ve come and can compare it with what we have now. Today, the main
agency responsible for managing science and technology (S&T) is the Department of Science
and Technology (DOST).

The teacher will do the preliminary activities like checking of the attendance and room
management.
Present the objectives of the lesson.
- Prayer
- Present the objectives of the lesson.

IV. DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES

A. Review:
The students will answer the following questions to assess their prior knowledge
about the lesson.
1. What do you know about Philippine History?
2. Who are the colonizers/occupants of the Philippines?

B. Motivation:
PICTURE ANALYSIS
Show a picture of an evolution of technology in the Philippines from ancient to
modern times and students will answer the given processing questions.

1. What are your thoughts on the provided pictures?

2. How do you describe the picture shown, can you give a similar evolution of
invention?

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 V. LESSON PROPER
A. ACTIVITY:

Group Activity:
1. Form 3 groups and then, will they be given printed copies of pictures?
2. They will identify from which period those pictures originated (Pre-Spanish,
Spanish, Commonwealth/American, Post-Commonwealth Era)

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 B. ANALYSIS:

The teacher will gather the work of the students and let the students answer the guide
question. Present the effective question to encourage sharing of ideas.
1. Reflect on how advance have we become in Science and Technology here in the
Philippines.

C. ABSTRACTION:

Pre- Spanish period

°Early Filipino settlers were already using certain plants and herbs as medicine
°systems of farming and animal- raising were also implemented
°Early Filipinos also developed different modes of transportation, whether terrestrial or maritime
°They already had an alphabet number system, a weighing and measuring system and a calendar
°Filipinos were already engaged in farming, ship building, mining, and weaving
°The Banaue rice terraces are among the sophisticated of engineering by pre-Spanish ere
Filipinos.

Spanish colonial period

°during the early years of Spanish rule in the Philippines, parish schools were established. Where
religious, reading, writing, arithmetic and music was taught.
°later the Spanish established colleges, and universities in the archipelago including the
university of Sto.Tomas
°The study of medicine in the Philippines was given priority in the Spanish era
°It also contributed to the field of engineering in the island by constructing government building,
churches, roads, bridges and forts.

American Period
The progress of science and technology continued under American rule. On July 1, 1901, the
Philippine Commission established the Bureau of Government Laboratories which was placed
under the Department of Interior. The Bureau replaced the Laboratorio Municipal which was
established during the Spanish era. On October 26, 1905, the Bureau of Government
Laboratories was replaced by the Bureau of Science. The Bureau dealt with the study of tropical
diseases. With the progress of science and technology, on December 8, 1933, the National
Research Council of the Philippines was recognized. The Bureau of Science became the primary
research center of the Philippines until World War II.
Science during the American period was inclined towards agriculture, food processing,
forestry, medicine, and pharmacy. Not much focus was given on the development of industrial
technology due to free trade policy with the United States which nurtured an economy geared

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towards agriculture and trade. In 1946 the Bureau of Science was replaced by the Institute of
Science.
In 1958, during the regime of President Carlos P. Garcia, the Philippine Congress passed the
Science Act of 1958 which established the National Science Development Board.

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY In the Philippines Post

Commonwealth Era

Post Commonwealth Era (after World War II to present):

·Science inclined towards agriculture, food processing, forestry, medicine, and pharmacy, they
didn't focus on development of industrial technology due to free trade policy.

·The Bureau of science was replaced by the Institute of Science in 1946 during the regime of
Carlos P. Garcia.

·1950 reports made by the US Economics survey about Philippines problem with regards to
science and technology such as lack of basic information, no support, minimal budget, and low
compensations.

·During the regimen of Carlos P. Garcia in (1958) the Philippine Congress passed the bill
entitled "The Science Act of 1958" which goal is to establish National Science development
Board.

Marcos Era:

·Science was given importance.

·Amended in 1973 Philippine Constitution in terms of national development, priority shall be

given in advancement of science and technology.

·In his SONA, he declared that there is a need for science public high school with help of DepEd
in partnership with National Science Development Board (NSDB) it aims to provide science
teaching equipment for 4 years.

·1968 organized technology was the reason in economic development.

·NSDB established the Philippine Atomic Energy Commission

·1969 he allotted large amount of war damage funds to private universities to encourage to create
courses that focus on science and technology.

·Philippine Agricultural Research was established.

·Presidential Decree No. 49 Series of 1972, as support for promoting scientific research and
invention.

·His greatest contribution is the establishment of PAGASA to ensure the safety of the nation.

·Philippine National Oil Company was created to promote economic development through
efficient use of energy sources.

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·NSDB=>National Science and Technology Authority (NSTA) through EO No. 784 s. 1982

·Established national academy of science and technology in 1976-1986 established campuses of

Philippines science high school in Visayas and Mindanao.

FIFTH REPUBLIC:

Corazon Aquino replaced Marcos in her term in 1986.

· Replaced National Science Technology Authority to Department of Science and Technology

(DOST). During plan for the years 1987-1992.

·1989 budget allocation for science and technology was increased to 1.054 billion pesos. But due
to financial crisis between 1990 and1991 it was cut down 14% and in 1992. It was increased
again by 50%.

· Encouraged scientists and inventors to bring Philippines back to its former position as 2nd to
Japan in science and technology.

·R.A. 6655 or Free Public Secondary Education Act of 1988- opened free education at the
secondary level. One of her goals is to make Philippines industrialized by year 2000

·July 1992, President Fidel Ramos reported his first SONA there were improvement with
regards to science and technology. In his third SONA there was a significant people who
specialize in field of science and technology.

·By the year1998 it was estimated that Philippines had 3000 competent scientist and engineers.

·July 1992, President Fidel Ramos reported his first SONA there were improvement with regards
to science and technology. In his third SONA there was a significant people who specialize in
field of science and technology.

·By the year1998 it was estimated that Philippines had 3000 competent scientist and engineers.

·Initiated Science and Technology Agenda for Development (STAND)-would support the
national development goal of attaining a Newly Industrialized country (NIC).

·During 5th republic, the government provided 3500 scholarships for science and
technology.

·By approving Republic Act No. 8439 in 1997 which entitled Magna Carta for science and
technology personnel. The purpose is to give incentives and rewards to people who make an
impact and are influential in the field of science and technology.

·1998, Joseph Estrada the "Internet Age" was pushed for the advancement of schools and
industry.

·Philippines Clean Air Act of 1999 was signed to protect and preserve the environment and
ensure sustainable development of its natural resources.

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·The Electronic Commerce Act of 2000 was signed which combats computer hacking and
provides opportunities for internet driven businesses.

·1998, Joseph Estrada the "Internet Age" was pushed for the advancement of schools and
industry.

·Then it was under term of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo when science and technology reached
"golden age".

·Numerous laws and projects related to science were made to push technology forward to
increase the economic level of the country like R.A 9367 or the "biofuels" act.

·President Benigno Aquino considered as the “Father of Organic Agriculture” because his work
on the Organic Agriculture Act of 2010.

·R.A. No. 19844 or the DICT Act of 2015 was signed into law where the Dept. of Information
and Technology will take charge of planning, developing, and promoting the national ICT
development agenda.

·First automated voting happened during his election as president, paved by GMA.

·2014 President Benigno Aquino honors four scientists who gave huge contributions in the
scientific field that geared towards the advancement of science and technology of the country.

· President Rodrigo Duterte- on 15 June 2018. Republic Act No. 11035, also known as an “Act
Institutionalizing the Balik Scientist Program,” would give more incentives to returning Filipino
experts, scientists, inventors, and engineers who would share their expertise in the country.

D. APPLICATION: (Allow students to apply their knowledge in real-life scenarios.)

E. How important are those periods in Philippines history to S&T and to Filipinos?
F. Who do you think is the president who contributed most in Science and
Technology in the Philippines?
G. What do you think are the next developments we’ll have in S&T here in our
country?

H. ASSESSMENT:
PART I-True or False:
1. American replaced Spaniards.
2. Science during the American period was inclined towards agriculture, food processing,
forestry, medicine, and pharmacy.
3. In 1956 the Bureau of science was replaced by the institute of science.
4. The progress of science and technology continued under American rule.
5. During the regime of President Ferdinand Marcos Sr., the Philippine Congress passed the
Science Act of 1958 which established the National Science Development Board?

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PART II-Multiple Choice.
1. Pharmacy was opened at the university of santo Tomas?
a. a.University of santo Tomas b. University of Ateneo de manila c .University of
San Jose
2. Later the Spaniards established colleges and universities in archipelago including what
universities?
a. a.University of santo Tomas b. University of Ateneo de manila c .University of
San Jose
3. This is the sophisticated product of engineering by pre - Spanish era Filipinos.
a. a.Mining b.Weaving c. Banaue rice terraces
4. What is the writing system of the early Filipinos during pre -colonial period?
a. a.Baybayin b.Abakada c.Latin
5. The study of medicine in the Philippines was given priority in what period?
a. a.Pre Spanish era b.spanish colonial period c.american period

PART III-Identification:
1. Who established PAG-ASA?
2. President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo’s term was dubbed as “Golden_____”?
3. Who was called the “Father of Organic Agriculture”?
4. ______________________ of 1999 was signed to protect and preserve the environment
and ensure sustainable development of its natural resources.
5. R.A. 6655 or Free Public Secondary Education Act of 1988- opened free education at the
secondary level was signed by who’s President?

Closing Prayer

Prepared by:
DEO N. COLLAO
ANGELA RANESES
JOYLYN PATUAL
BEED/BTVTED 1A

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