Cebu Normal University

Osmeña Blvd. Cebu City

Learning Material in Quantitative Analysis

Developed by:

Kathline Jane Faith A. Acejo

MA.Ed-Mathematics
About the
Author
“The worst

form of

inequality

Review on Inequalities
is to try

to make

unequal
Kathline Jane Faith A. Acejo
is a fresh graduate of Bachelor of Secondary things
Education major in Mathematics at Cebu
Normal University; where she also currently equal”.
study her Masters of Education major in
Mathematics. She was a fulltime scholar of - Aristotle
DOST in college and an aspiring scholar in her
graduate studies.
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 PREFACE

This learning material is intended to review concepts and revisit processes of

graphing linear inequalities on the coordinate system. This topic will aid learners
on their understanding of Linear Programming which involves system of linear
inequalities – that will allow us to find the minimum and maximum values of
quantities with multiple constraints.
Review on Inequalities

HV

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. OVERVIEW 4
I. GRAPHING INEQUALITIES 5
II. BOUNDED and UNBOUNDED REGIONS 6
III. WAY TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM 7
II. ANSWER KEY 8

Review on Inequalities

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 Linear Programming sounds really difficult, but it’s
just a neat way to use math to find out the best way to
do things – for example, how many things to make or
buy. It usually involves a system of linear
inequalities, called constraints, but in the end, we
want to either maximize something (like profit) or
Review on Inequalities

HV minimize something (like cost). Whatever we’re

maximizing or minimizing is called the objective
function.
Linear programming was developed during the
Second World War for solving military logistic
problems. It is used extensively today in business to
minimize costs and maximize profits.

Before we start Linear Programming, let’s

review

4 .
 I. GRAPHING INEQUALITIES

To graph inequalities on the coordinate system, we need to graph the line

using the “𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏” formula (or another method, like intercepts), and
look which way the inequality sign is, with respect to the positive
coefficient of 𝑦. The shaded areas will be where the equation “works”; in
other words, where the solutions are.

EXAMPLE:

𝑦 < 2𝑥 + 4

First, graph the line 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 4. Since we

have “𝑦 <” inequality, we shade under the
graph, since it “rains down”. Note that we use
a dashed line since we have a “< ”.

Review on Inequalities
Let’s plug in (5,0) to see if it shows up as a
solution. (5,0) is in the shaded area, so that it
satisfies the inequality: 0 < 2(5) + 4.

IT IS TIME TO DO THE REST!

3𝑥 − 4𝑦 ≤ 12
𝑥>3
𝑦 < 2𝑥 + 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 ≤ 5 5
 II. BOUNDED AND UNBOUNDED REGIONS

With our Linear Programming examples, we’ll have a set of compound

inequalities, and they will be bounded inequalities, meaning the regions of
the inequalities will have both maximum and minimum values. (We’ll show
examples below but think of bounded meaning that you could draw a
“circle” around the feasible region, which is the solution set to the
inequalities).
By contrast, unbounded regions are not enclosed on all sides, and we
typically don’t see these in linear programming problems.

EXAMPLE:

𝒙+𝒚≤6
𝒙 + 2𝒚 ≤ 8
𝒙≥0
𝒚≥0
Review on Inequalities

HV The easiest way to graph the first two inequalities is

with the intercepts or “cover up” method. For
example, for the second inequality, cover up the 𝑥 to
get 2𝑦 = 8, or 𝑦 = 4, so the y intercept is (0,4);
cover up the 2𝑦 to get 𝑥 = 8, so the 𝑥 intercept
is (8,0).

This area is bounded, since you can draw a “circle”

around the double-shaded region.

To test that you shaded correctly, check a point in

the double-shaded area, and see if it works. Let’s try
the point (2,2). It works in all the inequalities.

IT IS TIME TO DO THE REST!

2𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 8
6 𝑥+𝑦≥5
𝑥≥0
𝑦≥0
 III. WAY TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM

ACE THE WORD PROBLEM!

Lisa has an online jewelry shop where she sells earrings and necklaces. She
sells earrings for $30 and necklaces for $40. It takes 30 minutes to make a
pair of earrings and 1 hour to make a necklace, and, since Lisa is a math
tutor, she only has 10 hours a week to make jewelry. In addition, she only
has enough materials to make 15 total jewelry items per week.

Review on Inequalities
She makes a profit of $15 on each pair of earrings and $20 on each
necklace. How many pairs of earrings and necklaces should Lisa make each
week in order to maximize her profit, assuming she sells all her jewelry?

Bountiful Boats has to produce at least 5000 cabin cruisers

and 12,000 pontoons each year; they can produce at most 30,000 jet skis in
a year. The company has two factories: one in Michigan, and one in
Wisconsin; each factory is open for a maximum of 240 days per year. The
Michigan factory makes 20 cabin cruisers, 40 pontoons, and 60 jet skis per
day. The Wisconsin factory makes 10 cruisers, 30 pontoons, and 50 jet skis
per day. The cost to run the Michigan factory per day is $960,000; the cost
to run the Wisconsin factory per day is $750,000. How many days of the year
should each factory run in order to meet the boat production, yet do so at a
minimum cost?

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 ANSWER KEY

I 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 ≤ 12
Review on Inequalities

HV 𝑥>3

𝑦 < 2𝑥 + 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 ≤ 5

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ANSWER KEY

II
2𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 8
𝑥+𝑦 ≥ 5
𝑥≥0
𝑦≥0

This region is unbounded,

since you can’t draw a “circle”
around the double-shaded
region (it goes on and on
forever).

To test that you shaded correctly, check a point in the double-shaded area,

Review on Inequalities
and see if it works. Let’s try the point (6,4). It works in all the inequalities.

III
. 5𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 10
𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 15
𝑥≥0
𝑦≥0

We’ll graph the equations as equalities, and

shade “up” or shade “down”. This area
is bounded, since you can draw a circle
around the double-shaded region.

To test that you shaded correctly, check a

point in the double-shaded area, and see if it
works. Let’s try the point (5,5) (5 pairs of 9
earrings and 5 necklaces). It works in all the
inequalities.
 ANSWER KEY

Then take these points and plug in the x and y values into the objective function. Here is
what we get:

So, in order to maximize her profits, Lisa should make 10 pair of

earrings and 5 necklaces per week, and her weekly profit is $250.
Review on Inequalities

HV 20𝑥 + 10𝑦 ≥ 5000

40𝑥 + 30𝑦 ≥ 12000
60𝑥 + 50𝑦 ≤ 30000
0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 240
0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 240

We’ll graph the equations as

equalities, and shade “up” or shade
“down”.

This area is bounded, since you can

draw a “circle” around the double-
shaded region.

Notice that we didn’t really even

need the equation 60𝑥 + 50𝑦 ≤
30000; this constraint was taken
care of by other constraints (this
happens sometimes).

To test that you shaded correctly,

10 check a point in the double-shaded
area, and see if it works. Let’s try the point (200,200). It works in all the inequalities.
ANSWER KEY

Then take these points and plug in the x and y values into the objective function. Here is
what we get:

Note that you can see that the point (240,240) won’t provide a minimum since the
point (240,80) will provide a smaller amount. So, technically, you wouldn’t even have to
plug this point into the objective function.

Review on Inequalities
In order to minimize their costs, Bountiful Boats should make boats 240 days a year at
their Michigan plant, and 80 days a year at their Wisconsin plant. This will yield a cost
of $290,400,000. So you can see that your answer may be surprising!

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