Computer Science

Winners Edu. Center.

~ Eng. Santino Puokleena Yien.
~ Faculty of Computer and Information Sciences, Ain Shams University.
Department of Computer Science (CS).
Email: santinoyien@cis.asu.edu.eg.

Winners Informatics Lab 2023.

Recap

 ……From last time….

o Computer Science : is not the study of Computers, nor is it the practice of their use.

Winners Informatics Lab 2023.

 What is a computer?

• An electronic device that stores, retrieves, and processes

data, and can be programmed with instructions.

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 Computer Operations

Input Processing Output

External Storage

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 Types of Computers

 Supercomputers...are used to process very large amounts of information including

processing information to predict hurricanes, satellite images and navigation, and
process military war scenarios.
 Mainframes...are used by government and businesses to process very large amounts of
information.
 Mini-Computers...are similar to mainframes...they are used by business and
government to process large amounts of information.
 Personal Computers (PC)…

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 Types of Computers

 Personal Computers (Continued)

Personal Computers...also known as PC’s...are smaller and less powerful

than the others.
They are used at homes, schools, and small businesses.

Winners Informatics Lab 2023.

Types of Computers

 The most common computer is the Personal Computer (PC).

- smaller and less powerful than the others.
They are used in homes, schools, and small businesses.

 A personal computer is a computer that is designed for use by one

person at a time.
There are 3 main types of PCs

 Desktop
 Portable (Notebook/Laptop)
 Hand-Held

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 Types of Computers

Desktop Laptop Handheld

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Desktop Computers

o Are made up of individual components

(monitor, a keyboard, a system unit, and a printer).
o Are not portable.
o Components of desktop computers can easily be replaced or upgraded.
o Have more memory, a larger hard drive, more ports, and a bigger display
than laptops and other portable computers.
o Can run continuously for long periods of time.

Winners Informatics Lab 2023.

Laptop Computers

o Are lightweight personal computers.

o Are also called notebook computers.
o Are small and portable.
o Run on electricity or on batteries that can be recharged.
o Consume more power than desktop computers.
o Perform the same tasks as desktop computers.

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Handheld Computers

o Are devices used for specific everyday tasks, such as managing personal
data.
o Are smaller than laptops and provide fewer features compared to desktop
computers or laptops.
o Can also perform basic word-processing activities and help you access the
Internet.
o Several handheld computer models can also work as cellular phones or
digital cameras.

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 Parts of a Computer

 There are two basic parts that make up a

computer...

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 Hardware

 Hardware is basically anything that you can touch with your fingers.

❑ Computer Case
❑ CPU (central processing unit...Pentium chip)
❑ Monitor
❑ Keyboard & Mouse
❑ Disk Drive, CD-ROM, DVD,
❑ Hard Drive
❑ Memory (RAM)
❑ Speakers
❑ Printer
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 Hardware (Continued)

 Input Devices
 Output Devices
 Storage Devices

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 Input Devices

 Input basically means getting data into the

computer to be processed.
➢ Keyboard, Mouse, Touch Pad,
➢ Light Pen, Laser Scanner,
➢ Pointing Stick,
➢ Touch Screen,
➢ Bar Code Reader, Scanner
➢ Microphone…

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 Output Devices

 Output basically means getting data out of the computer.

➢ Monitor
➢ Printer
➢ Speakers
➢ Headphones
➢ Modem.
➢ Fax.

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 Storage Devices

 Storage devices are both input and output devices in one. A storage
device is a place to keep data that has been processed so that it can be
retrieved at a later time to be used again.

o Hard Disk
o Floppy Disk
o CD’s, DVD’s
o Magnetic Tape
o Flash Memory, Jump Drive

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 Can be volatile or nonvolatile.

 Volatile
Memory: This is the temporary memory of a
computer.

 Nonvolatile
Memory: The content stored on this type of
memory is retained after the computer is turned off.

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 Terms used to measure memory capacity.

Term Description

Bit Smallest unit of information that a

computer handles.
Byte Combination of eight bits arranged in a
particular sequence.
Kilobyte One kilobyte (KB) is equal to 1,024 bytes.

Megabyte One megabyte (MB) is equal to 1,024 KB.

Gigabyte One gigabyte (GB) is equal to 1,024 MB.

Terabyte One terabyte is equal to 1,024 GB.

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Computer Performance

Important factors that affect the overall

performance of the computer:

 CPU Speed
 Hard Disk Factors
 RAM

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CPU Speed

The CPU speed is the rate at which the CPU can perform a task, such as
moving data to and from RAM, or performing a numerical calculation.

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Hard Disk

 Hard disks differ in storage capacities as well as their speed of data

storage and retrieval.

 If the speed of data retrieval is fast, the computer takes less time to
start and to load programs.

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RAM

 RAM is the active memory of the computer.

 The speed of retrieving data stored on RAM is very fast.

 The RAM speed and the amount of RAM are important factors
in personal computer performance.

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 Software

 Software is the program and application that tell the computer what to do and how to look.
➢ Types of Software:
A) Systems Software (OS).
- Run fundamental operations.
 Loading and running programs
 Saving and retrieving data
 Communicating with printers, E.g.

 Directs all the activities and sets all the rules for how the hardware and software will work together.
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 E.g.

DOS
Windows 3.1, 95, 98, Me, 2000, and XP
Unix
Linux

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 B) Applications Software

 Programs that work with operating system software to help the

computer to do specific types of work.

 There are six basic types of application software...

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 1. Business software: word processors, spreadsheets, and database programs.
2. Communication software: allows computers to communicate with other
computers: E-mail, Bluetooth...
3. Graphics software: software that allows users to create and manipulate
graphics...Photoshop, Print Shop, etc.

Winners Informatics Lab 2023.

4. Education and Reference software: Programs that help teach new
material and ideas, and programs that can be used to find
information...Worldbook Encyclopedia, Zoom, Microsofteam...
5. Entertainment and Leisure software...Warcraft, Age of Empires, Mrs.
Pacman, Solitaire.
6. Integrated software: Combines several types of software into one
program or package...Quicken (Spreadsheet/data base) or Print
Shop (Graphics/Word processor).

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 Summary

Software layers.
 Any question

Thank you

Winners Informatics Lab 2023.