COUNTING

PARTICLES BY
MASS
STRUCTURE 1.4
AVOGADRO’s CONSTANT
1 mol = 6.02 x 10
 AMOUNT OF
SUBSTANCE
(mol)

AVOGADRO’S
AMOUNT OF CONSTANT
ATOMS IN A
SAMPLE 6.02 x 10
CALCULATE THE AMOUNT OF LEAD (PB), IN MOL AND
MMOL, IN A SAMPLE CONTAINING
2.9 × 10^21 ATOMS OF THIS ELEMENT.
 CALCULATE
1. THE NUMBER OF ATOMS IN 2.5
MOL OF COPPER METAL

1. THE NUMBER OF MOLECULES IN

0.25 MOL OF WATER

1. THE NUMBER OF ATOMS IN 0.25

MOL OF WATER
Relative
Molecular
Mass (Mr)
the ratio of the mass of a molecule or other
multiatomic species to one-twelh of the mass
of a carbon-12 atom.

They have no units. Don’t round off the number

or data when calculating!
Let’s calculate
the Mr of:
How easy...
1. (CuSO4 • 5H2O)
2. Ca(OH)2
3. CH3COOH
4. CH4
5. HCl
6. H2SO4
7. NH3
 Practice
Table sugar is often sold in the form of cubes that
are made almost entirely of sucrose. Sucrose is an
organic compound with the molecular formula
C12H22O11 . Calculate:

a. the molar mass of sucrose

b. the amount of sucrose in one cube (2.80g) of sugar
c. the number of oxygen atoms in one cube of sugar
 Meh, it’s
Relative usually the
Molar
Molecular same thing
Mass (Mr)
Mass (M)

the ratio of the mass of a the mass of 1mol of

molecule or other that substance
multiatomic species to one-
twelh of the mass of a
carbon-12 atom.
 Mass

Amount in mol

Molar mass
 Molecular Empirical
Formula Formula

the actual number of simplest ratio of

atoms of each atoms of the
element in the different elements
molecule of that that are present in
substance. the substance.
 Find the empirical formula for:

SUCROSE BUTANE OZONE

C12H22O11 C4H10 O3
 Percentage
Composition
Calulate the percentage composition of water!

Calculate the percentage composition of sulfuric

acid (H2SO4)!
Now, we know the percentage
composition. So we need to find the
number of mol for each atom to find
the empirical formula.

Iron and oxygen form several

compounds (iron oxides). Deduce the
empirical
formula of an oxide that contains
72.36% of iron.
Hydrocarbons are organic compounds of
carbon and hydrogen. An unknown
hydrocarbon has undergone combustion in
excess oxygen to produce 26.41g of carbon
dioxide, CO2, and 13.52g of water, H2O.
Deduce the empirical formula of the
hydrocarbon.
Solute

SOLUTION

Solvent
MOLAR CONCENTRATION
 Mass concentration (g dm-3)
Molar concentration (mol dm-3)
 Calculate the molar concentration of
sodium chloride, in mol dm–3 , in a solution
prepared by dissolving 3.60g of NaCl(s) in
water to make 25.0cm3 of the final solution
Calculate the mass of sulfuric acid,
H2SO4, in 50.0cm3 of a solution
where [H2SO4] = 1.50 mol dm–3
 Calculate the molar concentration
of sulfuric acid, in mol dm–3
in a solution with ρ(H2SO4) = 0.150 gcm–3
 As a solution is diluted, the amount in (mol)
remains the same, although the volume and
concentration changes.

n sample = n diluted

As a solution is diluted, the volume increases, but the concentration

decreases. That’s why the number of mol could stay constant (the same)
 In dilution, the number of
moles (n) is constant.

As a solution is diluted, the volume increases, but the concentration

decreases. That’s why the number of mol could stay constant (the same)
A standard solution was prepared
by dissolving 2.497g of
copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate,
CuSO4•5H2O, in deionized
water using a 100cm3
volumetric flask. A 5.00cm3 sample of this
the solution was diluted to 250.0cm3

Calculate the concentration, in

mol dm–3, of copper(II) sulfate in the final
solution.
Determine the final concentration of a 75 cm3 solution
of HCl of concentration 0.40 mol dm-3, which is diluted
to a volume of 300 cm3