7E’s Detailed Lesson Plan in Science 8

I. Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students must be able to:
 Explain the different types of gene mutation (frameshift and point mutation).
 Participate in the class activities and class discussion
 Take and pass the mastery level of 75%
A. Topic: Types of Gene Mutation
B. Reference: Google. “www.genome.gov” Accessed April 3, 2021
https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Frameshift-Mutation
Google. “www.genome.gov” Accessed April 3, 2021
https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Point-Mutation
C. Materials: Laptop, PowerPoint Presentation, Printed Puzzle paper.
D. Values Integration: Interest, Cooperation, Critical-thinking, Open-mindedness and
Respect.

II. Procedure

Teachers Activity Students Activity

A. Preliminary Activities
“Good morning class!” “Good morning, Sir!”

“Before we formally start our lesson for today. (A student will lead the prayer)
Let’s have a short prayer. Let’s put ourselves
in the presence of our Lord.”

“Class at this point Before we start let us “The class monitor will check the
check your attendance First. Who is absent for attendance.”
today?
B. Statement of the Aim

“Class our lesson for today is all about the

Types of Gene Mutation. On this lesson class,
you must be able to: First, explain the
different types of gene mutation (frameshift
and point mutation). Second, participate in
the class activities and class discussion, and
lastly take and pass the mastery level of
75%.”

“Is it clear to you class?” “Yes, Sir”

C.
C.I. Elicit
“Since you already know the aims for this “Yes, Sir.”
lesson, let me present to you the overview of
our lesson. Are you ready to listen and
participate class?”

“In the previous learning activity, you learn

that causes of mutation can either be in two
reasons. First if the DNA fails to copy
accurately and second if there are external
influences that can trigger it to happen.
Knowing the causes of mutation and having
 an idea of what is it all about, this time you
will learn the types of gene mutation and
some of its examples.”

“What do you think about the picture?”

“Any idea?”

“Me, Sir”
“Excellent”
“It’s Mutated Tiger, Sir.”
“Now class we proceed to the new topics it’s
all about Gene Mutation.”

“Who among of you seen an albino?"

“Very good.” “All of the student raises their

hands.”
“Any clarification?”

“None, sir”
“If there’s none, let us proceed to our new
topic, but before that everybody please read Objectives
our objectives that we must attain today: At the end of the lesson, the students
must be able to:
 Explain and discuss what
is gene mutation.
 Participate in the class
activities and class
discussion
 Take and pass the
“Are you now ready to listen and cooperate mastery level of 75%
in our discussion my dear student?
“Yes, Sir.”

C. II. Engage

“Since you already knew what is the meaning

of Gene Mutation. At this point group
yourself into 4 groups because we will have a
group activity.”

Activity: Puzzle Game

“But first count one to four.”

“Any clarification?” “Yes, Sir”

 “Ok then you all proceed in your perspective “None, Sir”
groups.”
“Student are meet their groups”
“Choose you Group Leader”

“Group leader come on the front” “Ok, Sir”

“I will give you 5 minutes after that you will “Ok, Sir”
share it to the class.”

“Any clarification”

“None, Sir”
C. III. Explore
“At this point class, let’s have an activity.

Activity: Pinoy Henyo

“The Teacher will give some picture and the

student identify it.”

C. IV. Explain

“Do you have any idea when we talk about

Gene Mutation?”
“Yes, Sir”
“Ok, then what is the meaning of Gene
Mutation?”
“Gene mutation is a change that
occurs in your DNA sequence,
either due to mistakes when the
“Very good” DNA is copied or as the result of
environmental factors.”
“Today I will explain what is the causes of
gene mutation and the types of gene
mutation. Just listen carefully” “Students are listening”

“Gene mutation is a change that occurs in

your DNA sequence, either due to mistakes
when the DNA is copied or as the result of
environmental factors.”

“The first type of gene mutation is known as

the Frameshift mutation. A frameshift
mutation involves the insertion or deletion of
a nucleotide in which the number of deleted
base pairs is not divisible by three. "Divisible
by three" is important because the cell reads a
gene in groups of three bases. Each group of
three bases corresponds to one of 20 different
amino acids used to build a protein. If a
mutation disrupts this reading frame, then the
entire DNA sequence following the mutation
will be read incorrectly.”

“Point mutation is the second type of gene

mutation that happens when a single base pair
is altered. Point mutations can have one of
three effects. First, the base substitution can
be a silent mutation where the altered codon
corresponds to the same amino acid. Second,
the base substitution can be a missense
mutation where the altered codon
corresponds to a different amino acid. Or
third, the base substitution can be a nonsense
mutation where the altered codon
corresponds to a stop signal.”

Frameshift Mutation and Point Mutation

“Frameshift mutations are among the most

deleterious changes to the coding sequence of
a protein. They are extremely likely to lead to
large-scale changes to polypeptide length and
chemical composition, resulting in a non-
functional protein that often disrupts the
biochemical processes of a cell. Frameshift
mutations can lead to a premature end to
translation of the mRNA as well as the
formation of an extended polypeptide. The
amino acid sequences downstream of the
frameshift mutation are also likely to be
chemically distinct from the original
sequence. When such errors occur, the cell
often perceives the lack of functional protein
and tries to compensate by upregulating the
expression of the mutated gene. This can
even overwhelm the translation machinery of
the cell, result in a large number of misfolded
proteins that could eventually lead to large-
scale impairment of all functions or even cell
death. Diseases caused by frameshift
mutations in genes include Crohn’s disease,
cystic fibrosis, and some forms of cancer. On
the other hand, when some proteins become
dysfunctional, they could have a protective
effect, as seen in the resistance to HIV in
people with a chemokine receptor gene
(CCR5) containing a frameshift mutation.
Since frameshift mutations are usually
changes to the genetic material in every cell,
it is rare to find a cure.”

“A point mutation is a type of mutation in

DNA or RNA, the cell’s genetic material, in
which one single nucleotide base is added,
deleted or changed. DNA and RNA are made
up of many nucleotides. There are five
different molecules that can make up
nitrogenous bases on nucleotides: cytosine,
guanine, adenine, thymine (in DNA) and
uracil (in RNA), abbreviated C, G, A, T, and
U respectively. The specific sequence of
 nucleotides encodes all the information for
carrying out all cell processes. In general, a
mutation is when a gene is altered through a
change in DNA structure; this may refer even
to entire sections of chromosomes. A point
mutation is specifically when only one
nucleotide base is changed in some way,
although multiple point mutations can occur
in one strand of DNA or RNA.”

“I will show you a video clip”

“Any clarification?” “The students are watching the

video”
“If none we will proceed.”
“No, Sir”

C. V. Elaborate

“At this point class, let’s proceed in the

difference between frameshift mutation and
point mutation.” “Yes, Sir.”
“What have you notice or difference between
the frameshift mutation and point mutation”
“There are different types of
genetic mutations that can occur
in a cell. Point mutations
involve the replacement of one
base with another. Frame-shift
mutations occur when a base is
“Very Good.” added or removed from the
sequence.”
“Any clarification?”

“And if none we will proceed to our new

“None, sir”
activity.”

C. VI. Extend
Before we proceed with to your quiz class let’s have
another individual activity

Activity: Types of Gene Mutation

Directions: Using the information learned from the

readings above, complete the following statements
and look for the hidden message. Clue: The hidden
message contains either the first or second consonant
and vowel of the answers.

1. Changes to polypeptide length results to

nonfunctional protein that disrupts Answer
______________ processes of the cell. 1. Biochemical
2. DNA or RNA is considered as the cell´s 2. Genetic
___________ material. 3. HIV
3. When some proteins become dysfunctional, they 4. Mutation
could have a protective effect as seen in the 5. Point
resistance to ______ in people. 6. Protein
4. Frameshift ________ can lead to a premature end 7. Cystic
to translation of the mRNA as well as the formation
Hidden Message: BE HAPPY
of an extended polypeptide.
5. A ________ mutation is specifically when only
one nucleotide base is changed in some way.
6. The cell often perceives the lack of functional
_______ and tries to compensate by upregulating
the expression of the mutated gene.
7. Diseases caused by frameshift mutations in genes
include Crohn’s disease, ______ fibrosis, and some
forms of cancer.

HIDDEN MESSAGE:
___________________________________________

“Any clarification”

C. VII. Evaluate “None, Sir”

“Since you done really well on our activity. I
assume that you’re already familiar on the
meaning of gene mutation and what is the
type of gene mutation?”

“Get ¼ cross-wise I will give you a short quiz

if you already know the types of gene
mutation or all of you are listening to our
discussion?”

Essay:

1. What have you learned today?

2. After learning the types of gene mutation
helps me to____________________ “Students answer may vary”

“Assignment Class”

“Study your module in Types of Chromosomal

Mutation.”

“Okay class did you all understand.”

“Okay class that’s all for today. Thank you for

cooperating. To my critique Thank you for “Yes, Sir”
sharing your time. May God bless us all and keep “Yes, Sir”
safe everyone. Goodbye!!!”
 Prepared by:

DENNARD P. LOMUGDANG
STUDENT TEACHER

GISELA E. PADPAD
COOPERATING TEACHER