COURSE OUT LINE

Topics to be covered in this course

◊Introduction to Steel Structures,
◊Design philosophies and design methods,
◊Design of Tension Members,
◊Design of Compression Members and Axially Load Built-up
Columns,
◊Design of Beams (Flexural, Shear and Deflection),
◊Design of Simple Bolted connections,
◊Design of Simple Welded connections,
◊Design of Column Bases.
STRUCTURAL STEEL DESIGN
STRUCTURAL STEEL -MATERIAL
•What is Steel?
•Early uses of Iron and Steel.
•Steel: The Material Facts
•Advantages and Disadvantages of steel as structural
material
•Steel Making process
•Treatments and processes affecting steel properties
•Mechanical properties of Structural Steel
STRUCTURAL STEEL
Early Uses of Structural Steel?
1777-1779: Metal as structural material began with cast
iron in England. An arch bridge with 30 m span, on
Severn river was built using this material.
1780-1820: A number of cast-iron bridges were built
during this period.
1846 -1850: The Britannia Bridge over Menai Strait in
Wales was built.
1840: Wrought iron began replacing cast iron soon.
1855: Development of the Bessemer process, which help
producing steel in large quantities and at cheaper prices.
1989: Steel shapes having yield strength of 165 MPa to
700 MPa were produced
STRUCTURAL STEEL
Properties of Modern Steel.
The properties of steel used can be greatly changed by
varying the quantities of carbon
present and adding other elements such as
Silicon
Nickel
Manganese, and
Copper
A steel having a significant amount of the steel elements
is referred to as an alloy steel.
 STRUCTURAL STEEL
Steel Making Process
 STRUCTURAL STEEL
Steel Making Process
 STRUCTURAL STEEL
Steel Making Process
Most widely used standards for structural materials are American
Society for Testing &Materials (ASTM) Standards.
ASTM specifications for structural steels generally identify
the Process by which steel is to be made, chemical composition,
and tensile requirements.
 The properties of steel can be greatly changed by varying
the quantities of carbon present and adding other elements
such as Silicon, Nickel, Manganese, and Copper
A steel having as significant amount of these
elements are referred to as an alloy steel.
 2STRUCTURAL STEEL
Steel Making Process0
Calcium Oxide (g) + Silica (s) Calcium Silicate (l)
CaO(s) + SiO2(s) CaSiO3 (l)
The metal that leaves the Blast Furnace contains between 4%
and 5% Carbon and is brittle. This carbon and other
impurities are removed in the next step.
Iron (III) Oxide + Carbon Monoxide Iron + Carbon Dioxide
Fe2O3(s) +3 CO(g) 2 Fe(s)+3 CO2(g) (At 1500o C)
Calcium Carbonate Calcium Oxide + Carbon Dioxide
CaCO3(s) CaO(s)+CO2(g)
This oxide helps to remove some of the acidic impurities
from the ore
 STRUCTURAL STEEL
Steel Making Process
Removal of Impurities by Oxidation
The Bessemer process named after
its Inventor Henry Bessemer who in
vented the process in 1855
The key principle is removal of excess
carbon and impurities by injection of
oxygen through molten iron
Oxidizing excess carbon and impurities
also keeps the metal molten.
 STRUCTURAL STEEL
Steel Making Process