Types and components of

computer Systems
Week 3 -Lesson 1
What is a computer?
A computer is an electronic device that executes the instructions in a program.
A computer has four functions:

Input a. accepts data

The Information
Processing Cycle
Processing b. processes data

Output c. produces output

Storage d. stores results

Yr 8 ICT - Week 3 - Computer Systems

 Key words

Hardware Physical parts of the computer: Mouse/keyboard…

Software Programs (instructions) that tell the computer what to do:

Spreadsheet/database/word processing…

Data Raw facts / numbers/text/sound/video…

Information Data which has meaning or put into context that allows us
to understand it.

Yr 8 ICT - Week 3 - Computer Systems

 Types of computers

• Computers for personal use come in all shapes and sizes, from
tiny smartphones to PC (personal computer) towers.

• More specialized models are announced each week - trip planners,

expense account pads, language translators...

• To make things even more interesting, categories are blending together.

• Phones are getting really, really smart.

Yr 8 ICT - Week 3 - Computer Systems

Hardware

Yr 8 ICT - Week 3 - Computer Systems

Yr 8 ICT - Week 3 - Computer Systems
 Processes all data that is inputted into the computer

Yr 8 ICT - Week 3 - Computer Systems

Storage devices & Software
Week 4 – Yr 8
In what stage is the hardware used?
In what stage is the software used?

Yr 8 - Week 4
 Storage devices

A computer storage device is any type of hardware that stores data.

There are two types of storage devices used with
computers:

a primary storage device such as RAM,

and a secondary storage device, such as a hard

drive.

Secondary storage can be removable, internal, or

external.

Yr 8 - Week 4
A storage device is any type of computing hardware that is used for storing,
porting or extracting data files and objects.

Storage devices can hold and store information both temporarily and
permanently.

They may be internal or external to a computer, server or computing device.

Yr 8 - Week 4
Cloud storage

Cloud computing is storing and accessing data or programs through the Internet.

Using cloud computing gives the flexibility of working anywhere where you can get an online connection.

This is in contrast to how data and programs are normally accessed, which is locally through your
computer’s hard drive (or network).

This means being committed to the physical device or network where your work and programs are saved.

Cloud computing is big business.

It requires a solid infrastructure that can deal with the huge amounts of processing needed to make it work
efficiently.

Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)

SaaS is the name given to software that is delivered through the Internet, and usually accessed by a web
browser.
Yr 8 - Week 4
Examples of Saa S include:
•Google Apps
•MailChimp
•Office Online
•Dropbox

Advantages of SaaS:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gu4FYSFeWqg
•Reduction in money and time spent on software upgrades
•Available on any device, anywhere with an Internet connection
Concerns about SaaS:
•Downtime, e.g. planned maintenance schedules (that may not be convenient) or cyber attacks
•The security regarding the transfer of sensitive data over the Internet
•Lack of control over the software, e.g. appearance, scheduled updates etc
•Vendor Lock-In, e.g. is your data exportable to other providers should you wish to change
Yr 8 - Week 4
 Cloud storage Vs Local storage
Task:
1. What is cloud storage?

2. List 3 advantages of using cloud storage?

3. Give 3 reasons why is it sometimes better

to use local storage rather than cloud
storage?

Yr 8 - Week 4
REMEMBER

(Software is data therefore software is used during the processing stage).

Yr 8 - Week 4
Yr 8 - Week 4
Year 8 – Week 6 – Lesson 1

Communication using ICT

Lesson 1
Lesson 1
Lesson 1
Lesson 1
Lesson 1
Lesson 1
Questions:

1. What are the two types of communication?

2. What does paper-based communication mean?

3. What are the advantages of a school producing a paper-based newsletter for their
parents to keep up-to-date on school events and news?

END of Lesson 1
Year 8 – Week 6 – Lesson 2 & 3

Communication using ICT

Recap Questions:

1. What are the two types of communication?

2. What does paper-based communication mean?

Lesson 2
Lesson 2
Lesson 2
Lesson 2
Lesson 2
Lesson 2
Lesson 2
Lesson 2_3
Lesson 2_3
Lesson 2_3
Lesson 2_3
Lesson 2_3
 Questions:

1. What is digital communication?

2. List 3 types of digital communication.

3. What are two advantages of using digital communication?

4. List three features of digital communication which cannot be seen on

paper-based communication.

5. What does Interactive communication mean?

Lesson 2_3
 Year 8 - ICT
Week 10_Lesson 1

Computer Viruses
 Year 8 - ICT
Week 10_Lesson 2

Computer Viruses…cont’d
Recap: Viruses

Use Anti-virus software

Most common types of Malware are:

Viruses –
Viruses are a specific type of malware that self-replicates by inserting
its code into other programs.

The Most Famous Computer Viruses of All Time

•CryptoLocker.
•ILOVEYOU.
•MyDoom.
•Storm Worm.
Keyloggers / Spyware

Keylogging software logs everything that you type.

Keyloggers are activity-monitoring software programs that give

hackers access to your personal data.

They monitor what you type, what website you visit etc.
 Worms

A computer worm is a form of malware, however, unlike its cousin, the

virus, the worm just clones itself continuously. It doesn’t infect or
manipulate files on its own.

How do computer worms spread?

One of the most common ways for computer worms to spread is via email spam (junk
mail).

It is estimated that the infamous ILOVEYOU worm infected about 10 percent of the
world’s internet-connected computers within just 10 days.
 Trojans
As the internet has grown and millions of people are online, so has the development
of other types of malicious software such as 'Trojan software’

A Trojan is an application that appears to do something useful such as a computer

game (which is why you loaded it on to your computer in the first place) but quietly,
behind the scenes it is doing something with ill-intent.

A trojan may:-
•Log all your keystrokes and then send the details to a remote computer. Used to
capture your passwords.

•Allow someone else to take control of your computer whilst you are online.

•Capture screen shots and send them to a remote computer, once again with the intent
of obtaining confidential r sensitive information.
 Ransomware

Ransomware is a type of malware that threatens to publish the victim's personal

data or perpetually block access to it unless a ransom is paid.

Ransomware is often spread through phishing emails that contain malicious

attachments or through drive-by downloading.

Drive-by downloading occurs when a user unknowingly visits an infected website

and then malware is downloaded and installed without the user’s knowledge.
 Year 8 - ICT
Week 10_Lesson 3

Computer Viruses…Preventions
 What is antivirus software?
An antivirus software is a program designed to detect and remove
viruses and other kinds of malicious software from your
computer or laptop.

Remember: Malicious software – also known as malware:

It is a type of software that is intended to harm your computers and

laptops, and the data on them OR hack the user.

Malware is a all-in-one term for any type of malicious software,

regardless of how it works, its intent, or how it's distributed.
 How are viruses transmitted?

Email Attachments File Downloads Contaminated Webpages

Types of jobs antivirus software do

Scanning Files

Removing Infections

Virus Protection

Spyware
 What are the Advantages of Using Antivirus Software?
We know that a virus is any unwanted program that enters a user’s system without their
knowledge.

That viruses can self-replicate and spread.

Viruses performs unwanted and malicious actions that end up affecting the system’s
performance and user’s data/files.

Therefore, we can look at a computer virus as an illness of the computer, just like human
viruses that cause diseases in humans.

Antivirus software works as a preventative measure so that it not only eliminates a

virus but also prevents any potential virus from infecting your computer in the future.
Antivirus software can
scan any storage
media before a user
accesses the files.