Cancer Classification - Carcinoma, Sarcoma, Germ Cell Tumo

Cancers are classified by the type of cell that the tumor resembles and is therefore presumed to be the origin of the tumor. These types include: Carcinoma: Cancer derived from epithelial cells. This group includes many of the most common cancers, including those of the breast, prostate, lung and colon. Sarcoma: Cancer derived from connective tissue, or mesenchymal cells. Lymphoma and leukemia: Cancer derived from hematopoietic (blood-forming) cells Germ cell tumor: Cancer derived from pluripotent cells. In adults these are most often found in the testicle and ovary, but are more common in babies and young children. Blastoma: Cancer derived from immature "precursor" or embryonic tissue. These are also commonest in children. Cancers are usually named using -carcinoma, -sarcoma or -blastoma as a suffix, with the Latin or Greek word for the organ or tissue of origin as the root. For example, a cancer of the liver is called hepatocarcinoma; a cancer of fat cells is called a liposarcoma. For some common cancers, the English organ name is used. For example, the most common type of breast cancer is called ductal carcinoma of the breast. Here, the adjective ductal refers to the appearance of the cancer under the microscope, which suggests that it has originated in the milk ducts. Benign tumors (which are not cancers) are named using -oma as a suffix with the organ name as the root. For example, a benign tumor of smooth muscle cells is called a leiomyoma (the common name of this frequently occurring benign tumor in the uterus is fibroid). Confusingly, some types of cancer also use the -oma suffix, examples including melanoma and seminoma.

Liver Disease - How to Detect if You Have Liver Disease

When you hear something like Liver Disease you tend to think in terms of OMG! Why won't you? The liver is considered to be the largest organ in our body and it performs many functions. It directly or indirectly accounts for growth, immunization, nutrition and reproduction. A liver disease can disrupt any of these vital processes. You can find liver disorder by identifying several symptoms. How to Recognize the Symptoms of Liver Disease

1. See if the patient has discoloration of skin. The skin and eyes acquire a yellowish tinge and the urine turns dark yellow. It is called jaundice and this is considered to be the primary sign of liver disease. 2. Track the patient's diet. Loss of appetite leading to weight loss is indicative of liver dysfunction. The patient may become anemic and have a nauseating feeling. 3. Check for light colored stools as it indicates the beginning of liver disorder. A liver patient may also complain of irritable bowels or irregular bowel movements. 4. Find out if there is distended abdomen. Swelling under the right lower ribs is a common complaint of liver patients. It can put severe pressure on the diaphragm that results in painful breathing. 5. Examine the shape and appearance of the nails. Curved and whitish look of nails also suggests a liver problem. 6. Notice nose bleeding and easy bruises as it shows liver abnormality and deficiency of proteins. 7. Test for polydipsia and polyuria-excessive thirst and frequent urination can occur in case of a liver disease. 8. Frequent headaches, dizziness, spasms, irritability, depression and so on are also indicative of liver problem.