Health and Illness

 Health: a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of
disease
 Illness: the unique response of a person to a disease
 Wellness: an active state, oriented toward maximizing the potential of the individual
: state of well-being

The Human Dimensions of Health

 Physical dimension—genetic inheritance, age, developmental level, race, and gender
 Emotional dimension—how the mind affects body function and responds to body conditions
 Intellectual dimension—cognitive abilities, educational background, and past experiences
 Environmental dimension—housing, sanitation, climate, pollution of air, food, and water
 Sociocultural dimension—economic level, lifestyle, family, and culture
 Spiritual dimension—spiritual beliefs and values

The Human Dimensions Composing the Whole Person

Factors Affecting Health

 Political – one’s leadership, how he rules, manages and how other people concerned are
followed to actively participate in decision-making.
 Environment – the sum of all conditions and elements that make up the surroundings and
influence the health and health practices of clients.
 Economic – the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services and how these
affect health and development; how, and what point, the client enters the health care system.
 Cultural – the representation of nonphysical traits – values, beliefs, attitudes and customs
shared by a group of people and passed from one generation to the next.
 Social – client and care provider relationship.

Interlinking Relationships of Factors Affecting Health

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Health Care Delivery System
 Health Care System is the totality of services offered by all health disciplines.
 Its purpose is to provide care to the ill and injured

Types of Health Care Delivery Services

 Primary prevention – consist of health promotion and illness prevention.
Health Promotion - behavior motivated by the desire to increase well-being and actualize
human health potential
-Pender, Murdaugh, Parsons

Disease Prevention - behavior motivated by a desire to actively avoid illness, detect it early or
maintain functioning within the constraints of illness
-Pender, Murdaugh, Parsons

 Secondary prevention – consist of diagnosis and treatment.

 Tertiary prevention – consist of rehabilitation, health restoration and palliative care.

Types of Health Care Agencies and Services

 Public Health  Rehabilitation Centers
 Physicians’ Offices  Home Health care Agencies
 Ambulatory Care Centers  Day-Care Centers
 Occupational Health Clinics  Rural Care
 Hospitals  Hospice Services
 Sub-acute Care Facilities  Crisis Centers
 Extended Care (long-term) Facilities  Mutual and Self-Help Groups
 Retirement and Assisted Living Centers

Providers of Health Care

 Nurse  Physician
 Alternative (complementary)care  Physician assistant
provider  Podiatrist
 Case manager  Respiratory therapist
 Dentist  Social worker
 Dietician or nutritionist  Spiritual support personnel
 Occupational therapist  Unlicensed assistive personnel
 Paramedical team

Factors Affecting Health Care Delivery

 Increasing number of older adults  Access to health insurance
 Advances in technology  The homeless and the poor
 Economics  Health insurance portability and
 Women’s health accountability act
 Uneven distribution of services  Demographic change