Middle childhood

THE PRIMARY
SCHOOL
GROUP 6
Objectives : in the end of Discussion you should be able to know and understand :

Describe the different physical characteristics of

early school aged on the children in your own
words.
Ennumerate ideas on how you apply the concepts in
this module in the teaching learning process.
Disscuss several ways on how to encourage an age
approriate active and the physical lifestyle to
primary school children.
PHYSICAL GROWTH DURING SCHOOL YEARS
IS SLOW BUT STEADY DURING THIS STAGE
THE PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT INVOLVES:
1.Having good muscle control and coordination.
2.Developing eye hand coordination.
3.Having good personal hygine.
4.Being aware of good safety.
Primary school age Children get fatiqued more easily Because of
the physical and mental exertions both home and school , hence
activities should be altered between strenous one and relaxing or
quiet activities.
Height and Weight
This period of gradual and study growth of body will give the
children time to get used to changes their bodies.

Weight Gain
Arranges about 6.5 pounds a year most children time to get used to
changes have slimmer apperance compared to their Pre-school years
because of the shifts in accumulation and location of their personal
years beacuse of the years because of the shifts in accumulation and
location of tehir body fat altough girls tend to develop fat cells relative
to mucles cells.
THE FACTORS THAT CAN INDICATE HOW MUCH CHILD
GIVES OR HOW MUCH CHANGES IN THE BIDIY WILL
TAKE PLACE :
Genes
Food
Climate.
Exercise.
Medical conditions.
Diseases Illness.
BONES AND MUSCLE
Childhood and years are to peak bone year bones grow longer and broader
bone and muscle growth are still not complete during this stage most
activities which use heavy pressure will be very difficult for frowing bones
mucles , ligaments.

MOTOR DEVELOPMENT
Young school aged children are gaining control or the major muscle
of their bodies , most children have good sense of Balance.
PERFORMING UNIMANUAL
Required the use of one hand.

BI - MANUAL
Required using two hands .
COORDINATION
Is a series of movements organized and tiimed to occur a particular way
to bring about a particular result . ( Stickland 2000)

BALANCE
Is the child's ability to maintain the Equilibrium or stability of his/her body in
Different posistion.

DYNAMIC BALANCE
Is the ability to maintain Equilibrium while moving. ( Owens , 2003)

SPEED
Is the ability to cover a great Distance in the shortest possible time.
 POWER
Is the ability to perform a maximum effort in the shortest possible
period.
Here are some motor miles stones in primary school
age children :
FINE MOTOR SKILLS
Zip zippers and lace shoes.
Able to learn piano or violin
Control Pencil with finger and thumb movement comes from the elbow.
Write down with more control but writing looks happy and uneven letters
are getiting smaller uppercase letters are getting somewhat mastered , but
the lowercase continue to be challenging through 3rd grade , especially
letters with slants and curves.
GROSS MOTOR SKILLS
Hop
Skip on ltering feet
Jump rope
walk on balance beam
Throwing , Catching , and kicking becomes smoother.
Begin to participate in Organized games e.g. organized hopcotch and
sports like basketball.
Skate, ski, Bike, and other specialized skills with training .
 SOME ISSUES AFFCETING PHYSICAL
DEVELOPMENT
OBESITY
This is becoming a major concern for parents and health care providers
since it becomes a trend.

CHILDHOOD AND MALNUTRITION

Malnutrition remains a major health issue in the Philipines this has been
proven to have a serious effect on the physical and mental development
for children

SLEEP
Poor and indequate sleep may result to mood swings , Behavioural problems such
as hyper activity as a cognitive probelems which may impact their ability to
concentrate in school.
IMPLICATIONS TO CHILD CARE,EDUCATION AND
PARENTING
There are two major ways to help primary school age to be able physically healthy
specifically , healthcare providers , teachers and parents must do the following :

Encourage the children to join and enroll them in the relate

programms during summer or their free time.
Advocate better nutrituion in foods provided in the school canteen by
providing healthier options and acessible healthier products.
Create an exercise plan for children , mot only does it promotes motor
skills but it also improves strength and edurance , builds healthy
bones and modes and also increases positive emotions.
Maintain a daily sleep schedule and consistent bedtime routine.
Make Children's Bedroom condusive for peaceful sleep.
 MODULE 19
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT OF PRIMARY SCHOOLERS

In the end of this module you'll be able to :

Describe the characteristics of children in the concrete operational
stage.
Explain how the importance of information processing skills and how it
affect the childs cognitive milestones in primary schoolers.
JEAN PIGET
Jean piget's is the foremost theorist on the pigest's theory of cognitive
development according to him, intelligence is the basic mechanism of ensuring
the balance of the relations between the person and the environment .

Jean piget- the foremost theorist on the cognitive development according to him ,
intillegence is the basic mechanism of ensuring the balance of relations between the
person and the environment .

JEAN PIGET'S CONCRETE OPERATIONAL

Concrete operation is the theird stage in piget's theory of cognitive
development it's spans from the age of 7 to approximately 17 yrs old.

LOGIC
Concrete operational thinkers , according to piget it can already use from
inductive logic .
INDUCTIVE LOGIC
involves thinking from a specific experienece to general
principle.

DEDUCTIVE LOGIC
Beginning with general principle leading to specific.

RESERSABILITY
is the most important developments in this stage and understanding
of reveribility or awareness that actions can be reversed.

COGNITIVE MILESTONES
This stage when they leave behind egocentric thinking and start to
develop a more nature way of looking at things which greatly enhances
children's problem solving skills.
SEQUENTIAL MANNER
they need to understand the numbers before they can perform
mathematical equation.

INFORMATION PROCESSING SKILLS

There are several theories argue that the computer and the human mind is a
system that can process an information than the applications of logical rules
strategies .
Parents ,child care providers and teachers
should be able to recognize these by:

Helping children draw on their strengths and promote growth in their

weakness.
Planning lessons that cater to multiple inttiligence based on instructional
objectives.
Encouraging children to read more everyday to increase their vocabulary.
Bringing children to museums ,art exhibitsand historical landmarks to
widen their perspective about the world and people.
lessening children's screetime and increasing their personal and face to
face interactions.
 MODULE 19
SOCIO-EMOTIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
What is Socio-emotional Development?
• A healthsocial-emotional developmentin young children as early
childhood mental health.

• Health social-emotional development includes the ability to:

▫ Form and sustain a positive relationships
▫ Experience, manage, and express emotions
BY AVERY DAVIS
Socio-emotional Development
The developmental theorist of Erik Erickson, formulated eight stages of
man’s psychological development.Eachstageisregardedasa “psychological
crisis” which arise and demands resolution before the next could be
achieved.
• Primary children belong to the fourth stage of Erickson’s psychological
stage. Children have to resolve issue onIndustry vs. Inferiority
 Erik Erickson’s Fourth Stage of
Psychosocial Development
▫
• Industry vs. Inferiority during the elementary school stage (age of 6-
12 years old)
▫ the adolescent strives for a sense of competence and self-esteem

Children begin to compare themselves with their peers to see how they
measure up. They either develop a sense of pride and accomplishment in
their schoolwork, sports, social activities, and family life, or they feel
inferior and inadequate because they feel that they don’t measure up. If
children do not learn to get along with others or have negative
experiences at home or with peers, an inferiority complex might develop
into adolescenceand adulthood
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