BF]NQFD ]ODKFL_B_FD

HD@OQ[HBH[FZ

Khfcugfd udtug ioiodulh tuefs gobnipng iftf gubhfl Goporfwftfd Iftordhtfs

HH yfde khfipu nbol3
Hau Bhbhg ]rfthwh Z.Gop.,I.Gi
Z.Gop.,I.Gi

Khsusud nbol3
Znphyfl Durwfth DHI. 65=566=;=
65 Goporfwftfd F

]QNKH Z6 HBI_ GO]OQFUF[FD

@FG_B[FZ HBI_ GOZOLF[FD
_DHPOQZH[FZ I_LFIIFKHXFL JHQOAND

1=68
 PHZH KFD IHZH
@FG_B[FZ HBI_ GOZOLF[FD

PHZH

@fgubtfs Hbiu Gosflftfd _dhvorshtfs Iulfiifkhyfl Jhroand fkfbfl “iodcfkh

`fgubtfs hbiu gosolftfd udeeubfd
udeeubfd kfbfi iodyhfpgfd sfrcfdf kh ahkfde gosolftfd
yfde hsbfih, prn`oshndfb, kfd ifdkhrh kh ahkfde gosolftfd gniudhtfs‘.

IHZH
Ihsh @fgubtfs Hbiu Gosolftfd Fkfbfl 3
6. Iobfgsf
Iobfgsfdfg
dfgfd
fd Jftur-
Jftur-Klf
Klfrif
rif ]oreuruf
]oreurufdd [hdeeh
[hdeeh Iulfiifk
Iulfiifkhyf
hyfl
l kfbfi
kfbfi aodtug
aodtug
podkhkhgfd kfd podefcfrfd aorafshs dhbfh gohsbfifd.
1. Iobfgsfdfgfd
Iobfgsfdfgfd aorafefh
aorafefh goehftfd
goehftfd hbihfl
hbihfl aortoif
aortoif gosolftfd
gosolftfd kfd
kfd hbiu goporfw
goporfwftfd
ftfd
gniudhtfs
:. Iodcf
Iodcfbh
bhd
d go
gorc
rcfsf
fsfif
if thdegf
thdegftt df
dfshn
shndf
dfbb ifup
ifupud
ud hd
hdto
tord
rdfs
fshn
hndf
dfbb yf
yfde
de aortu
aortucu
cufd
fd
iodhdegftfd gnipotodsh bubusfd.

[_C_FD
6. Iodelfshbgf
Iodelfshbgfd
d gfkor
gfkor Iulfiifkh
Iulfiifkhyfl
yfl aorfglbfgtub
aorfglbfgtub gfrhifl
gfrhifl kfd
kfd aorifd`
aorifd`fft
fft afeh
afeh
ifsyfrfgft
1. [orwucukdy
[orwucukdyff podobhthfd
podobhthfd kfbfi ahkfde
ahkfde gosolftfd
gosolftfd kfd
kfd hbiu goporfwf
goporfwftfd
tfd solhdeef
solhdeef
ifipu iodhdegftgfd pobfyfdfd khahkfde gniudhtfs
:. [orwuc
[orwucukd
ukdyf
yf podefa
podefakhf
khfd
d gopfkf
gopfkf ifsyfrfgf
ifsyfrfgftt solhde
solhdeef
ef ifipu
ifipu iodhde
iodhdegft
gftgfd
gfd
tfrf` gosolftfd ifsyfrfgft
;. [orbfgsfdfdy
[orbfgsfdfdyff goehftfd
goehftfd soihdfr, shipnshu
shipnshui,
i, wnrgslnp,
wnrgslnp, ftfu
ftfu toiu hbihfl
hbihfl aorafshs
aorafshs
gosolftfd gniudhtfs afhg bngfb, dfshndfb,
dfs hndfb, ifupud hdtordfshndfb
?. [orwuc
[orwucukd
ukdyf
yf gorcfsf
gorcfsfif
if thdeg
thdegft
ft dfshnd
dfshndfb
fb ifupud
ifupud hdtordfsh
hdtordfshnd
ndfb
fb kodefd
kodefd aorafefh
aorafefh
hdshtush kfbfi upfyf iodhdegftgfd gnipodtodsh bubusfd @fgubtfs Hbiu gosolftfd.
 PHZH KFD IHZH
]QNEQFI Z[_KH HBI_ GO]OQFUF[FD KFD
]QNEQFI ]QN@OZH DOQZ

PHZH
Iodcfkh prnerfi stukh hbiu goporfwftfd kfd dors yfde hsbfih, prn`oshndfb, kfd
ifdkhrh kh ahkfde goporfwftfd gniudhtfs thdegft Dfshndfb pfkf tflud 1=11.

IHZH
6. Iodyobodee
Iodyobodeefrfgfd
frfgfd podkhk
podkhkhgfd
hgfd sfrcfdf
sfrcfdf kfd prn`osh
prn`osh goporfwf
goporfwftfd
tfd yfde
yfde hsbfih sosufh
sosufh
jftur klfrif podkhkhgfd thdeeh iulfiifkhyfl
1. Iodyobodee
Iodyobodeefrfgfd
frfgfd goehftfd
goehftfd hbihfl
hbihfl goporfwf
goporfwftfd
tfd thdegft
thdegft dfshndfb
dfshndfb
:. Ioiafd
Ioiafdeud
eud gorcfsfi
gorcfsfiff kodefd
kodefd aorafefh
aorafefh phlfg kfbfi iodhdegf
iodhdegftgf
tgfd
d gnipot
gnipotods
odshh
goporfwftfd

[_C_FD
6. Iodelfshbgf
Iodelfshbgfd
d bubusfd
bubusfd yfde aorgni
aorgnipotod
potod kfd
kfd hsbfih
hsbfih kh ahkfde
ahkfde goporfwftf
goporfwftfd
d
1. Iodelfshbgf
Iodelfshbgfd
d podobhthfd
podobhthfd yfde
yfde aorgufb
aorgufbhtfss
htfss kfbfi
kfbfi ahkfde
ahkfde goporfwf
goporfwftfd
tfd
:. [orsobo
[orsobodee
deefrfd
frfdyf
yf podefa
podefakhf
khfd
d gopfkf
gopfkf ifsyfrfg
ifsyfrfgft
ft sojfrf
sojfrf aorshd
aorshdfia
fiaud
udefd
efd kfbfi
kfbfi
ahkfde goporfwftfd
;. [orso
[orsobo
bode
deer
erfd
fdyf
yf go
goeh
ehft
ftfd
fd hbih
hbihfl
fl yf
yfde
de iodk
iodknr
nrnd
nde
e po
podh
dhde
degf
gftf
tfd
d gn
gnip
ipot
otod
odsh
sh
goporfwftfd thdegft dfshnfdb aorupf soihdfr, wnrgslnp, ifupud shipnshui
?. [ora
[orahd
hdfd
fdyf
yf gorc
gorcfs
fsfi
fiff dfsh
dfshnd
ndfb
fb ifup
ifupud
ud hd
hdto
tord
rdfs
fshn
hndf
dfbb eu
eudf
df iodh
iodhde
degf
gftg
tgfd
fd

gnipotodsh busbusfd kh ahkfde goporfwftfd.

 GF[F ]ODEFD[FQ

Zoefbf puch afeh fbbfl swt yfde tobfl ioiaorhgfd gfih goiukflfd solhdeef

kfpft iodyobosfhgfd bfpnrfd pfdkflub

pfdkflubufd
ufd hdh. Zlnbfwft sortf sfbfi soine
soineff sobfbu
torjurflgfd gopfkf cudcudefd ghtf Dfah Iulfiifk ZFU aorsortf gobufref,
solhdee sfyf kfpft
kfpft iodyusud Bfpnrfd ]odkflubufd kodefd aorcukub
aorcukub
‒Hd`orthbh
‒Hd`o rthbhtfs’,
tfs’, yfde sfyf sfchgfd aorkfsfrgfd podefiftfd
podefiftfd suiaor.
suiaor. ]odubhsfd
iodyfkfrh aflwf kfbfi podubhsfd
podubhsfd hdh ifshl cful kfrh gosoipurdffd nbol gfrodf
htu grhthg kfd sfrfd yfde aorsh`ft ioiafdeud soifdeft khlfrfpgfd koih
gosoipurffd kfbfi podubhsfd sobfdcutdyf.
Koihghfd yfde kfpft sfyf sfipfhgfd, soinef aorifd`fft afeh pfrf
poiafjf.
poiafjf. Zfyf
Zfyf iodel
iodelfrffpg
frffpgfd
fd grhthg
grhthg kfd
kfd sfrfd
sfrfd torlfkf
torlfkfp
p Bfpnrfd
Bfpnrfd podkf
podkflubu
lubufd
fd hdh
hdh

fefr gokopfddyf kfpft sfyf porafhgh.

Jhroand, Cudh 1=68

 KF@[FQ HZH

Phsh Kfd Ihsh @fgubtfs Hbiu Gosolftfd

Phsh Kfd Ihsh ]rnerfi Ztukh Hbiu Goporfwftfd Kfd ]rnerfi ]rn`osh Dors

GF[F ]ODEFD[FQ
KF@[FQ HZH

AFA H 3 ]ODKFL_B_FD
F. Bftfr Aobfgfde
A. Quiusfd Ifsfbfl
J. [ucufd

AFA HH 3 ]OIAFLFZFD

F. ]odeorthfd HHd
d`orthbhtfs
A. Ophkoihnbneh Hd`orthbhtfs
J. Gbfsh`hgfsh Hd`
Hd`orthbhtfs
K. Othn
Othnbn
bneh
eh Kfd
Kfd @fg
@fgtn
tnr-
r-@f
@fgt
gtnr
nr Qosh
Qoshgn
gn Hd
Hd`o
`ort
rthb
hbht
htfs
fs
O. ]ftlwfy Hd`orthbhtfs
@. [fd
[fdkf Eocf
Eocfbf
bf / Iod
Iodh`
h`ot
otfs
fshh Gbh
Gbhd
dhs Hd`o
Hd`ort
rthb
hbht
htfs
fs
E. Gnipbhgfs
fshh ]od
]odyfght HHd
d`orthbhtfs
L. ]odjoeflfd Hd
Hd`orthbhtfs
H. ]odftfbfgsfdffd Iokhs Hd`o
`orrthbhtfs
C. Kh
Khfe
fedn
dnsf
sf Gop
Gopor
orfw
fwft
ftfd
fd Xfd
Xfde
e Iud
Iudeg
eghd
hd Iud
Iudju
jubb [ucu
[ucufd
fd Hd`
Hd`or
orth
thbh
bhtf
tfss
G. Hdtorvodsh Hd`
Hd`orthbhtfs

AFA HHH 3 ]OD_[_]

F. Goshipubfd.
Goshipubfd......
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..............
..................
.............
....
A. Zfrfd......
Zfrfd...........
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
...............
...................
..................
.........

KF@[FQ ]_Z[FGF
 AFA H
]ODKFL_B_FD

F. Bftf
Bftfrr Aob
Aobfg
fgfd
fdee
Hd`orthbhtfs
Hd`orthbhtfs iorupfgfd suftu porifsfbflfd
porifsfbflfd yfde jugup
jugup bfif kfbfi kudhf
kudhf
gokngtorfd.
gokngtorfd. Dfiud sfipfh
sfipfh sfft hdh hbiu gokngtorfd
gokngtorfd afru aorlfshb
aorlfshb iodnbnde
iodnbnde ¶
?=% pfsfde
pfsfdefd
fd hd`ort
hd`orthbh
hbhbhtf
bhtfss udtug
udtug ioipor
ioipornbo
nbol
l fdfg.
fdfg. Kh ifsyfr
ifsyfrfgf
fgftt gfkfde
gfkfde
hd`orthbhtfs kh sfbfl frthgfd soafefh gothkfgifipufd iutbfg udtug ioihbhgh fdfg
ftfu ’goifdkubfd’ pfkf godyftffddyf khahkfde roprnkugsh, hd`orthbhtfs khfrthgfd
soafe
soafefh
fh go
gogu
gurf
rfde
deif
ifip
ipuf
ufd
d pf
pfsfd
sfdef
efd
d ud
udtu
tug
g iode
iodelf
lfsh
shbg
bgfd
fd go
gotu
turu
rudf
dfd,
d, cf
cfkh
kh
augfdbfl gothkfgifipufd iutbfg udtug
udtug ioihbhgh goturudfd.
Iodurut jftftfd ULN, khgotfluh podyoafa hd`orthbhtfs pfkf poroipufd kh

fdtfrfdyf, fkfbfl3 `fgtnrtuaf `fbbnphh (sfburfd tobur) :0%, efdeeufd nvubfsh ::%,
odkniotrhnshs :=%, kfd lfb bfhd yfde thkfg khgotfluh soghtfr 10%. Lfb hdh aorfrth
soafehfd aosfr ifsfbfl hd`orthbhtfs pfkf poroipufd khsoafagfd nbol efdeeufd
pfkf nrefd roprnkugsh ftfu gfrodf efdeeufd prnsos nvubfsh.
Kh Hdkndoshf torkfpft soghtfr thef cutf pfsfdefd sufih hstrh yfde thkfg
ioipudyfh fdfg kfd khgftfgfd soafefh pfsfdefd yfde iodefbfih goifdkubfd
ftfu hd`orthbhtfs. Zoafehfd aosfr pfsfdefd sufih hstrh aorphghr aflwf iorogf fgfd
iukfl
iukfl ioipor
ioipornbo
nbol
l fdfg.
fdfg. Zoaotu
Zoaotubdy
bdyff 6 khfdtf
khfdtfrf
rf 6= pfsfde
pfsfde fgfd
fgfd iodefb
iodefbfih
fih
lfiaftfd udtug ioipudyfh fdfg. Zoghtfr ;= % gfsus hd`orthbhtfs khsoafagfd nbol

goifdkubf
goifdk ubfd
d wfdhtf
wfdhtf,, := % khsoaf
khsoafagf
agfd
d nbol
nbol goifdk
goifdkubf
ubfd
d prhf
prhf kfd :=% nbol
nbol
gokufdyf.

A. Quiu
Quiusf
sfd
d Ifsf
Ifsfbf
bfl
l
6. Fpf ]odeor
]odeorthf
thfd
d Kfrh
Kfrh Hd`o
Hd`orth
rthbht
bhtfs
fs >
1. Afefhi
Afefhifdf
fdf Ophko
Ophkoihn
ihnbne
bnehh Kfrh Hd`ort
Hd`orthbht
hbhtfs
fs >
:. Afefhi
Afefhifdf
fdf Gbfsh
Gbfsh`hg
`hgfsh
fsh Kfrh
Kfrh Hd`or
Hd`orthb
thbhtfs
htfs >
;. Afefhifdf
Afefhifdf Othnbn
Othnbneh
eh Kfd @fgtnr-@fgt
@fgtnr-@fgtnr
nr Qoshgn
Qoshgn Kfrh Hd`orthbh
Hd`orthbhtfs
tfs >
?. Afefhi
Afefhifdf
fdf ]ftlwf
]ftlwfy
y Kfrh
Kfrh Hd`o
Hd`orth
rthbhtf
bhtfss >

0. Afefhifdf
Afefhifdf [fdkf
[fdkf Eocfbf
Eocfbf / Iodh`ot
Iodh`otfsh
fsh Gbhdhs
Gbhdhs Kfrh
Kfrh Hd`orthbht
Hd`orthbhtfs
fs >
 5. Afefhi
Afefhifdf
fdf Gnipbh
Gnipbhgfs
gfshh ]odyfgh
]odyfghtt Kfrh Hd`ort
Hd`orthbh
hbhtfs
tfs >
<. Afefhi
Afefhifdf
fdf Kfrh
Kfrh ]odj
]odjoef
oeflfd
lfd Hd`o
Hd`orthb
rthbhtfs
htfs >
8. Afefhi
Afefhifdf
fdf Kfrh
Kfrh ]odftfb
]odftfbfgs
fgsfdff
fdffd
d Iokhs
Iokhs Hd`orthb
Hd`orthbhtfs
htfs >

6=. Afefhi
Afefhifdffdf Kfrh
Kfrh Khfedn
Khfednsf
sf Goporf
Goporfwft
wftfd
fd Xfde
Xfde Iudegh
Iudeghd
d Iudjub
Iudjub [ucufd
[ucufd
Hd`orthbhtfs >
66. Afefhifdf
Afefhifdf Kfrh Hdtorvodsh
Hdtorvodsh Hd`orthbhtfs
Hd`orthbhtfs >

J. [ucufd
6. _dtug
_dtug Iodeot
Iodeotfluh
fluh Fpf ]odeorthfd
]odeorthfd Kfrh Hd`orthbhtfs
Hd`orthbhtfs
1. _dtug
_dtug Iodeotflu
Iodeotfluhh Afefhifd
Afefhifdff Ophkoihn
Ophkoihnbneh
bneh Kfrh Hd`orth
Hd`orthbhtfs
bhtfs
:. _dtug
_dtug Iodeotf
Iodeotfluh
luh Afefhifdf
Afefhifdf Gbfsh`hg
Gbfsh`hgfsh
fsh Kfrh
Kfrh Hd`orthbhtfs
Hd`orthbhtfs
;. _dtu
_dtug
g Iode
Iodeot
otfl
fluh
uh Afef
Afefhi
hifd
fdff Othn
Othnbn
bneh
eh Kfd
Kfd @f
@fgt
gtnr
nr-@
-@fg
fgtn
tnrr Qosh
Qoshgn
gn Kfrh
Kfrh

Hd`orthbhtfs
?. _dtug
_dtug Iodeotf
Iodeotfluh
luh Afefhifdf
Afefhifdf ]ftlwf
]ftlwfy
y Kfrh
Kfrh Hd`orthb
Hd`orthbhtfs
htfs
0. _dtu
_dtug
g Iode
Iodeot
otfl
fluh
uh Afef
Afefhi
hifd
fdff [fdk
[fdkff Eocf
Eocfbf
bf / Iodh
Iodh`o
`otf
tfsh
sh Gb
Gbhd
hdhs
hs Kfrh
Kfrh
Hd`orthbhtfs
5. _dtug
_dtug Iodeotflu
Iodeotfluhh Afefhifdf
Afefhifdf Gnipbhg
Gnipbhgfsh
fsh ]odyfght
]odyfght Kfrh
Kfrh Hd`orthbhtf
Hd`orthbhtfss
<. _dtug
_dtug Iodeotflu
Iodeotfluhh Afefhifd
Afefhifdff ]odjoeflf
]odjoeflfd
d Kfrh
Kfrh Hd`orthbht
Hd`orthbhtfs
fs
8. _dtug
_dtug Iodeotflu
Iodeotfluhh Afefhifdf
Afefhifdf ]odftfbf
]odftfbfgsfdff
gsfdffd
d Iokhs Kfrh Hd`orthbh
Hd`orthbhtfs
tfs
6=
6=.. _dtu
_dtug
g Iode
Iodeot
otfl
fluh
uh Afef
Afefhi
hifd
fdff Kh
Khfe
fedn
dnsf
sf Gopo
Goporfw
rfwft
ftfd
fd Xfde
Xfde Iude
Iudegh
ghd
d
Iudjub [ucufd Kfrh Hd`orthbhtfs

66. _dtug Iodeotfluh Afefhifdf Hdtorvodsh Kfrh Hd`orthbhtfs

 AFA HH
]OIAFLFZFD

F. ]odeor
]odeorthf
thfd
d Hd`or
Hd`orthb
thbhtf
htfss
Hd`orthbhtfs fkfbfl thkfg torcfkhdyf golfihbfd sotobfl iodhgfl 6 tflud ftfu
boahl
boahl kodefd
kodefd jftftf
jftftfd
d pfsfde
pfsfdefd
fd torsoa
torsoaut
ut iobfgu
iobfgugfd
gfd luaude
luaudefd
fd sogsuf
sogsufbb sojfrf
sojfrf
torftur tfdpf fkfdyf poifgfhfd gndtrfsopsh.
Hd`ort
Hd`orthbht
hbhtfs
fs fkfbfl
fkfbfl gothkf
gothkfgif
gifipu
ipufd
fd udtug
udtug lfihb
lfihb sotobfl
sotobfl sogurf
sogurfde-
de-
gurfdedyf sftu tflud aorluaudefd sogsufb sokhghtdyf oipft gfbh soihdeeu tfdpf
gndtrfsopsh
gndtrfsopsh (Lo``dor & sjlust,
sjlust, 1==< ). Fkfpubf
Fkfpubf podeorthfd bfhd yfhtu, hd`orthbhtfs
hd`orthbhtfs
fk
fkfb
fbfl
fl ahbf
ahbf pf
pfsfd
sfdef
efd
d sufi
sufihh hst
hstrh
rh,, sotob
sotobfl
fl ao
aorso
rsoef
efif
if so
sojf
jfrf
rf to
torf
rftu
turr 1-
1-:
: gf
gfbh
bh
soihde
soihdeeu,
eu, tfipf
tfipf ioifgf
ioifgfhh iotnko
iotnko podjoe
podjoeflf
flfd
d aobui
aobui iodefb
iodefbfih
fih golfih
golfihbfd
bfd

sobfif sftu tflud (susfdtlf, 1==<).

Iodurut kngtor flbh roprnkugsh, sopfsfde sufih hstrh khgftfgfd hd`orthb chgf
thkfg lfihb sotobfl 61 aubfd iobfgugfd luaudefd hdthi sojfrf ruthd (6-: gfbh
soihdeeu) kfd aoafs gndtrfsopsh ahbf poroipufd aoruiur gurfde kfrh :; tflud.
[hkfg lfihb
lfihb sotobfl odfi aubfd iobfgugfd
iobfgugfd luaudefd
luaudefd hdthi
hdthi sojfrf ruthd kfbfi
gurud 6-: gfbh soihdeeu kfd aoafs gndtrfsopsh ahbf poroipufd aoruiur boahl kfrh
:? tflud sortf poroipufd yfde ahsf lfihb dfiud thkfg sfipfh iobflhrgfd sosufh
ifsfdyff (:5-;1
ifsfdy (:5-;1 ihdeeu).
ihdeeu). ]fkf kfsfrdyf hd`orthbhtfs
hd`orthbhtfs fkfbfl gothkfg ifipufd
sojfrf ahnbnehs kfrh sonrfde
s onrfde bfgh-bfgh ftfu soprfde poroipufd udtug iodelfshbgfd

goturudfd.

A. Ophko
Ophkoihn
ihnbne
bnehh Hd`ort
Hd`orthbh
hbhtfs
tfs
Kh
Khpo
porg
rghr
hrfg
fgfd
fd <?-8
<?-8=%
=% pfsf
pfsfde
defd
fd yf
yfde
de iodh
iodhgf
gfl
l kf
kfbf
bfi
i sf
sftu
tu tf
tflu
lud
d
pordhgflfddyf fgfd iodcfkh lfihb, khifdf 6=-6? % pfsfdefd torsoautfgfd
iodefbfih gosubhtfd udtug iodcfkh lfihb kfd iorogf hdh bfl yfde khsoaut soafefh
pfsfdefd hd`orthb. ]rovfbodsh hd`orthbhtfs yfde topft thkfg khgotfluh kodefd pfsth,
sfdeft aorvfrhfsh torefdtude gofkffd eonerf`hs, aukfyf kfd stftus snshfb doefrf
torsoaut.
 Kh Fiorhgf sorhgft porsodtfso
porsodtfso wfdhtf hd`orthb iodhdegft
iodhdegft kfrh <,; % pfkf
tflud
tflud 68
68<1
<1 kfd 68<<
68<< ioduru
iodurutt Dfthnd
Dfthndfb
fb Zurvoy
Zurvoy n` @fihby
@fihby Ernwtl
Ernwtl (DZ@E)
(DZ@E)
iodcfkh 6=,1 % (0,1 cutf) pfkf tflud 688?. Iodurut podobhthfd Ztoplod kfd

Jlfdkr
Jlfd krff khpo
khporg
rghr
hrfg
fgfd
fd 0,:
0,: cutf
cutf wfdh
wfdhtftf kh Fior
Fiorhghgff iodc
iodcfk
fkhh hd
hd`o
`ort
rthb
hb kf
kfd
d
khporghrfgfd fgfd iodhdegft iodcfkh ?,;-5,5 cutf pfkf tflud 1=1?.
Kfbfi
Kfbfi suftu
suftu stukh
stukh pnpubf
pnpubfsh
sh kfrh
kfrh tflud
tflud 1==8-1
1==8-1=61
=61 khporg
khporghrfg
hrfgfd
fd fgfd
fgfd
torkfpft 61-1; % wfdhtf hd`orthb. Fb Fgnur kgg iobfpnrgfd 6?? (;0,:%) wfdhtf
kodefd hd`orthbhtfs prhior kfd 6<= (?:,5%) wfdhtf kodefd hd`orthbhtfs sogudkor. Kh
Guwfht, Niiu kfd Niu18 iobfpnrgfd kftf hd`orthbtfs prhior 0?,5% kfd :;,: %
wfdhtf kodefd hd`orthbhtfs sogudkor. Kh Afdebfkos, Fgltor kgg:= kfrh :6<; wfdhtf
hd
hd`o
`orth
rthb,
b, 06
06,8
,8 % wfdh
wfdhtf
tf ko
kode
defd
fd hd
hd`or
`orth
thbht
bhtfs
fs pr
prhi
hior
or kf
kfd
d :< % wfdh
wfdhtf
tf ko
kode
defd
fd
hd`orthbhtfs sogudkor.

J. Gbfs
Gbfsh`
h`hg
hgfs
fshh
Hd`orthbhtfs torkhrh kfrh 1 ifjfi, yfhtu 3
6. Hd`or
Hd`orth
thbht
bhtfs
fs pr
prhi
hior
or yf
yfht
htu
u chgf
chgf po
poro
roip
ipuf
ufd
d ao
aobu
bui
i ao
aorl
rlfsh
fshbb lf
lfih
ihbb wfbf
wfbfup
upud
ud
aorsodeefif torftur kfd khlfkfpgfd gopfkf goiudeghdfd golfihbfd sobfif
61 aubfd aorturut-turut.
1. Hd`orthbhtfs
Hd`orthbhtfs sogudkor
sogudkor yfhtu
yfhtu Khsoau
Khsoautt hd`orthbht
hd`orthbhtfs
fs sogudkor
sogudkor chgf poroipufd
poroipufd podfl
lfihb, fgfd totfph goiukhfd
goiukhfd thkfg aorlfshb lfihb
lfihb bfeh wfbfupud aorsodeefif
torftu
torfturr kfd khlfkf
khlfkfpg
pgfd
fd gopfkf
gopfkf goiude
goiudeghd
ghdfd
fd golfih
golfihbfd
bfd sobfif
sobfif 61 aubfd
aubfd

aorturut- turut.

K. Othnbneh
Othnbneh Kfd
Kfd @fgtnr-
@fgtnr-@fgt
@fgtnr
nr Qoshgn
Qoshgn
6. @fgtnr-`fgtnr Hd`orthbhtfs pfkf poroipufd (Hstrh) 3
f. @fg
@fgtn
tnrr pod
pody
yfght
fght
 Odkniotrhnshs fkfbfl cfrhdefd odkniotrhui yfde soiosthdyf aorfkf
kh bfphsfd pfbhde kfbfi rflhi (bfphsfd odkniotrhui) torbotfg kfd
tuiaul kh toipft bfhd. Odkniotrhnshs ahsf torbotfg kh bfphsfd todefl
khdkhde rflhi (bfp
fphhsf
sfd
d iyniotrhui) yfde khsoaut cuef

fkodniynshs, ftfu ahsf cuef torbotfg kh hdkude tobur, sfburfd tobur,

 ftfu
ftfu aflg
aflgfd
fd kfbf
kfbfi
i rn
rnde
deef
ef po
poru
rut.
t. Eocf
Eocfbf
bf uiui
uiui po
pody
dyfg
fght
ht
od
odkn
knio
iotr
trhn
hnsh
shss fk
fkfbf
fbfl
l dy
dyor
orhh yf
yfde
de sfdef
sfdeftt pf
pfkf
kf kf
kforf
orfl
l pf
pfde
deeu
eubb
torutfif pfkf sfft lfhk kfd aorluaudefd hdthi, sortf -todtu sfcf-

hd`orthbhtfs.
 Hd
Hd`og
`ogsh
sh ]fde
]fdeeu
eubb fk
fkfb
fbfl
fl suft
suftu
u gu
guip
ipub
ubfd
fd po
pody
dyfg
fght
ht pf
pfkf
kf sf
sfbu
burf
rfd
d
roprnkugsh wfdhtf afehfd ftfs, iobhputh rfkfde pfkf rflhi, sfburfd
tobur, hdkude tobur, ftfu khdkhde kfbfi pfdeeub. Eocfbf uiui hd`ogsh
pfdeeub fkfbfl3 dyorh pfkf kforfl pusfr go afwfl (pfkf shsh gfdfd
kfd ghrh), dyorh pfkf fwfb lfhk, iufb, dyorh sfft aorgoihl, koifi,
kfd goputh
goputhlfd
lfd kodefd
kodefd jfhrfd
jfhrfd yfde godtfb
godtfb ftfu
ftfu aorafu
aorafu.. Hd`ogs
Hd`ogshh
pfdeeub ioiaurug fghaft lfhk, luaudefd sogsufb, fgthvhtfs `hshg
yfde
yfde aorft,
aorft, poiorhg
poiorhgsffd
sffd pfdeeu
pfdeeub,
b, kfd poifsfd
poifsfdefd
efd FGKQ
FGKQ (fbft
(fbft

gndtrfsopsh kfbfi rflhi, ihsfbdyf3 sphrfb).

 Ihnif _torhfkfbfl tuinr (tuinr chdfg) ftfu poiaosfrfd cfrhdefd
ntnt yfde fkf kh rflhi. [orefdtude kfrh bngfshdyf, ihnif kfpft
torbotfg kh bfphsfd bufr, bfphsfd todefl, ftfu bfphsfd kfbfi rflhi.
Ahfsfdyf ihnif utorh yfde sorhde iodhiaubgfd hd`orthbhtfs fkfbfl
ihnif utorh yfde torbotfg kh bfphsfd kfbfi (bfphsfd odkniotrhui).
Ihnif
Ihnif utorh
utorh ahfsfd
ahfsfdyf
yf thkfg
thkfg aoreoc
aoreocfbf.
fbf. Ihnif
Ihnif fgth`
fgth` sfft wfdhtf
wfdhtf
kfbfi ushf roprnkugsh solhdeef -sfft iodnpfuso- ihnif utorh fgfd
iodeojhb ftfu soiaul.


]nbhp
]nbhp fkfbfl
fkfbfl suftu
suftu cfrhdef
cfrhdefd
d yfde
yfde ioiaos
ioiaosfr
fr kfd iodcub
iodcubur
ur yfde
yfde
ahfsfdyf khfghaftgfd nbol ihnif utorh yfde ioiaosfr kfd toroifs-
roifs nbol gndtrfgsh rflhi. ]nbhp kfpft iodcubur
iodcubur gobufr go vfehdf.
]nbhp iodyoa
iodyoafagfd
fagfd portoiufd
portoiufd sporif-sob
sporif-sob tobur
tobur kfd bhdegudefd
bhdegudefd
utorus torefdeeu, solhdeef afgfb cfdhd fgfd susfl tuiaul.
 Ghst
Ghstff fk
fkfb
fbfl
fl suft
suftu
u gf
gfdt
dtnd
nde
e to
tort
rtut
utup
up yf
yfde
de kh
khbf
bfph
phsh
sh nb
nbol
ol sobfp
sobfput
ut
(ioiarfd) yfde tuiaul thkfg dnrifb kh rndeef ifupud strugtur
tu
tuau
aul
l ifdu
fdush
shf.
f.[
[or
orkf
kfpf
pftt aora
aorafe
fefh
fh ifjf
ifjfi
i co
cod
dhs gh
ghst
stf,
f, kfd
podefruldyf yfde aoraokf torlfkfp gosuaurfd. Lfb podthde bfhddyf

fkfbfl iodeodfh ugurfd ghstf. [hkfg soiuf ghstf lfrus khnporfsh

 iodehdeft ugurfd cuef iodcfkh stfdkfr udtug thdkfgfd nporfsh. Codhs
ghstf yfde pfbhde sorhde iodyoafagfd hd`orthbhtfs fkfbfl shdkrni
nvfrhui pnbhghsthg. ]odyfght torsoaut khtfdkfh fiodnro (thkfg lfhk),

lhrsuthsi (portuiaulfd rfiaut yfde aorboahlfd, kfpft torkhstrhaush

dnrifb ifupud thkfg dnrifb), naoshtfs, hd`orthbhtfs, kfd poiaosfrfd
hdkude tobur. ]odyfght hdh khsoafagfd thkfg sohiafdedyf lnrind
yfde ioipodefrulh roprnkugsh wfdhtf.
 Zfbu
Zfburf
rfd
d tobu
toburr yf
yfde
de torsu
torsuia
iaft
ft iody
iodyoa
oafa
fagf
gfd
d spori
sporiff thkf
thkfg
g ah
ahsf
sf
aortoiu kodefd sob tobur solhdeef poiauflfd thkfg torcfkh fbhfs
thkf
thkfg
g torc
torcfk
fkhh golf
golfih
ihbf
bfd.
d. ]o
]oio
iorh
rhgs
gsff
ffd
d yf
yfde
de kh
khbf
bfgu
gugf
gfd
d ud
udtu
tug
g
iode
iodeot
otfl
fluh
uh sf
sfbu
burfd
rfd tobu
toburr yf
yfde
de torsu
torsuia
iaft
ft fk
fkfbf
fbfl
l ko
kode
defd
fd LZE
LZE
(Lystorn
(Lystorn Zfbphden
Zfbphden Erfply), yfhtu soifjfi poiorhgsffd
poiorhgsffd rðdteod
rðdteod

(shdfr \) udtug iobhlft rflhi kfd sfburfd tobur.

 Gobf
Go bfhd
hdfd
fd pf
pfkf
kf sob tobu
toburr kf
kfpf
pftt iode
iodefg
fgha
haftg
ftgfd
fd hd
hd`or
`orth
thbht
bhtfs
fs yf
yfde
de
uiuidyf
uiuidyf iorupfgfd
iorupfgfd ifdh`ostfsh kfrh efdeeufd
efdeeufd prnsos pobopfsfd
pobopfsfd
sob tobur (nvubfsh). Kobfpfd pubul porsod podyoafa efdeeufd nvubfsh
fkfbfl
fkfbfl shdkrni
shdkrni nvfrhu
nvfrhui
i pnbhgh
pnbhghsth
sthg.
g. Efdeeu
Efdeeufd
fd nvubfs
nvubfshh ahfsfd
ahfsfdyf
yf
khro`bogshgfd kodefd efdeeufd lfhk. Lfhk yfde dnrifb ioihbhgh
shgbus fdtfrf 10-:? lfrh, kodefd cuibfl kfrfl lfhk <= jj kfd bfif
lfhk fdtfrf :-5 lfrh. Ahbf lfhk pfkf sonrfde wfdhtf torcfkh kh bufr htu
soiuf, ifgf soafhgdyf aobhfu ioiorhgsfgfd khrh go kngtor.

a. @fgtnr `udeshndfb
 Efdeeu
Efdeeufd
fd systoi
systoi lnrind
lnrindfb
fb wfdhtf
wfdhtf kfd kfpft
kfpft kh sortfh
sortfh gobfhd
gobfhdfd
fd
afwffd (hiiudnbnehs) Fpfahbf oiarhn ioihbhgh fdtheod yfde
aoraokf kfrh hau, ifgf tuaul hau ioiaorhgfd rofgsh soafefh
s oafefh rospnd
torlfkfp aodkf fshde. Qofgsh hdh kfpft iodyoafagfd fanrtus spndtfd
pfkf wfdhtf lfihb.
 Efdeeu
Efdeeufd
fd pfkf
pfkf pobopf
pobopfsfd
sfd sob tob
tobur
ur (nvubf
(nvubfsh)
sh).Nv
.Nvubf
ubfsh
sh ftfu
ftfu prnsos
prnsos
podeobufrfd sob tobur kfrh nvfrhui torefdeeu chgf torcfkh efdeeufd
lnrindfb. Zfbfl sftudyf fkfbfl pnbhghsthg. Efdeeufd hdh khgotfluh

soafefhh sfbfl sftu podyoafa

soafef podyoafa utfif
utfif goefefbfd
goefefbfd prnsos nvubfsh
nvubfsh yfde
 dnrifb. Nvfrhui pnbhghsthg khsoafagfd nbol gfkfr lnrind fdkrneod
yf
yfde
de thde
thdeeh
eh kf
kfbf
bfi
i kf
kfrf
rfl.
l. Gfkf
Gfkfrr fd
fdkr
krne
neod
od yf
yfde
de ao
aorbo
rboah
ahlf
lfd
d hd
hdhh
iodeefdee
iodeefdeeu
u lnrind
lnrind @ZL (@nbbhjbo
(@nbbhjbo Zthiubfthde
Zthiubfthde Lnrindo) kfbfi

kfrfl. Efdeeufd gfkfr lnrind @ZL hdh fgfd iodeghaftgfd `nbhgob

so
sobb tobu
toburr thkf
thkfg
g ahsf
ahsf aorg
aorgoi
oiaf
afde
de ko
kode
defd
fd af
afhg
hg,, so
solh
lhde
deef
ef pf
pfkf
kf
ehbhrfddyf nvubfsh cuef fgfd torefdeeu.
 Efdeeufd pfkf bolor rflhi, utorus (rflhi) kfd [uaf `fbbnph (sfburfd
tobur) Kfbfi gofkffd dnrifb, pfkf bolor rflhi torkfpft
torkfpft bodkhr
bodkhr yfde
kf
kfpf
pftt ioip
ioiporb
orbfd
fdjfr
jfr po
porc
rcfbf
fbfdf
dfd
d spori
sporif.
f. Chgf
Chgf pr
prnk
nkug
ugsh
sh bo
bodk
dkhr
hr
torefdeeu, ifgf porcfbfdfd sporif fgfd torlfiaft. Zokfdegfd chgf
kfbfi rflhi,
rflhi, yfde aorporfd
aorporfd fkfbfl
fkfbfl eorfgfd kh kfbfi
kfbfi rflhi yfde
yfde
iodknrnde sporif aortoiu kodefd sob tobur iftfde. Chgf eorfgfd

rflhi torefdeeu, (fghaft gogurfdefd lnrind prnstfebfdkhd) ifgf

eorfgfd sporif iobfiaft. [orfglhr fkfbfl efdeeufd pfkf sfburfd
tobur. Kh kfbfi sfburfd hdhbfl sob tobur aortoiu kodefd sob sporif.
Chgf torcfkh podyuiaftfd
podyuiaftfd kh kfbfi sfburfd tobur, ifgf sporif thkfg
ahsf ioiauflh sob tobur. Zuiaftfd torsoaut ahfsfdyf khsoafagfd
nbol podyfght sfbphdehths, rfkfde pfkf pfdeeub (]obvhj Hd`bfiiftnry
Kh
Khso
sofs
fso)
o) ftfu
ftfu pody
podyfg
fght
ht hd
hd`o
`ogs
gshh yf
yfde
de kh
khso
soaf
afag
agfd
fd nb
nbol
ol cf
cfiu
iurr
gbfi
gbfihk
hkhf
hf.G
.Gob
obfh
fhdf
dfd
d pfkf
pfkf utor
utorus
us,, ihsf
ihsfbd
bdyf
yf kh
khfg
fgha
haft
ftgf
gfd
d nb
nbol
ol
ifb`nr
ifb`nrifsh
ifsh utorus
utorus yfde
yfde iodee
iodeefde
fdeeu
eu portui
portuiaul
aulfd
fd `otus,
`otus, ihnif
ihnif

utorh kfd fklosh

utorh fklosh utorus
utorus yfde
yfde iodyoa
iodyoafag
fagfd
fd torcfkh
torcfkhdyf
dyf efdeeu
efdeeufdfd
supbfh kfrfl udtug porgoiafdefd `otus kfd fglhrdyf torcfkh fanrtus
aorubfde.Gobfhdfd tuaf `fbnphh fghaft hd`ogsh yfde iodefghaftgfd
fklosh tuaf `fbnphh kfd torcfkh nastrugsh
nastrugsh solhdeef
solhdeef nvui kfd sporif
thkfg kfpft aortoiu.
 Efdeeufd hipbfdtfsh lfshb gndsopsh kfbfi Qflhi.Zotobfl sob tobur
khauflh nbol sporif kfd sotorusdyf aorgoiafde iodcfkh oiarhn,
sobfdcutdyf torcfkh prnsos dhkfsh (podoipobfd) pfkf odkniotrhui.
]oro
]oroip
ipuf
ufd
d yf
yfde
de ioih
ioihbh
bhgh
gh gf
gfkf
kfrr ln
lnri
rind
nd pr
prne
neos
ostor
tornd
nd ro
rodk
dkfl
fl,,

jo
jodk
dkor
orud
ude
e iode
iodefbf
fbfih
ih ef
efde
deeu
eufd
fd po
poia
iauf
uflf
lfd.
d. Khku
Khkuef
ef lf
lfbb hd
hdhh
 khsoafagfd
khsoafagfd nbol fdtfrf
fdtfrf bfhd gfrodf strugtur
strugtur cfrhdefd
cfrhdefd odkniotrhui
odkniotrhui
thkfg kfpft iodelfshbgfd lnrind prneostornd yfde ioifkfh.
1. ]odyoafa Hd`orthbhtfs pfkf bfgh-bfgh (sufih)

f. Gobf
Gobfhd
hdfd
fd pf
pfkf
kf fbft
fbft gob
gobfi
fihd
hd
 Lhpnspfkhf yfhtu iufrf sfburfd godjhde botfgdyf fadnrifb, fdtfrf
bfhd pfkf poriugffd tosths.
 Ocfgubfsh rotrnerfk yfhtu ocfgubfsh khifdf fhr ifdh ifsug gokfbfi
gfdkude goihl.
 Pfrhgngob yfhtu suftu gofkffd khifdf poiaubul kfrfl ioducu aful
zf
zfgf
gfrr torb
torbfb
fbu
u aosf
aosfr,
r, so
solh
lhde
deef
ef cu
cuib
ibfl
fl kf
kfd
d go
goif
ifip
ipuf
ufd
d eo
eorf
rfg
g
sporiftnznf
sporiftnznf aorgurfde
aorgurfde yfde aorfrth
aorfrth iodeurfdeh
iodeurfdeh goifipufd
goifipufddyf
dyf
udtug iodhiaubgfd golfihbfd.

[osths thkfg turud kfpft torcfkh gfrodf tosths ftrn`h solhdeef thkfg
turud.
a. Goefefbfd `udeshndfb
 Goifipufd orogsh gurfde.

 Gobfhdfd poiaodtugfd sporiftnznf

 Efdeeufd pfkf sporif.

j. Efdee
Efdeeufd
ufd kh kforfl
kforfl soaob
soaobui
ui tosths
tosths (protost
(protosthju
hjubfr)
bfr)..
Efdeeufd ahfsfdyf torcfkh pfkf afehfd ntfg, yfhtu lhpn`hshs yfde
aortuefs iodeobufrgfd lnrind @ZL kfd BL. Gokuf lnrind torsoaut
ioipodefrulh tosths kfbfi iodelfshbgfd lnrind tostnstornd, fghaftdyf
prnkugsh sporif kfpft torefdeeu sortf ioipodefrulh sporiftneodoshs
kfd gofadnrifbfd soiod [orfph yfde ahsf khbfgugfd udtug podhdegftfd
tostnstorndo fkfbfl kodefd torfph lnrind
k. Efdee
Efdeeufd
ufd kh
kh kforfl
kforfl tosth
tosthss (tosthju
(tosthjubfr
bfr).
).
Gorcf tosths kfpft torefdeeu ahbf torgodf trfuif pugubfd, efdeeufd
`hshg
`hshg,, ftfu
ftfu hd`o
hd`ogs
gsh.
h. Ah
Ahsf
sf cu
cuef
ef to
torc
rcfk
fkh,
h, so
sobfi
bfiff pu
puao
aort
rtfs
fs to
tosth
sthss thkf
thkfg
g
aorgoiafde kodefd afhg, solhdeef prnkugsh sporif
s porif iodcfkh torefdeeu.
Kfbfi prnsos prnkugsh,
prnkugsh, tosths soafefh
soafefh ‒pfarhg’
‒pfarhg’ sporif
sporif ioiautulg
ioiautulgfd
fd
sulu yfde boahl khdehd kfrhpfkf sulu
s ulu tuaul, yfhtu :; ‚ :? ½J, sokfdegfd
 sulu tuaul dnrifb :0,? ‚ :5,? ½J. Ahbf sulu tuaul torus-iodorus dfhg 1
‚ : ½J sfcf, prnsos poiaodtugfd sporif kfpft torefdeeu.
torefdeeu.
o. Efdee
Efdeeufd
ufd kh kforfl
kforfl sotob
sotobfl
fl tosths
tosths (pnstto
(pnsttosthj
sthjubf
ubfr).
r).

Efdeeu
Efde eufd
fd torc
torcfk
fkhh kh sfbur
sfburfd
fd spor
sporif
if solhd
solhdee
eeff spor
sporif
if thkf
thkfg
g kf
kfpf
pftt
khsf
khsfbu
burg
rgfd
fd kodef
odefdd bfdj
bfdjfr
fr,, ahfs
ahfsfd
fdy
yf gf
gfro
rod
df sfsfbu
burf
rfd
ddy
dyff auaudt
dtu
u.
]odyoa
]odyoafad
fadyf
yf ahsf
ahsf cfkh
cfkh afwffd
afwffd socfg
socfg bflhr,
bflhr, torgodf
torgodf hd`ogs
hd`ogshh podyfg
podyfght
ht
soporth tuaorgubnshs ([a), sortf vfsogtnih yfde ioifde khsodefcf.
`. [hkf
[hkfg
g fkfd
fkfdyf
yf so
soio
iod.
d.
e. Zoio
Zoiod
d fkfbf
fkfbfl
l jfhrfd
jfhrfd yfde
yfde iodef
iodefdt
dtfr
frgf
gfd
d sporif
sporif kfrh
kfrh po
podh
dhss ioducu
ioducu
vfehdf. Ahbf thkfg fkf soiod ifgf sporif thkfg torfdegut (thkfg fkf
ocfgubfsh).
l. Gurfde
Gurfdedyf
dyf ln
lnrin
rind
d ttostn
ostnstor
storndo
ndo..

h. Gogurf
Gogurfdef
defd
d lnrind
lnrind hdh kfpft
kfpft ioipod
ioipodefr
efrulh
ulh goifi
goifipuf
pufd
d tosths
tosths kfbfi
ioiprnkugsh sporif.
:. ]odyoafa Hd`orthbhtfs pfkf sufih hstrh
f. Efde
Efdeeu
eufd
fd pf
pfkf
kf lu
luau
aude
defd
fd sogsu
sogsufb.
fb.Go
Gosfb
sfbfl
flfd
fd togdh
togdhg
g sf
sfde
deef
efif
if kf
kfpf
pftt
iodyoafag
iodyoafagfd
fd podotrfsh
podotrfsh tfg soipurdf
soipurdf go vfehdf,
vfehdf, hipntodsh,
hipntodsh, ocfgubfsh
progngs, vfehdhsius, goefefbfd ocfgubfsh, kfd gobfhdfd fdftnihg soporth
s oporth
lhpnspfkhf, ophspfkhf, podyfght ]oyrndho.
a. @fgtnr pshgnbnehs fdtfrf gokuf pfsfdefd (sufih kfd hstrh).
 Ifsfbfl tortogfd gfrodf snshfb ogndnih aobui stfahb


Ifsfbfl kfbfi podkhkhgfd
 Oinsh gfrodf khkflubuh nrfde bfhd lfihb

O. ]ft
]ftlwf
lwfy

]fkf Ufdhtf ]fkf ]rhf

Ee. Lhpnfbfifius kfd Kh

Khs`
s`ud
udes
eshh Lhpn
Lhpntf
tfbf
bfiu
iuss kf
kfd
d
Lhpn`hshs, [orpfpfr Lhpn`hshs, Efyf lhkup,[orpfpfr
Qfkhfsh, [ngshg, Efyf Qfkhfsh, [ngshg
Lhkup
 Gothkfgsohiafdefd Lnrindfb
Ioipodefrulh Lnrind
kfbfi tuaul (]rnkugsh
Lnrind thkfg sohiafde)

@ud
@ud sh [ost
[osths
hs Nastrugsh Kugtus Gothkfgifipufd
& [uaubus udtug Gnhtus/
]oiaodtugfd @ZL
Ocfgubfsh
kfd BL ]rnkugsh
Hd`bfifsh
sporif
Ioipodefrulh
[orcfkh ee. ]fkf
`fgtnr pshgnbnehs
poiaodtuggfd `nbhgob Aodtug
Aodtug sp
spor
ori
if IG 3 Qoshgn
kh nvfrhui iodcfkh fadnrifb
Joif
Joifss IG3
IG3

Ee. Aodt
Ee. Aodtug
ug fd
fdft
ftni
nihh Fadnrifbhtfs
shstoi roprnkugsh Zorvhgs

Aodtug tuaf pfbnph Ioipodefrulh

yfde thkfg sosufh
prnsos poifsuggfd
fghaft jokorf / hd`ogsh

Zpori
orif thkfg kfpft
bowft
bow ft kfd thkfg
thkfg torcfkh
torcfkh
`ort
`orthb
hbhs
hsfs
fshh kfrh
kfrh nvui
nvui
kfd sporif

Lfshb gndsopsh thkfg

aorgoiafde dnrifb

[hkfg gudcude lfihb [hia

hiaub rf
rfsf
sf ifb
fbu
u
kfd thkfg aorudf

IG 3 Fdshotfs
Ee. Lfref IG 3 LKQ
@. [fdkf
[fdkf eocfb
eocfbf
f / iodh`ot
iodh`otfsh
fsh gbhd
gbhdhs
hs
6. ]fk
fkff wf
wfdhtf
 [orcfkh gobfhdfd systoi odkngrhd


Lhpniodnro kfd fiodnro
 Khhg
Khhgut
uthh ko
kode
defd
fd po
porg
rgoi
oiaf
afde
defd
fd sogs
sogs sogud
sogudko
korr yf
yfde
de thkf
thkfg
g fk
fkog
oguf
uftt
iodudcugg
iodudcuggfd
fd ifsfbfl
ifsfbfl pfkf fgshs nvfrhui
nvfrhui lhpntfbfiu
lhpntfbfiuss lhpn`hshs
lhpn`hshs ftfu
faorfsh eodothj
 Ufdhtf kodefd shdkrni turdor ahfsfdyf podkog, ioihbhgh pfyukfrf yfde
thkfg aorgoiafde,kfd endftdyf fadnrifb
 Ufdhtf hd`orthb kfpft ioihbhgh utorus

 Inthbhtfs tuaf kfd ucude `hiarhodyf kfpft iodurud ftfu lhbfde fghaft
hd`ogsh, fklosh, ftfu tuinr
 [rfgtus roprnkugsh hdtordfb yfde fadnrifb
1. ]fkf prhf
 Qhwfyft torpfcfd aodkf‚aodkf iutfd yfde ioiaflfyfgfd roprnkugsh
(pfdfs, rfkhfsh, rngng, dfrgnthg, fbgnlnb, hd`ogsh)
 Ztftuss ehzh kfd dutrhsh
Ztftu dutrhsh torutfif
torutfif gogurfdefd
gogurfdefd prntohd kfd vhtfihd
vhtfihd tortodtu
tortodtu
Qhwfyft hd`ogsh eodhtnrurhdfrhf
 Lhporthrnhkhsio kfd lhpnthrnhk

 [uinr lhpn`hshs ftfu prnbfjthdnif

 Khs`udesh orogsh aorft

 Ocfgubfsh rotrnerft

 Lypn/ophspfkhf

 Ihgrnpodhs

 Fdkosodsus tosths (tosths ifshl kfbfi porut/kfbfi bhft pflf

 Efde
Efdeeu
eufd
fd sp
spor
orif
iftn
tneo
eodo
doshs
shs (g
(gob
obfh
fhdf
dfd
d cu
cuib
ibf,
f, ao
aodt
dtug
ug kf
kfd
d inth
inthbh
bhtfs
tfs
sporif)
 Lordhf sjrntfbhs (lordhf aorft sfipfh go gfdtnde tosths )

 Pfrhglngob (vfrhsos poiaubul afbhg kfrfl tosths)


Fadnrifbhtfs jfhrfd soiod
E. Gnipbh
Gnipbhgfs
gfshh podyfg
podyfght
ht
6. Gobfhd
Gobfhdfd
fd gogoaf
gogoafbfd
bfd tuaul
tuaul wfdhtf
wfdhtf yfde torkfpft
torkfpft gobfhdfd
gobfhdfd fkfdyf
fkfdyf fdthanky
fdthanky,,
fdth sporif, fghaftdyf fdth anky torsoaut iodefdjurgfd sporif yfde ifsug

1. ]o
]ody
dyfg
fght
ht eodo
eodoth
thjj
:. Gdjh
Gdjhde
de ifdh
ifdhss ((KI
KI))
;. ]ody
]odyfg
fght
ht gob
gobod
odcf
cfrr endk
endkng
ng
?. Gobf
Gobfhd
hdfd
fd lnri
lnrind
ndoo
0. Naoshtfs

L. ]odj
]odjoe
oefl
flfd
fd
6. Aorafefh
Aorafefh ifjfi
ifjfi hd`ogsh
hd`ogsh khgotfluh
khgotfluh iodyoa
iodyoafagfd
fagfd hd`orth
hd`orthbhtfs
bhtfs torutfif
torutfif hd`ogsh
hd`ogsh
prnstfto, aufl zfgfr, ifupud sfburfd sporif. Gfrodf htu, sothfp hd`ogsh kh

kforfl torsoaut lfrus khtfdefdh sorhus.

1. Aoao
Aoaorfp
rfpff zft kf
kfpf
pftt iorf
iorfju
judh
dh spori
sporif.
f. Afdy
Afdyfg
fg po
podo
dobh
bhth
thfd
fd iodu
iodudc
dcug
uggf
gfd
d
podefrul aurug rngng
rngng torlfkfp cuibfl kfd gufbhtfs sporif.
:. Fbgnlnb
Fbgnlnb kfbfi
kfbfi cuibfl
cuibfl afdyfg
afdyfg khluaudeg
khluaudegfd
fd kodefd
kodefd rodkfldy
rodkfldyff gfkfr lnrind
lnrind
tostnstornd yfde todtudyf fgfd iodefdeeu portuiaulfd sporif.
;. Zorhde
Zorhdegfb
gfbhh soafag
soafagfd
fd nbol podyfght
podyfght iodubfr
iodubfr sogsufb,
sogsufb, gfrodf
gfrodf htu khfdcur
khfdcurgfd
gfd
udtug
udtug iodcfb
iodcfbfdh
fdh porhbf
porhbfgu
gu sogsuf
sogsufbb yfde
yfde fifd
fifd eudf
eudf ioihdh
ioihdhifb
ifbgfd
gfd rhshgn
rhshgn
goifdkubfd khifsf yfde fgfd kftfde.
?. Hiudhs
Hiudhsfsh
fsh endknd
endkndefd
efd/iu
/iuips
ips tobfl toraug
toraugth
th ifipu
ifipu iodjoe
iodjoefl
fl en
endkn
dkndef
defd
d

kfd gnipbhgfshdyf pfkf prhf (nrghths). Goifdkubfd fghaft endkndefd ahsf

khjoefl kodefd iodcfbfdh hiudhsfsh endkndefd.
0. Aoao
Aoaorfp
rfpff codh
codhss fbft
fbft gn
gndt
dtrfs
rfsop
opsh
sh ioih
ioihbh
bhgh
gh rhshg
rhshgn
n go
goif
ifdk
dkub
ubfd
fd bo
boah
ahl
l thde
thdeeh
eh
ihsfbdyf H_K. H_K thkfg khfdcurgfd udtug khpfgfh pfkf wfdhtf yfde aobui
pordfl ioihbhgh fdfg. (@orrystndor, 1=6:).

H. ]odf
]odftf
tfbf
bfgs
gsfd
fdff
ffd
d iok
iokhs
hs
6. Iokhgfsh
f. Naft sthiubfsh
sthiubfsh nvfrhui
nvfrhui (Hdkugsh
(Hdkugsh nvubfsh)
nvubfsh) Gbnih`
Gbnih`od
od shtrft
shtrft


Iodhdegftgfd pobopfsfd endfkntrnphd @ZL & BL
  Khaorhgfd pk lfrh go-? shgbus lfhk

 6 x ?= ie sobfif ? lfrh

 Nvubfsh ? - 6= lfrh sotobfl naft torfglhr

 Gnhtus : x soihdeeu ftfu aorkfsfrgfd _ZE trfdsvfehdfb

 Knshs ahsf khthdegftgfd iodcfkh 6?= - 1== ie/lfrh

 : - ; shgbus naft thkfg nvubfsh kodefd tfdkf lJE ?=== - 6=.=== H_

a. Ophiostrnb
Ioihju pobopfsfd @ZL kfd BL, Lfrh go ? - 6; shgbus lfhk, ? - 6=
ie/lfrh.
j. Ar
Arn
ningr
ingrhp
hpth
thd
d
 Iodelfiaft shdtoshs & sogrosh prnbfgthd

 Hdkhgfsh 3 Gkr prnbfgthd thdeeh (4 1= ie/ib) kfd Efbfgtnro

 Knshs sosufh gfkfr prnbfgthd 3 Nbheniodnro 6,1? ie/lfrh

 Efdeeufd lfhk aorft 3 1 x 1,? ie/lfrh.

 Endfkntrnphd

 LIE (Luifd Iodnpfusfb Endfkntrnphdo)

 @ZL & BL 3 5? H_ ftfu 6?= H_

 _dtug ioihju portuiaulfd `nbhgob

 Knshs fwfb 5? - 6?= H_/lfrh sobfif ? lfrh khdhbfh lfrh go ? shgbus

lfhk

k. LJE
?=== H_ ftfu 6=.=== H_, udtug ioihju nvubfsh

 Khfiotor `nbhgob65 - 6< ii ked _ZE trfdsvfehdfb

 Iflfb, sfdeft aoroshgn

 ]orbu porsyfrftfd glusus

 Lfdyf khaorhgfd pfkf rogfyfsf togdnbneh roprnkugsh

 Jftftfd 3 _dtug prhf khtorfph kodefd @ZL, [ostnstornd

o. [orfph
[orfph lnrind
lnrindfb
fb pfkf
pfkf odknio
odkniotrh
trhnsh
nshss
Zuprosh` nvfrhui solhdeef torcfkh ftrn`h Odkniotrhnshs
`. Kfdfznb
  Iodogfd sogrosh @ZL & BL

 Knshs 1== - <== ie/lfrh, knshs khafeh 1x poiaorhfd

e. ]rn
]rneost
eostor
ornd
nd

Koshkufbhsfsh odkniotrhui pfkf Ftrn`h cfrhdefd Odkniotrhthg

l. Iokrng
Iokrngsh
sh prneos
prneostorn
tornd
d fsotft
fsotft := - ?= ie/l
ie/lfrh
frh
h. EdQL fendhs
 Iodogfd sogrosh @ZL & BL

 Knshs :,5? ie/HI/aubfd

 [hkfg anbol 4 0 aubfd 3 podurudfd kodshtfs tubfde

1. [hdkfg
[hdkfgfd
fd Nporfsh
Nporfsh Qogndt
Qogndtrug
rugsh
sh
Gnrogsh 3
 Gobfhdfd _torus

 Gobfhdfd [uaf 3 tuaf pbfsth

 Ihniogtnih

 Ghstogtnih

 Zfbphdenbhshs

 Bfpfrnsgnp
Bfpfrnsgnphh nporfth`
nporfth` kfd [orfph lnrindfb
lnrindfb udtug gfsus odkniotrhnshs
odkniotrhnshs +
hd`orthbhtfs
 [hdkfgfd nporfth` pfkf prhf 3 Qogfdfbhsfsh kfd Nporfsh Pfrhjngob.
:. Qogfyf
Qogfyfsf
sf [ogd
[ogdnbn
nbneh
eh Qoprnk
Qoprnkugs
ugshh

Iotnko bfhd thkfg aorlfshb

f. Hdsoi
Hdsoihdhdfs
fshh Hdtrf
Hdtrf _tor
_torhd
hd ((HH
HH_)
_)
Iotnko hdh iorupfgfd
iorupfgfd rogfyfsf togdnbneh
togdnbneh roprnkugsh
roprnkugsh yfde pfbhde
sokorlfdf. Zporif yfde tobfl khpropfrfsh khhdsoihdfsh gokfbfi gfvui utorh
sfft nvubfsh. Zyfrft 3 thkfg fkf lfiaftfd iogfdhg 3 goaudtufd tuaf @fbnphh,
]orhtndoui/odkniotrhnshs.
Hdkhgfsh Hd`orthbhtfs nbol gfrodf `fgtnr 3
 Zorvhgs

 Efdeeufd nvubfsh


Odkniotrhnshs rhdefd
  Hd`orthbhtfs Hkhnpfthg

 Fdegf golfihbfd 5 - 1; % shgbus

a. @orthbhsfsh Hdvhtrn (@HP)

@orthbhsfsh khbufr tuaul kodefd sufsfdf iodkogfth fbfihfl. Iotnko

hdh iodcfkh fbtordfth` ftfu phbhlfd torfglhr
Zyfrft 3
 _torus & odkniotrhui dnrifb

 Nvfrhui ifipu iodelfshbgfd sob tobur

 Inrthbhtfs sporif ihdhifb. ?=.===/ib

 Fdegf golfihbfd 3 := - :? % :.
j. Hdtrfjy
Hdtrfjytnp
tnpbfsi
bfsihj
hj Zspori
Zspori Hdco
Hdcojth
jthnd
nd (HJZH
(HJZH))
Hdcogsh sporif hdtrf-shtnpbfsihg (hdtrfjytnpbfsihj spori hdcojthnd 9
HJZH
HJZH)) ioru
iorupf
pfgf
gfd
d togd
togdhg
hg ihgr
ihgrni
nifd
fdhp
hpub
ubfs
fshh yf
yfde
de iody
iodyud
udth
thgg
ggfd
fd sftu
sftu
sporif
sporiftnz
tnznnd
nnd go kfbfi
kfbfi sht
shtnpb
npbfsi
fsiff nnsht
nnsht ifturo
ifturo tob
tobfl
fl kheudf
kheudfgfd
gfd ud
udtug
tug
podfdefdfd hd`orthbhtfs
hd`orthb htfs prhf socfg boahl kfrh sftu kogfko hdh (]fborin ot fb,
6881).
Zoeorf sotobfl htu khhguth kodefd goaorlfshbfd togdhg hdh pfkf prhf
fznnsporihf kodefd iodyudthggfd sporiftnznf kfrh tosths kfd ophkhkyihs.
[ogdhg hdh ioiaorhgfd lfrfpfd yfde dyftf pfkf prhf hd`orthb kodefd nbhen-
fstlodn-torf
fstlodn-torftnznn
tnznnsporih
sporihff aorft ifupud
ifupud fznnsporihf
fznnsporihf,, kodefd
kodefd podyoafa
podyoafa
fpfpud. Kodefd aorgoiafdedyf togdnbneh khifdf HJZH kfpft khbfgsfdfgfd
kodefd thkfg torbfbu ruiht, ifgf gotorsokhffd sfrfdf yfde iobfgsfdfgfd
HJZHH aorgoi
HJZ aorgoiafd
afde
e kodefd
kodefd sfdeft
sfdeft posft
posft (Lhdth
(Lhdthde,
de, 1==8).
1==8). Gbhdhg
Gbhdhg-gb
-gbhdh
hdhg
g
khaorafefh
khaorafefh toipft khkudhf
khkudhf aorgoiafde
aorgoiafde torus iobfgsfdfgfd
iobfgsfdfgfd HJZH kodefd
kodefd
fdegf
fdegf goaorl
goaorlfsh
fshbfd
bfd yfde
yfde ioiufsg
ioiufsgfd.
fd. Gurfde
Gurfde kfrh
kfrh 6=% nnjyto
nnjytoss rusfg
rusfg
kodefd prnsokur hdh kfd fdegf `orthbhsfsh aorghsfr fdtfrf ?=-5?%. Oiaryn
trfd
trfds`
s`or
or kfpft
fpft khbfg
hbfgsf
sfdf
dfg
gfd pfk
fkff bo
boah
ahl
l kfr
frhh 8=
8=%
% pfs
fsfd
fdef
efd
d kfd
iodelfshbgfd fdegf golfihbfd aorghsfr fdtfrf 1?-;?%. Lfshb-lfshb hdh thkfg
aoraokf fdtfrf sporif ocfgubft, ophkhkyihs ifupud tosths (]fborin ot fb,
1==67 Lhdthde ot fb, 1==6).
C. Khfednsf
Khfednsf Goporfwf
Goporfwftfd
tfd Xfde Iudeghd
Iudeghd Iudjub
Iudjub
6. Fdshotfs
Fdshotfs aorlua
aorluaudefd
udefd kodefd
kodefd gothkfg
gothkfgtfluf
tflufd
d todtfde
todtfde fglhr prnsos khfednsthj
khfednsthj
1. Efde
Efdeeu
eufd
fd gndsop
gndsop khrh
khrh 7 lf
lfre
reff khrh
khrh ro
rodk
dkfl
fl ao
aorl
rlua
uaud
udef
efd
d ko
kode
defd
fd ef
efde
deeu
eufd
fd

`orthbhtfs
:. Aorkugf
Aorkugf kfdkfd fdthshp
fdthshpfsh
fsh aorlua
aorluaudefd
udefd kodefd
kodefd prnedn
prnednshs
shs yfde
yfde aurug

G. Hdtorvod
Hdtorvodsh
sh Hd`orthbh
Hd`orthbhtfs
tfs
Dn Khfednsf [ucufd Hdtorvodsh Qfshndfb
goporfwftfd
6 Fdshotfs Zotobfl khbfgugfd 6. Cobfsgfd h. Iodurudgfd joifs
aorluaudefd thdkfgfd fsulfd tucufd tost kfd kf
kfd
d tf
tfgu
gutt to
torl
rlfk
fkfp
fp
kodefd goporfwftfd prnsokur khfednshs kfd
gothkfgtflufd sobfif :x1; ci 1. [hdegftgfd prnednshs
tod
todtfde
tfde fglhr khlfrfpgfd
fgl ogsprosh ?. Ahfrgfd pfshod /
prnsos pfshod ioiafhg porfsffd kfd nrfde torkogft
khfednsthj kodefd tfgut, jndtnl 3 iodeotfluh hdh
Grhtorhf lfshb 3 iodnbfg, soafefh rofgsh yfde
6. Gb
Gbhod
hod kop
oprrosh,
sh, kfd dn
dnri
rifb
fb ]o
]orf
rfsf
sffd
fd
ifipu ifrfl. thkfg khogsproshgfd
iodeudegfpgfd :. Knrnde kfpft
todtfde gobufref udtug iodhiaubgfd
hd
hd`o
`ort
rthb
hbht
htfs
fs kfd iodefdeefp gogfjfufd
gogfjfufd hdtordfb
hdtordfb
afefhifdf pfshod soporth kfd o`og efiafrfd
troftiodtdyf soaobuidyf khrh
1. Gb
Gbhod
hod ;. Gnbfanrfsh 3 0. Ioyfghdgfd
ioiporbhlftgfd aorhgfd aflwf porfd kfbfi
fkfdyf sokfthvo, gobufref kfd gorcf
podhdegftfd trfdquhbhzor thkfg aoruafl
gndtrnb khrh sosufh hdkhgfsh 5. Iudeghd
torlfkfp kh
khpo
porb
rbug
ugfd
fd ud
udtu
tug
g
khfednsf hd`orthbo ioia
ioiafd
fdtu
tu pf
pfsho
shod
d
 :. Gb
Gbhod
hod rhbogs sfipfh
ifipu sojfrf `hshg ifipu
iodeogsproshgfd udtug ioiauft

porfsffd todtfde stfrto

rtoeh gnphde
hd`orthbtfs fkoguft

1 Efdeeufd Zotobfl khbfgugfd 6. [fdyfgfd 6. Iodudcugfd

gndsop khrh 7 thdkfgfd fsulfd ko
kode
defd
fd df
dfif
if gosnpfd
gosnpfd sfdtudfd
sfdtudfd /
lfref khrh goporfwftfd fpf pfshod podelfreffd kfd
rodkfl sobfif :x1; ci hdehd podefgufd
aorluaudefd khlfrfpgfd khpfdeehb porsndfb
kodefd pfshod ioiafhg 1. Hk
Hkod
odth
th`h
`hg
gfs
fshh 1. Ioi
Ioiud
udeg
eghd
hdgf
gfd
d
efdeeufd kodefd nrfde torkogft
torkogft prhvfsh udtug
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