Chapter (5) : Basic Electrical Detecting & Transducer Devices

1. A flat circular diaphragm of mild steel has a diameter of 15 mm. For mild steel,
Young’s modulus E=200 GN/m2, and Poisson's ratio =0.28. Find the
thickness of the diaphragm if the maximum stress is not to exceed 300 MN/m2
when the pressure is 300 kN/m2.
2. A variable potential divider (potentiometer) has a total resistance of 2 K and
is fed from a 10V supply. The output is connected across load resistance of 5
K. Determine the loading error for the slider positions corresponding to xi/xt
= 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 & 1.00. Use the results to plot a rough graph of loading
error against position ratio xi/xt.
3. A piezoelectric pressure transducer has a sensitivity of 80 pC/bar. If it has a
capacitance of 1nF, determine its output voltage wen the input pressure is 1.4
bar.
4. A quartz piezoelectric crystal having a thickness of 2mm and voltage sensitivity
of 0.055 V-m/N is subjected to a pressure of 1.5 MN/m2. Calculate the voltage
output. If the permittivity of quartz is 40.6x10-12 F/m. Calculate its charge
sensitivity.
5. A barium titanate pickup has dimension of 5mm x 5mm x 1.25mm. The force
acting on it is 5 N. The charge sensitivity of barium titanate is 150 pC/N and its
permittivity is 12.5x10-9 F/m. If the modulus of elasticity is 12x106 N/m2,
calculate the strain, the charge and capacitance.
6. The voltage sensitivity of barium titanate is 12x10-3 V-m/N while that of quartz
is 50x10-3 V-m/N. The permittivity of barium titanate is 12.5x10-9 F/m and that
of quartz is 40.6x10-12 F/m. Calculate the charge sensitivities and their ratio. If
the thickness of crystal for each case is 2.5 mm, calculate the sensitivities and
their ratios. [Ans. 150 pC/N, 2.03 pC/N, ratio 73.89, 30x10-6 V/N-m-2,
125x10-6 V/N-m-2, ratio 0.24]
7. A quartz crystal has the dimensions of 2mm x 2mm x 1mm. Quartz has the
following properties : charge sensitivity = 2 pC/N, Young’s modulus = 8.6x10 10
N/m2 and permittivity = 40.6x10-12 F/m. Calculate the value of force, charge
and voltage if the crystal is subjected to strain of 10x10-6 m/m. [Ans. 3.44
N, 6.88 pC, 42.35V]
8. A quartz piezoelectric crystal having a thickness of 2mm and a voltage
sensitivity of 0.055 V-m/N is subjected to a pressure of 200 psi. Calculate the
voltage output of this transducer. [Ans. 151.8V]
9. A piezoelectric crystal has the dimensions of 5mm x 5mm x 1.5mm and having
voltage sensitivity = 0.055 V-m/N. It is used for force measurement and gave
an output voltage of 100V. What force did it measure?
10. Below is a table that contains the data collected for 2 different RTDs. Find the
linear and Quadratic approximation for each one between the temperature
range specified in the last column around the mean temperature of the range
given.
 o
T ( C) 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 Tmpr Range
o
R (Ω) 562.7 568 573.4 578.8 584.1 589.5 594.8 600.2 605.5 610.9 616.2 621.5 626.8 100 – 130 C

11. A platinum RTD having resistance-temperature coefficient of 0.005392 /-

C, and resistance of 90  at 25 oC. It was used to measure the temperature of
an object. Its resistance indicated a value of 115 . What temperature did it
measure. (T = 76.51 oC)
12. A thermistor has a Resistance-Temperature coefficient of –5% over the
temperature range 25 – 50 oC. If the resistance of the thermistor is 100  at
25 oC, what will be its resistance at 35 C. (R = 50 )
13. A thermistor has a Resistance of 3980  at ice point (0 C) and 794  at 50
o
o
C. The resistance-temperature relationship is given by : RT = A Ro Exp (B/T).
Find the constants (A & B) of the equation and calculate the resistance range
in case the temperature varies from 40 – 100 oC.
14. Figure below shows a capacitive transducer using five plates. The dimensions
of each plate are 25x25mm and the resistance between each plate is 0.25mm.
This arrangement is to be used for measurement of displacement by onserving
the change in capacitance with distance 'x'. Calculate the sensitivity of the
device. Assume that the plates are separated by air. The permittivity of air is
8.85x10-12 F/m.
15. A parallel plate capacitive transducer places of area 500 mm2 which are
separated by a distance 0.2mm. Calculate the value of capacitance when the
dielectric is air having permittivity of 8.85x10-12 F/m. (I) A linear, displacement
reduces the gap length to 0.18mm calculate the value of change in
capacitance. Calculate the ratio of per unit change of capacitance to per-unit
change in displacement.