DR.G.R.

DAMODARAN COLLEGE OF SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
COIMBATORE-641 014

PROJECT PHASE I LAB (EMBEDDED AND ROBOTICS)

Name : NAVIN KUMAR.S

Class : II-MCA

Register No : 22PDR031
 DR.G.R.DAMODHARAN COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
COIMBATORE-641 014

2023-2024

REGISTER NUMBER: 22PDR031

This is a certified bonafide project work done by NAVIN KUMAR.S

Head of the Department Faculty-in-Charge

Examiner
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter no Title Page no

I ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 3

II SYNOPSIS 4

1 INTRODUCTION 6

2 PROPOSED SYSTEM
7
2.1 Features of Proposed System
2.2 Application Area 7

3 LITERATURE SURVEY
8
3.1.1 PIR Motion Sensor
3.1.2 Working of PIR Sensor 9
10
3.1.3 Features of PIR Sensor
3.1.4 Disadvantages 10
3.1.5 PIR Sensor Module Pin out Configuration 10
3.2 220v AC to 12v DC Converter
11
3.3 12v DC Alarm 13
3.3.1 Types Of Alarm 13

4 BLOCK DIAGRAM 14

5 COMPONENTS 15

6 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 15

7 PROJECT ESTIMATION 15

8 FUTURE ENHANCEMENT 16

9 CONCLUSION 17

10 REFERENCE 18
SECURITY ALARM USING PIR MOTION SENSOR
 SECURITY ALARM USING PIR MOTION SENSOR

SYNOPSIS

The objective of this project is to develop a motion sensor alarm based on a Passive Infra-Red
(PIR). This project is aim to build a sensor system which is transmit and receive the signal. This
project is about the motion detection using Infra-Red sensor in wirelessly. Besides that, it also acted
as an auto power switching system. When the sensor is triggered, the signal will transmit wirelessly
to take further action.

For this project, we relate this sensor system with an auto power light switching system. When the
sensor is triggered, light in a room will automatically switch ON.

This project is tending to switch ON the light automatically and alarm based on the temperature.
Besides that, signal transmit wirelessly can avoid the circuit malfunction because of wire broken.
After done some research from the internet and advice from the lecturer, tools and equipment are
identified to completing the project.
 1. INTRODUCTION

Motion detection using a PIR sensor circuit can be used for providing security to home, shopping
mallet, as the PIR sensor used in this system detects the motion of human around this circuit. With
the help of buzzer, we can identify the motion of human which was detected by the sensor. This
system can be used at any place where security is needed. Security is needed by everyone in the
society now- a-days to protect their property or confidential information from others which is sensor
sense a human motion and then transmit the signal wirelessly. However, this project will relate to
auto power ON light and alarm system. When the sensor senses a human motion in the sensor’s
detection area, sensor will be triggered and then the room’s light will automatically switch ON. When
the temperature is higher, alarm will run when the PIR had detect motion in the detection area. When
the room temperature is low, alarm will not run. Light and alarm will automatically OFF when the
user was going out from the room. Once the sensor is triggered, system will have around 30seconds
to run the function. After 30seconds sensor does not detect any motion, light and alarm will be
switched OFF automatically.

The domain is “Motion detection using PIR sensor” for any place where security is needed. The main
aim is to develop an alarm based security system which takes power supply as input and the sensor
which we used will detect the motion and gives a message saying “motion detected” and also sound
which will be produced by the buzzer.

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 2. PROPOSED SYSTEM
Alarm based human motion detection is an embedded system which we are used to provide security.
This is our proposed system. Instead of manual security if we use alarm based detection system for
detecting human motions to provide security which reduces man power and is very cheap. As we know
human body radiates heat in the form of Infrared radiations. When a person moving around this circuit,
PIR sensor2 detects the change in the IR levels of surroundings and sends a signal to the
microcontroller.

Features of proposed system are:

 It is very cheap and affordable.

 It is efficient and portable that means we can place this circuit at any place easily

and very easy to use.

 Maintenance cost is low.

APPLICATION AREA
1) Street lights

2) Security system

3) Automatic door opening

4) Any power saver circuits

PIR Sensor are used in homes/organization/institutions and so on.

PIR sensors are used in thermal sensing applications, such as security and motion detection. They are
commonly used in security alarms, motion detection alarms, and automatic lighting applications

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 3. LITERATURE SURVEY

PIR MOTION SENSOR

All objects, living or not, whose temperature is anything above absolute zero emits infrared
radiation. This radiation (energy) is invisible to the human eye but can be detected by electronic
devices designed for such a purpose. The word “passive” in the term “passive infrared” refers to the
behavior of the detector, which receives infrared radiation passively . The sensors could gather data
relative to the acceleration, velocity, and position of the object. A PIR motion detector consists of a
passive IR receiver that measures ambient temperature. If this temperature changes rapidly, like when
a person walks across its field of view, an alarm condition is sent to the controller. This functionality
is quite distinct from active infrared detector in the sense that the passive infrared detector doesn't
emit the infrared ray; it receives the infrared ray that is emitted by objects. PIR Motion detector is
very easily interfered by the variation of heat sources and sunlight, on that note, PIR Motion detector
is considered to be more suitable for the indoor movement detection, which is characterized of closed
environment

PIR sensors allow you to sense motion, almost always used to detect whether a human has moved
in or out of the sensors range.

PIRs are basically made of a pyro electric sensor which can detect levels of infrared radiation. PIR
sensor detects a human being moving around within approximately 10m from the sensor.

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WORKING OF PIR SENSOR:

Any object be it living or non-living emits radiations due to its heat. In case of humans or animals, IR
radiations are emitted because of body heat.

The Fresnel lens captures these rays and focuses them onto the pyro electric element.

The infrared rays from the person are focused at the sensing element and thus detected.

The passive infrared sensor does not radiate energy to space. It receives the infrared radiation from the
human body to make an alarm. Any object with temperature is constantly radiating infrared rays to the
outside world. The surface temperature of the human body is between 36° C - 27 ° C and most of its
radiant energy concentrated in the wavelength range of 8 um-12 um.

What is the Range of PIR Sensor?

 Indoor passive infrared: Detection distances range from 25 cm to 20 m.

 Indoor curtain type: The detection distance ranges from 25 cm to 20 m.

 Outdoor passive infrared: The detection distance ranges from 10 meters to 150 meters.

 Outdoor passive infrared curtain detector: distance from 10 meters to 150 meters.

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 FEATURES OF A PIR SENSOR

1. Motion Detection.

2. Cover distance of about 120° and 7 meters

3.Low power consumption of 65mA

4. Delay Time Adjustable.

5. Standard Pulse Output.

DISADVANTAGES

1) Limited range

2) poor line of sight

3) PIR sensor pot should be adjusted in such a way to detect the humans only.

PIR Sensor Module Pin out Configuration

1. Vcc

Input voltage is +5V for typical applications. Can range from 4.5V- 12V

2. High/Low Output (Dout)

Digital pulse high (3.3V) when triggered (motion detected) digital low (0V) when idle (no motion detected

3. Ground

Connected to ground of circuit

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220v AC to 12v DC CONVERTER
AC to DC Converters are one of the most important elements in power electronics. This is because
there are a lot of real-life applications that are based on these conversions. The electrical circuits
that transform alternating current (AC) input into direct current (DC) output are known as AC-DC
converters. They are used in power electronic applications where the power input a 50 Hz or 60 Hz
sine-wave AC voltage that requires power conversion for a DC output.

The process of conversion of AC current to dc current is known as rectification. The rectifier

converts the AC supply into the DC supply at the load end connection. Similarly, transformers are
normally used to adjust the AC source to reduce the voltage level to have a better operation range
for DC supply.

Alternating Current

In alternating current, the current changes direction and flows forward and backward. The current
whose direction changes periodically is called an alternating current (AC). It has non-zero
frequency. It is produced by AC generator, dynamo, etc.

Direct Current

In direct current, the current doesn’t change its magnitude and polarity. If the current always flows
in the same direction in a conductor then it is called direct current. It has zero frequency. It is
produced by cells, battery, DC generator etc.

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Simple Steps to change AC into DC

Now we discuss about AC to DC converter. Let us consider frequently used converter in the power
supply circuit, 230V AC to 12V DC converter.

Stepping down the Voltage Levels

Sometimes voltages need to be increased while sending power to long distances. Similarly, voltages
need to be decreased for equipment that uses the lower power. The step-up transformers are being
used for stepping up the voltage levels and step-down transformers are being used for stepping down
the voltage levels.

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12v DC ALARM

A security alarm is a system designed to detect intrusion, such as unauthorized entry, into a building
or other areas such as a home or school. Security alarms used in residential, commercial, industrial,
and military properties protect against burglary (theft) or property damage, as well as personal
protection against intruders. Security alerts in neighborhoods show a connection with diminished
robbery. Car alarms likewise help protect vehicles and their contents. Prisons also use security
systems for the control of inmates.

Some alarm systems serve a single purpose of burglary protection; combination systems provide
fire and intrusion protection. Intrusion-alarm systems are combined with closed-circuit television
surveillance (CCTV) systems to record intruders' activities and interface to access control systems
for electrically locked doors. There are many types of security systems. Homeowners typically have
small, self-contained noisemakers. These devices can also be complicated, multirole systems with
computer monitoring and control. It may even include a two-way voice which allows
communication between the panel and monitoring station.

TYPES OF ALARM Fire

Alarm Systems

Fire alarm systems are mostly a legal or insurance requirement. Smoke detectors or carbon
monoxide detectors trigger the alarm to notify everything in the space and turn on the
sprinklers. Bosch or Secutron is probably the most popular provider.

Burglary Alarm Systems

To detect if an unwanted burglar comes to visit your office after hours or on weekends, you probably
want a burglary system set up. Those systems typically operate on a simple principle: They get
activated with a code or card and from then on every time someone comes through the door and
does not de-activate the alarm in time set off a large-scale alarm.

Intrusion detection system

The most advanced system of entry alarm system is the intrusion detection system. They are usually
paired with a SOC (Security Operations Control room) where a security operator sits and controls
any events happening around the doors.

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4.BLOCK DIAGRAM

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 5. COMPONENTS
1) PIR Motion Sensor.

2) 220v AC to 12v DC converter.

3) 12v alarm.

4) 12v led light.

5) ConnectingWires

6. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

7. PROJECT ESTIMATION

1. PIR Motion Sensor 550

2. 220v to 12v converter 200

3. 12v DC alarm 120

4. 12v DC led light 120

Total 990

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 8. FUTURE ENHANCEMENT

In this system we are taking decision based on Human presence but we can also interface LDR
(Light Dependent Resistor) & Timer to see which time alarm turns on.

Sensor and Temperature sensor for better working of the system for energy saving. This system can
be also interfaced with the Bluetooth module so that, we can control the whole system from the
mobile phone itself.

Applications of our device are mentioned below

1. It can be used in colleges, schools and Businesses.

2. It can also be used for home security purpose that we can fit at the main door of the house.

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 9. CONCLUSION

Hereby we come to an end of our project “SECURITY ALARM USING PIR SENSOR”.
This project gives us an idea to detect the motion. This project can be used anywhere either at
home or offices. This is also cost efficient. Thus by this attempt of ours circuit can be used as
protecting device and can be used for security also. It can be used as a kind of anti-theft device. It
is very muchcost efficient and can be used easily and efficiently.

With an ever improving awareness of the importance of security in both residential and
commercial buildings, homeowners, employers and workers are on the lookout for an efficient
surveillance system which is cost-friendly. Detection of intrusion into the home or office is made
possible using passive infrared sensors. The sensor uses the infrared radiations which alters as a
result of human motion across its field of movement. It enables the owner to be aware of the
security situation at home or office. The proposed security system is recommended for
residential applications due to its efficiency and effectiveness in home surveillance application.

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.

10. REFERENCES

1. VinTech Systems, “Back to Basics: Where Did the Burglar Alarm Come From?”
Available:https://vintechnology.com/2011/04/08/back-to-basics-where-did-the-burglar-
alarm- come-from/ 2011 [Accessed: 18 June 2018.]
2. Administrator, “GSM Based Home Security Alarm System Using Arduino” 2016.
Available: https://www.electronicshub.org/arduino-gsm-home-security-alarm-system/
2016.[Accessed: 4 July 2018]
3. Bhavani A., Jami T. and Ashok G., “Low Cost Smart Security Camera with Night
Vision Capability Using Raspberry Pi and PIR Sensor”. International Journal of
Advanced Technology and Innovative Research(IJATIR)Vol. No. 8, No. 21, pp. 4053-
4056, 2016.
4.Iyapo K.O., Odo E.A, Fasunla O.M, Egbuwalo S.A and Raimi O.A, "Design and
Construction of an Automatic Home Security System based on GSM Technology and
Embedded Microcontroller Unit", American Journal of Electrical and Computer
Engineering. Vol 1, No. 1,pp. 25-32, 2017.
5. Khairul M.D., "Home Alarm System Using Detector System", Department of
ElectronicEngineering: University Technical Malaysia Melaka, 2009.
6.Available:https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/raspberry-pi-3-model-b-plus
[Accessed: 02August 2018]
7. Robots Craft technology, "Introduction to PIR Sensor and Integrating It With
Arduino, “Available: http://www.instructables.com/id/Introduction-to-PIR-Sensor-and-
Integrating-It- With/2016. [Accessed 03 August 2018].
8. Sheshai S., "Raspberry Pi Based Security System," Nairobi, 2016.
Available: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/4928/web-server
Beal V. “database”. Available: https://www.webopedia.com/TERM/D/database.html
[Accessed:21,September2018].

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