CẤU TRÚC SO SÁNH HƠN, SO SÁNH NHẤT

I/ SO SÁNH HƠN
1. So sánh hơn với tính từ ngắn
Cấu trúc: S + tobe/V + Adj -er + than + O....
→ EX: Hoa came later than me.
Tuan is taller than me.
Lưu ý:
- Những tính từ 2 âm tiết kết thúc bằng -y, ta chuyển -y thành -i sau đó thêm đuôi -
er. Ví dụ: easy → easier, lucky → luckier, tiny → tinier, crazy → crazier, sexy →
sexier.
- Những tính từ ngắn kết thúc bằng 1 phụ âm nhưng trước đó là 1 nguyên âm, ta
nhân đôi phụ âm cuối rồi thêm đuôi -er. Ví dụ: fat → fatter, big → bigger, sad →
sadder.
2. So sánh hơn với tính từ/ trạng từ dài
Cấu trúc: S + V + more + Adj/ Adv + than…..
→ EX: This pants is more comfortable than that one.
Lưu ý:
Có thể thêm “far”, “much”, “a lot” trước cụm từ so sánh để nhấn mạnh. Ví dụ:
Cherries are much more expensive than apples.
3. So sánh kém hơn trong tiếng Anh
Công thức: S + V + less + Adj + than + N
Trong tiếng Anh, thường ít sử dụng công thức so sánh kém hơn này, mà sẽ dùng
cấu trúc not as…as hoặc so…as.
EX: Apples are less expensive than cherries. (Táo thì kém đắt hơn anh đào.)
=> Cherries are more expensive than apples
=> Apples are not as expensive as cherries
3. So sánh hơn theo bội số:
(Diễn tả vật này hơn vật kia bao nhiêu lần: 2 lần, 3 lần,...)
Cấu trúc: S + V/tobe + số lần + as + Adj + as …..
→ EX: Their garden is twice as big as ours.
My sister’s hair is three times as long as mine.
II/ SO SÁNH NHẤT
1. So sánh nhất với tính từ ngắn
Cấu trúc: S + V + the + Adj- est + N……
EX: My dad is the greatest person in the world.
Nam is the tallest boy in my class.
July is the wettest month of the year.
Lưu ý 1:
- Những tính từ có tận cùng là e thì chỉ thêm -st. Ví dụ: cute => cutest
- Những tính từ có 1 âm tiết, kết thúc bằng nguyên âm + phụ âm thì nhân đôi phụ
âm và thêm -est. Ví dụ: hot => hottest, big => biggest.
- Những tính từ có 2 âm tiết kết thúc bằng phụ âm y –> ta đổi y thành i và thêm -est.
Ví dụ: dry => driest, happy => happiest.
2. So sánh nhất với tính từ dài
* Tính từ dài: thường có từ 2 âm tiết trở lên
Công thức: S + V + the + most + adj + N…..
EX:
- He is the most handsome in his class.
- These shirts are the most expensive of all.
3. So sánh kém nhất trong tiếng Anh
Công thức: S + V + the + least + Adj + N…….
EX: Her ideas were the least practical suggestions.
● Một số tính từ bất quy tắc trong công thức so sánh hơn và so sánh nhất
Good → Better → the best
Bad → Worse → the worst
Far → farther → the farthest / the furthest
Much/many → more → the most
Little → Less → the least
Old → Older/elder → The oldest / eldest

BÀI TẬP SO SÁNH HƠN, SO SÁNH NHẤT

EX1: Cho dạng đúng của tính từ trong ngoặc (so sánh hơn hoặc so sánh nhất)
1. Your exercise is _____________ (easy) than mine.
2. My mother’s advice is _____________ (useful) for me.
3. It is _____________ (difficult) rule of all
4. This pen writes _____________ (good) than my previous one.
5. This athlete is ____________ (strong) than his competitor.
6. This pupil is _____________ (clever) in the class.
7. This is _____________ (old) castle in Britain.
8. Health is _____________ (important) than money.
9. This actor is _____________ (famous) actor from Spain.
10. Kenyans are _____________ (good) sprinters.
11. Luxurious hotels are _____________ (expensive) than those of economic class.
12. My ___________(old) sister is afraid of mice.
EX2: Sử dụng cấu trúc so sánh hơn, so sánh nhất và từ trong ngoặc; viết lại
câu sao cho nghĩa không đổi:
1. Chicken is cheaper than beef.
=> (more expensive) ____________________________________ .
2. Her old house is bigger than her new one.
=> (smaller) ___________________________________ .
3. There isn’t anywhere as old as this castle.
=> (oldest) _______________________________ .
4. I am not taller than anyone in the class.
=> (lowest) ____________________________ .
5. The black dress is more expensive than the white one.
⇒The white dress___________________________.
6. The company’s revenue in May is the highest compared to the previous months..
=> (lower) _____________________________.
EX3:
1) I am ________ my brother.
a) taller than b) the tallest
2. She is ________ student in her class.
a) younger than b) the younger c) the youngest
3. The dog is ________ the cat.
a) the older than b) older than c) the oldest
4. The red jacket is ________ the blue jacket.
a) expensiver than b) more expensive than c) the most expensive
5. My mother is ________ in her family.
a) the shorter b) the shorter than c) the shortest
6. I like sushi, but Chinese food is ________.
a) better b) the better
c) more better d) the bestest
7. My drink is ________ of all the drinks.
a) colder than b) the coldest c) the most cold
8. My sister is ________ student in her class.
a) smarter than b) the smarter
c) the most smart d) the smartest
9. Those books are ________ the other books.
a) expensiver than b) more expensive than
c) most expensive than d) the most expensive
10. Her brother is ________ soccer player on his team.
a) the better b) better than
c) the most good d) the best
EX4: Áp dụng cấu trúc so sánh hơn/so sánh nhất để hoàn thành câu
1. This is the (long)____________ river in Australia.
2. He's the (tall)______________ man in the room.
3. They're the (expensive)________________ clothes I've bought.
4. This road is the (wide)__________ in the country.
5. Anne, my best friend is (good)_______________ me.
6. I'm the (bad)_____________ student in class.
7. What is the (small)____________ animal in the world?
8. Bill's getting married. He's the (happy)_______________ I've even seen him.
9. His book is (interesting)_____________ my book.
10. Is the whale or the elephant the (big)______________ animal in the world?