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    ch16 (Ammonia, Sulfuric Acid)

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    ashleygracia132007
    The document summarizes two important industrial processes: 1) The Haber process produces ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen. Nitrogen is obtained through fractional distillation of liquid air, and hydrogen from cracking ethane or reforming natural gas. The gases are compressed and fed into a converter at high pressure and temperature with an iron catalyst, producing 15% ammonia which is used to make fertilizers. 2) The contact process produces sulfuric acid. Sulfur is burned in air to produce sulfur dioxide, which is converted to sulfur trioxide and absorbed in sulfuric acid to form oleum. Water is added to produce concentrated sulfuric acid, used to make fertilizers, detergents, batteries and other

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    ch16 (Ammonia, Sulfuric Acid)

    Uploaded by

    ashleygracia132007
    5 views2 pages
    The document summarizes two important industrial processes: 1) The Haber process produces ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen. Nitrogen is obtained through fractional distillation of liquid air, and hydrogen from cracking ethane or reforming natural gas. The gases are compressed and fed into a converter at high pressure and temperature with an iron catalyst, producing 15% ammonia which is used to make fertilizers. 2) The contact process produces sulfuric acid. Sulfur is burned in air to produce sulfur dioxide, which is converted to sulfur trioxide and absorbed in sulfuric acid to form oleum. Water is added to produce concentrated sulfuric acid, used to make fertilizers, detergents, batteries and other

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    ch16(Ammonia,Sulfuric acid)

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    The document summarizes two important industrial processes: 1) The Haber process produces ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen. Nitrogen is obtained through fractional distillation of liquid air, and hydrogen from cracking ethane or reforming natural gas. The gases are compressed and fed into a converter at high pressure and temperature with an iron catalyst, producing 15% ammonia which is used to make fertilizers. 2) The contact process produces sulfuric acid. Sulfur is burned in air to produce sulfur dioxide, which is converted to sulfur trioxide and absorbed in sulfuric acid to form oleum. Water is added to produce concentrated sulfuric acid, used to make fertilizers, detergents, batteries and other

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    5 views2 pages

    ch16 (Ammonia, Sulfuric Acid)

    Uploaded by

    ashleygracia132007
    The document summarizes two important industrial processes: 1) The Haber process produces ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen. Nitrogen is obtained through fractional distillation of liquid air, and hydrogen from cracking ethane or reforming natural gas. The gases are compressed and fed into a converter at high pressure and temperature with an iron catalyst, producing 15% ammonia which is used to make fertilizers. 2) The contact process produces sulfuric acid. Sulfur is burned in air to produce sulfur dioxide, which is converted to sulfur trioxide and absorbed in sulfuric acid to form oleum. Water is added to produce concentrated sulfuric acid, used to make fertilizers, detergents, batteries and other

    Copyright:

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    of 2

    Making Ammonia (Haber Process)

    Ammonia Formula: NH3

    Raw materials: Nitrogen, Hydrogen

    Nitrogen: From liquid air through fractional distillation

    Hydrogen: From cracking ethane, From natural gas methane with high temperature and nickel
    catalyst

    Cracking Ethane

    C2H6-> C2H4+H2
    CH4+H20(steam)->CO+H2

    Procedure

    - Mixture of N2 and H2 gas are compressed inside the compressor at 1:3 volume as they are
    diatomic molecules and needs to be separated
    - Compressed gases pass through the converter and 15% of N2 and H2 is converted to
    ammonia
    - N2+H2 ⇌ NH3
    - This mixture pass along the cooling chamber
    - Ammonia is condensed into and removed
    - Unreactive N2 and H2 are returned to converter.

    Condition inside the converter

    - Temperature: 450 deg cels(compromise temperature to faster enough the rate of reaction
    and produce good yield of ammonia)
    - Pressure: 200atm (20000kPa)
    - Catalyst: Iron

    Haber Process: Compressor-> Converter-> Cooling Chamber-> Unreactive: Back to converter

    Temperature above 450 deg Celsius

    - Lower yield of NH3

    Ammonia: fertillisers (NH4)2 SO4

    NH4NO3
    Contact Process (Making of Sulfuric acid)

    H2SO4

    Raw materials: Air, Sulfur, Water

    Sulfur

    - From beneath the ground


    - Sulfide ores: ZnS (zinc blend), PbS (galena)
    - Hydrogen Sulfides from petroleum or natural gas

    Procedure

    - Spray of molten sulfur is burned in furnace in a current dry of air


    Furnace: S+O2-> SO2
    - SO2 is cooled and react with excess air in the converter
    Converter: SO2+O2 ⇌ SO3
    - SO3 is absorbed into 98% solution of sulfuric acid in an absorber
    Absorber:SO3(g)+H2SO4(l)->H2S2O7 (l)
    - Oleum is mixed with a little water to make 99.5% of concentrated sulfuric acid
    H2S2O7(l)+H20(l)-> H2SO4(l)98%
    - Some of this 99.5% of sulfuric acid is returned back to the absorber and the rest is run off to
    be used as concentrated sulfuric acid.

    Uses of H2SO4

    - Making Fertilisers
    - Detergents
    - Plastics
    - Fibers
    - Car batteries
    - To clean metals
    - Dehydrating agent
    - Plastics

    Conditions inside the converter

    Temperature: 450 deg cels

    Catalyst: Vanadium V Oxide

    Pressure: 2 atm(200kPa)

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