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BIOLOGY TEACHER’S GUIDE

SENIOR ONE (INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY)
AUTHOR: Wamimbi Kevin Damascus =ACER BOOKS ONLINE

EMAIL: WEBSITE: CONTACT:

acerpublishers@nabumalihi
gh.com
www.acerpublishers.nabu
malihigh.com 0781537546/ 0773604044 2023
ABOUT THIS BOOK

ACER PUBLISHERS tries to recognise this Teacher’s Guide as one to be used in the Lower
Secondary Curriculum.

 This Guide has an accompanying Learner’s book which will enable the teacher as
facilitation to do the needful of this Biology syllabus.
 In case you want the copy of this Learner’s book online, just search; ACER
PUBLISHERS BIOLOGY S.1 TEXTBOOK and this will help you to facilitate these
learners while implementing the curriculum.

ENJOY IT.

ACER PUBLISHERS- S.1 BIOLOGY TEACHER’S GUIDE

CONTENT:
S/ Content Page in the Page in this
No. Learner’s Book Teacher’s Guide
1. INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY …..page.2 .....Page.2
2. LIFE PROCESSES …..page.2 …..page.3
3. MATERIALS WHICH LIVING THINGS NEED TO …..page.2 …..page.5
MAINTAIN THEIR LIFE PROCESSES.
4. COMPARING OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS. …..page.2 …..page.6
5. ACTIVITY OF INTEGRATION (SENARIO.1) …..page.3 …..page.6
6. ACTIVITY OF INTEGRATION (SENARIO.2) …..page.3 …..page.6
7. ADVERT (BACK PAGE) …..page.4 …..page.7

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED;

-No publications, saving, photocopying or other processes by electronic means, this will need you to
further get written permission through;
Email; acerpublishers@nabumalihigh.com
; wamimbikevindamascus@gmail.com
; wamimbikevindamascus@yahoo.com
-The Authors of this Teachers’ Guide are from a department which needs more Authors mainly
Biology Department. With a few resources that have been come up with to help the students of new
curriculum by NCDC to improve in their communication skills and obtain knowledge of BIOLOGY
(INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY).

THE TEACHER AS A FACILITATOR;

KEY WORDS IN THE CHAPTER;
-Biology
-Branch
-Science
-Living things
-Non- living things
-Career
-Specialist

COMPETENCY;
-The learners should be able to understand the key words as in Introduction to Biology.
-They should understand the meaning, branches, importance, careers and applications of Biology.
-They should understand life processes and materials needed for them to occur.

Page 1 –ACER PUBLISHERS ( SENIOR ONE BIOLOGY TEACHER’S GUIDE (INTRODUCTION)

UNIT.1: INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY.
INTRODUCTION
-In your primary science, you learnt about living and non-living things. What are they? Suggest their
characteristics. In this secondary level, science is divided into physics, chemistry, biology and
mathematics. In this textbook, we shall look at Biology as the study of life.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1.1

1. In groups, discuss what you understand by the term “biology”.
2. Which of the subjects that you learnt in primary is related to living things?
3. In which way do you benefit from studying biology?
4. What are the careers in biology?
5. Identify some branches of biology.
6. Discover the applications of biology.
7. What is the difference between living and non-living things?
-You should have discovered that biology is the study of living things and it comes from two Greek
words: Bios=life and logos=knowledge/ the study of.

EXERCISE 1.1
1. A car moves, exhausts fumes and takes in fuel. Why is it not called a living thing?
2. During the research in (Research questions 1.1), you discovered that we branches of biology
like; Zoology, Botany, Physiology, Anatomy, Ecology, Genetics and Taxonomy. What do
these branches of biology talk about? How will specialising in those branches help us?

Notes to the learners;

After the learners doing exercise 1.1, guide them to answer the questions and give them
these notes below. They should have copied all the notes in the introduction and you
should have guided them about science as the study of living and non- living things;-
* BIOLOGY *BRANCHES OF BIOLOGY
-Biology is the branch of science that deals with the AND WHAT THEY TALK
study of living things. ABOUT
-Science and Biology involve the study of living things. Botany; -The study of plants.
CAREERS IN BIOLOGY Zoology; - The study of
-Teachers animals.
-Doctors Ecology; -The study of the
-Nurses relationships between
-Pharmacists organisms and their
-Dentists environment.
-Nutritionists Anatomy; - The study of body
-Veterinary doctors structures of living
-Physicians organisms.
BRANCHES OF BIOLOGY Physiology; - The study of
Branch Career functioning of body
Zoology Zoologist structures.
Botany Botanist Genetics; - The study of
Anatomy Anatomist inheritance of characteristics
Physiology Physiologist in organisms.
Genetics Genetist Taxonomy; - The study of
Taxonomy Taxonomist identification, naming and
classification of organisms.

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 Ecology Ecologist
Give the learners this small
NOTES; Exercise and mark their
Applications of Biology; books as the topical
…………………………………………………………………………………… assessment;-
……………………………………………………………………………………
Importance of Biology; Below are some organisms
…………………………………………………………………………………… that are in our environment;
……………………………………………………………………………………

-Living things have life because they breathe, respire,

excrete, feed, reproduce and respond to stimuli, but
non- living things do not undergo any of these life
processes.
Picture. A (animal moving)
For example; a car does not undergo breathing,
feeding, responding to stimuli, hence it does not have
life.
-In summary, the introduction to biology helps you to
acquire the knowledge of living things and their
structures. You may also specialise in the different
careers and applications of Biology.
picture .B (a river flowing
*Summary;
near a house)
By this time, the learners should have learnt;
-the meaning, importance, applications, branches
Questions: 1.Which ones are
and careers in Biology. They have learnt about
living things and which ones
characteristics of living things. Tell them that
are not? Why do you classify
whatever characteristic that they have looked at is
them as so? But if you find a
going to become a life process in the next section.
flowing river, how and why
could you classify it?

LIFE PROCESSES
-All living organisms go through specific processes for their survival. They are known as life
processes. These are key when categorising living and non- living things. These include; nutrition,
movement, sensitivity, respiration, excretion, reproduction and growth.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1.2

1. How are life processes of importance to living things?
2. Describe the meaning of each of the life process you have identified above.
3. In which other ways do such processes occur in living things?

Notes to the learners;

After the learners doing research questions1.2, guide them to answer the questions
and give them these notes below. They should have copied all the notes in the
introduction and you should have guided them that all life processes are the
characteristics of living organisms;-

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Brain Teaser;
-Before giving them these notes below, ask them a few questions and this will help them to
understand your concept better;

Questions;
1. Note down the characteristics of living organisms.
2. Also note down the life processes that living things undergo.
3. Look at the characteristics and life processes of living organisms.
4. Is there any difference between them?
5. What conclusion can you make?

*SUGGESTED NOTES TO LEARNERS (LIFE PROCESSES).

MEANING AND IMPORTANCE OF LIFE PROCESSES IN LIVING ORGANISMS.
Life process Meaning Importance
Growth -Is the irreversible change in size -Growth allows repair of damaged
of cells or organs due to both parts of organisms in order for them
division and enlargement? to continue photosynthesising to
produce oxygen for respiration by
other organisms in the environment.
Senstivity -Senstivity is the ability of an -Senstivity enables organisms to
organism to respond to external respond to changes in their
stimuli. surrounding in order to avoid danger
and increase in their survival.
Reproduction -Respiration is the process in -Reproduction prevents organisms
living organisms which involves from becoming extinct (getting few or
production of energy through the lost/ rare).
breakdown of food using oxygen.
Nutrition -Nutrition is the process by which -Nutrition enables the organisms to
living organisms obtain food and obtain building materials to build
use it for growth, repair and their bodies during growth and repair.
reproduction.
Movement -Movement is when a living -Movement enables organisms to
organism moves part or body obtain food and escape danger.
parts to bring about change in
the position of the organism.
Exretion -Excretion is the process by which -Excretion removes carbon dioxide a
a living organism gets rid of waste product of metabolism from
waste products from the body. the body that would damage body
structures.
Respiration Respiration is the process of
living organisms which involves
production of energy through the
breakdown of food using oxygen.

Note: -Growth in animals is represented by increase in body size and height, reproduction in
Plants occur by vegetative reproduction or from seeds.
-Plants carry out nutrition by obtaining carbon dioxide and water and use them to
build complex organic materials.

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MATERIALS WHICH LIVING THINGS NEED TO MAINTAIN THEIR LIFE PROCESSES.
-Living organisms are not independent of their environment and are always in continuous association
with it. Organisms obtain resources necessary for their survival from their environment and at the
same time, deposit wastes which could harm them if retained in their bodies in the environment.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1.3

1. What materials are needed by plants and animals to maintain their life processes?
2. How are those materials important to the living organisms?
3. What evidence do you have to show that plants and animals need such materials?

Notes to the learners;

After the learners doing research questions1.3, guide them to answer the questions and
give them these notes below. They should have copied all the notes in the introduction and
you should have guided them that there are some materials that living organisms use in
order for a life process to occur and the importance of those materials;-

SUGGESTED NOTES TO LEARNERS (MATERIALS WHICH LIVING THINGS NEED TO MAITAIN THEIR
LIFE PROCESSES)

-The following are some of the materials that living things use to maintain their life processes;-
1. Oxygen
2. Food
3. Water
4. Energy
5. Chlorophyll
6. Carbon dioxide
IMPORTANCE OF THE MATERIALS
Material Importance of the material
Oxygen -The oxygen is used to produce energy during respiration.
Food -It provides nutrients to the body required for growth.
Water -Water dissolves and transports materials such as hormones
responsible for reproduction and growth.
Chlorophyll -Plants need sunlight, water, carbon dioxide and chlorophyll to make
their own food through the process of photosynthesis.
Energy -It is required for the transportation of materials.
Carbon dioxide -It is one of the materials used by plants to make their own food
(photosynthesis).

COMPARING OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS.

-Do all life processes in plants resemble as animals? You will compare these life processes.

EXERCISE 1.2
1. Identify ways in which life processes are similar in both plants and animals.
2. Discuss and then draw a table to show how life processes in plats differ from those in
animals.
3. Explain why plants cannot live without live without light while other animals can.

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 Notes to the learners;
*SIMILARITIES IN LIFE PROCESSES BETWEEN PLANTS AND ANIMALS.
After the learners doing exercise 1.2, guide them to answer the questions and give
them these notes below. They should have copied all the notes in the introduction and
you should guide them that; - that life processes in plants differ from those in
animals. Also guide them on how they differ.

Note: -For respiration; In both plants and animals, glucose is broken down to extract energy.
-Identical organisms are produced during reproduction.
-Both plants and animals increase in size through cell division and enlargement during
growth.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

ACTIVITY OF INTEGRATION
SENARIO .1 You have been asked to welcome the next senior ones to secondary and
they are going to know more about biology. You have the task as a
laboratory attendant to help them know what is going to be involved there.
TASK: Help them to know this by the meaning, importance, careers,
applications and branches of biology.
SENIARIO.2 The biology department wanted to conduct a seminar and then brought a
picture of a rabbit and a tree. You were picked out of the whole class to
explain their relationship between them in terms of life processes, category
and also biological classification.
SUPPORT: Pictures of a rabbit and a tree.
TASK: Guide the class to answer the questions of the biology department
and explain each in detail so as the whole class can understand what you
are telling them.

Page 6 –ACER PUBLISHERS ( SENIOR ONE BIOLOGY TEACHER’S GUIDE (INTRODUCTION)

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Page 7 –ACER PUBLISHERS ( SENIOR ONE BIOLOGY TEACHER’S GUIDE (INTRODUCTION)