Avoid repetition: references.

It, this and that in texts

It, this/these and that/those can all be used to refer to something that has just been
mentioned or that has been mentioned previously.
It is used to refer to something we are already talking or writing about, with no
particular emphasis.
We watched the latest episode last night. It was OK, but not nearly as good as the
previous ones.
This (or these) is more emphatic and often shows that something is new or
interesting. This often signals that more is about to be said about the topic.
More funding has been approved for primary schools in the area. This does not,
however, solve the problem faced by …
That (or those) is also more emphatic than it and is used in a similar way to this.
However, that suggests greater distance. For example, we can use that to distance
ourselves from a particular idea:
They're idiots! … OK, sorry, maybe that was unfair.
A: I refuse to do this any more!
B: I understand you're upset, but I think that's going a bit too far.
Or that/those can refer to an idea mentioned further back in the text:
A classic mistake inexperienced hikers make is to pack things they don't really
need. Such items can include shoes, extra toiletries and electronics.
(two paragraphs later)Those extra kilos of weight are soon left behind as hikers
learn to reduce what they carry to a minimum.
That/those is also chosen over this/these to suggest greater physical distance:
Scientists believe that some animals may use the Earth's magnetic fields to find
their way from A to B, even if that B is thousands of miles away.
That and those meaning 'the one(s)'

In more formal English, that and those can be used to mean 'the one' or 'the ones'.
They are often followed by of and are used in this way to avoid repetition.
We compared our experience to that of a group of teenagers. (that = the
experience)
They obtained better exam results than those of the same year group in other
schools.
(those = the exam results)
Those who means 'the people who'.
She was among those who voted for the policy.
Those who are unable to attend the event in person are invited to view it online.

Such meaning 'of this or that type'

In more formal English, such can be used to refer back to the type previously
mentioned.
Some species of ants can find their way using the memory of how many steps they
have taken.
Such navigation methods are actually fairly basic compared with others in the
animal world. (such navigation methods = methods of that type)
We can use such in this way before a/an + single noun or before a plural or
uncountable noun. It is often used after expressions like no, the only, the few, the
first, etc.
The library is free and open to the public 24 hours a day. It is the
only such library in the city.
The group will meet once a month to report on progress. The first such
meeting will be held in April.
Do so

Again, in more formal English, do so can be used to mean 'to behave in the way
mentioned'. It is used to avoid repeating the verb.
Our company raised salaries, but few others in the sector did so.
Employees who have agreed to work overtime should be prepared to do so this
month.
While some went vegan for the supposed health benefits, others reported doing
so for ethical reasons.

Synonyms

A synonym is a word or phrase that has the same meaning as another word or
phrase. We can use synonyms to avoid repetition.
Air pollution is a significant problem in many European capitals. Urgent action
needs to be taken on this worrying issue.
Using synonyms can also make your writing more interesting and enjoyable.
Salmon use their sense of smell to travel back to the river where they were
born. These aquatic homing missiles can travel hundreds of miles to return to
their birthplace.