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Türk Din

Mûsikîsi
6
BASKI

Editör
Prof. Dr. Ahmet Hakkı Turabi
Yazarlar
Prof. Dr. Ahmet Hakkı Turabi - Prof. Dr. M. Safa Yeprem
Prof. Dr. Fazlı Arslan - Prof. Dr. Ahmet Çakır
Prof. Dr. Hüseyin Akpınar - Doç. Dr. Ayşe Başak Harmancı
Doç. Dr. Erhan Özden - Doç. Dr. Mehmet Tıraşçı
Doç. Dr. Ubeydullah Sezikli - Doç. Dr. Cemal Karabaşoğlu
Doç. Dr. Fatih Koca - Doç. Dr. Mehmet Öncel
Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Muhammed Zinnur Kanık - Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Mustafa Demirci
Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Selman Benlioğlu - Dr. Can Doğan

Ankara 2021
Türk Din Mûsikîsi
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Genel Editör ve
Proje Yürütücüsü
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Prof. Dr. M. Safa Yeprem
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ISBN: 978-605-9247-67-2

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