WESTERN MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY

IPIL EXTERNAL CAMPUS

PUROK CORAZON, IPIL HEIGHTS, IPIL, ZAMBOANGA SIBUGAY

Lesson Plan in X-ordering and Ordinal Numbers

I. Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the learner can:
a. define and use ordinal numbers;
b. understand the concept of ordinals in set theory;
c. apply ordinal numbers to represent well-ordered sets.

II. Subject Matter

Topic: X-ordering and Ordinal Numbers
Materials: laptop, manila paper, pilot pen, envelope, pictures, bond paper, construction paper.
Reference:
1. https://www.maths.ox.ac.uk/system/files/attachments/SetTheoryHT18.pdf
2. https://youtu.be/JemOjyCPzCU?si=7MQc3wohNm2O3K_6

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENT’S ACTIVITY

A. Daily Routines
1. Prayer
Good morning, class. Before we are going to start
our discussion, please all rise.

Class president of the class, kindly lead the (Class President will come in front)
prayer. Requesting everyone to stand. Let us bow our
heads and let us pray. (Class President’s prayer)

2. Greetings
Good morning, class! Good morning, Ma’am!

How are you today? We are all okay, Ma’am. (Chorus)

Do you know the trend “put a finger down”? Yes, ma’am.

Raise your right fand and shake your fingers. Just

put a finger down if you feel it what I’m going to
say.
Understood? Yes, ma’am.
Put a finger down if:
1. You are happy today. (Students will follow the instructions and
2. You wake up early. participate.)
3. You are in love.
4. You are excited to go to school.
5. You want to learn something.

That’s good to know class that you are in class at

present and okay. Before you are going to seat
properly, kindly pick up pieces of paper under (Students will pick up the pieces of paper and
your chair and arrange your chairs properly. arrange their chairs.)

3. Checking of Attendance
Class Secretary, who are the absentees for today? (Class Secretary will stand up and check the
attendance.)
Everyone is present for today’s class, Ma’am.
Very good! It is nice to hear that.

5. Classroom Rules
Before we proceed to our discussion, I want us to
have an agreement so that we will have a well- (Students will listen attentively)
organized discussion.
These are my classroom rules:
-Do not answer in chorus. If you want to answer,
raise your hand.
-Listen to the person who's talking in front and
answering.
-Respect each other.

Are we clear? (Students will answer).

Yes, Ma'am!
Very good!

6. Recall

What was our last topic? (Student will raise a hand and stand up)
Ma’am, our last topic was all about sets.
Very Good!

Again, what is a set? (Student will raise a hand and stand up)
Set is a well-defined collection of objects.
Very well said!

What are the two types of subset? (Student will raise a hand and stand up)
The two types of subset are proper and
improper subset.
Very good!

So, are we clear about set and its type? Yes Ma’am! (Chorus)
Any question? None Ma’am. (Chorus)

B. Motivation
Class, before we are going to proceed in our (Students will listen carefully)
proper discussion, we will have an activity first. It
is entitled " 4 Pics 1 Word"

Are you all familiar with this game? Yes, Ma’am!

Good to hear that.

In this game, there are 4 pictures that will flash
on the board, and you are going to guess a one (Students will listen carefully to the mechanics
word that describes the 4 pictures shown. The of the game)
first group to answer will gain points.
Do you understand? Yes, Ma’am!

Great! Let’s start!

Counts off, from 1 to 3. (Students will count from 1 to 3 from left to
right respectively until the last student.)

All number 1 at the 1st row 1, number 2 at the
2nd row and number 3 at the 3rd row. The
number of your group will be your group name.
Okay, do you understand?
Go to your group, quietly.
(Students will listen carefully to the directions.)
Yes, Ma’am!
(Students will move and go to their respective
group.)
Are you ready, class? Yes, ma'am.

(The game will start. There will be 5 sets of

pictures.)

1.

(Answers may vary.)

ANSWER: ORDER

2.

ANSWER: SET

3.

ANSWER: INFINITY

4.
ANSWER: RANK

Now, based on our activity, what do you think (A student will raise his/her hand and answer.)
our topic today?
I think our topic for today involves ordering
numbers.

Very good. Thank you for your answer.

C. Lesson Proper
Our lesson for today is all about X-ordering and (Students will listen carefully)
ordinal numbers.
For us to be guided in today's discussion, here are
our objectives.
Everyone read.
(At the end of the lesson the learner can: (Students will read the objectives)
a. define and use ordinal numbers;
b. understand the concept of ordinals in set
theory;
c. apply ordinal numbers to represent well-
ordered sets.

Are we clear? Yes, Ma'am!

I hope that at the end of the lesson we will be
able to meet these objectives.

1. Activity
Class, stay with your group. (Students will stay in their group.)

This time, your group will receive an envelope. (Students will listen carefully to the directions.)
Inside that envelope is the task you are going to
do. You will do it as a group and after 15 minutes,
you will present your work in the class.

Am I clear? Yes, Ma’am!

Select a representative in your group to get an (A representative in each group will go in front
envelope here in the table. and get an envelope.)

All things are set. Here is the rubric of your

presentation.

(The teacher will present the rubric in the class). (Students will listen to the teacher.)

A total of 35 points. Understand?

Any questions? None, Ma’am!
Did you get it? Yes, Ma’am!

You only have 15 minutes to finish the task. Time

starts now.

Direction: Study the given statements.

Group 1
Transitive Sets
•A set X is transitive if every element of X is also a
subset of X.
Proposition
1.X is transitive if and only if x ∈ y ∈ X implies x ∈ (Students will help each other to answer the
X. activity.)
2.The intersection of two transitive sets is
transitive.
3.The union of two or more transitive sets is
transitive.

Group 2
Ordinal Numbers
•An ordinal α is a transitive set well-ordered by
∈.
Ordinals form a class denoted ω.

Group 3
Successor Ordinals and Limit Ordinals:
An ordinal λ is a limit ordinal if and only if λ ≠ 0
and for all α ∈ λ, α+ ∈.
An ordinal α is called a successor ordinal if α = β+
for some ordinal β. An ordinal which is neither 0
nor a successor ordinal is called a limit ordinal.

2. Analysis
Okay class, choose a representative in your group (Students will present their activity.)
to present your output.

3. Abstraction

An ordinal is a transitive set that is well-ordered (Students will listen carefully.)

by the membership relation.
A. Transitive means that every element of the set
is also a subset of the set.

B. Well-ordered means that every non-empty

subset has a least element.
Notation:
Ordinals are often denoted by Greek letters, such (Students will listen carefully.)
as α, β, γ, etc.
Example:
The ordinal 0 is defined as the empty set: ∅.
The ordinal 1 is {∅}.
The ordinal 2 is {∅, {∅}}.
Properties of Ordinals:
Transitivity: If α is an ordinal, then every element
of α is also a subset of α.
Well-Ordering: The membership relation on an
ordinal is well-ordering.
Strict Set Membership: α ∈ β if and only if α is an (Students will listen carefully.)
element of β, not the same as β.
Successor Ordinal: The successor of an ordinal α
is defined as α ∪ {α}.
Limit Ordinal: An ordinal that is not the successor
of any other ordinal is called a limit ordinal.

Von Neumann
A set α is an ordinal number or ordinal if it is
transitive and well-ordered by ∈. (Students will listen carefully.)

An ordinal is a well-founded set by its definition

(it has an ∈-minimal element) even without using
Foundation. In particular, α /∈ α for any ordinal
α. We sometimes write < for the well-order ∈, as
it is easier to think of the former relation as an
order.

Proposition. Let α and β be ordinals.

(Students will listen carefully.)
1. An element of α is an ordinal

2. An ordinal is equal to the set of all smaller

(under ∈) ordinals

3. A transitive proper subset y ⊂ α is equal to the

least element of α − y (and hence is an ordinal)

4. Either α ⊆ β or β ⊆ α

5. We have α ⊆ β if and only if α ∈ β or α = β

6. We have α ∈ β or α = β or β ∈ α. So ∈ strictly
totally orders ordinals.
(Students will listen carefully.)
Transfinite Induction
Transfinite Induction Principle:

If a property holds for the ordinal 0 and

whenever it holds for an ordinal β, it also holds
for the successor of β, then the property holds
for all ordinals.
Transfinite induction is a powerful tool in proving
statements about all ordinals or certain classes of
ordinals.
It allows us to generalize induction from the finite
to the transfinite realm.

4. Application
Are you still sitting with your group?
Where's group 1? (Students will listen carefully.)
Group 2?
How about group 3?

Very good!

Now, listen to the instructions.

Select a representative of your group to get your
envelope here.
Inside the envelope is the task you need to
complete. You only have 10 minutes to answer.

Here’s the rubric.

(Group 1 will raise their hand.)

(Group 2 will raise their hand.)
(Group 3 will raise their hand.)

Understood?
(Students will listen carefully.)
All representatives come here.
Do you already have your envelope?

Everyone! Please read the directions.

Direction: Answer the following activity. Select

one representative to present your answer.

ACTIVITY 1.

Define the term "ordinal" in the context of set

Yes, ma’am.
theory. Provide an example of a finite ordinal and
an example of a limit ordinal.
(All representatives will come in front.)
ACTIVITY 2. Ordinal Construction Yes ma’am.

You will work as a group. (Students will read the directions.)

Given the set of elements ( x,y,z,w). Construct the
corresponding ordinal using Von neumann
definition.

Time starts now.

(AFTER 10 MINUTES)

Stop working now and paste your output in the

board.

Group 1 will be the first one to present followed

by group 2 and group 3.
(Groups start working their activity.)
Correct answer:

ACTIVITY 1

An ordinal is a transitive set well-ordered by the

membership relation. Example: Each group’s representative will present their
Finite ordinal: output.
2={0,1}={∅,∅}}
2={0,1}={∅,{∅}}
Limit ordinal: (Students will raise their hand and read.)
ω={0,1,2,…}
ACTIVITY2. ORDINAL CONSTRUCTION (The students will clap their hands)

Given set: {x, y, z, w}

 Corresponding ordinal: {x, y, z, w\} = 4\)
 The ordinal is constructed using the von
Neumann definition by representing each
element as the set of all preceding
elements. So,
0 = empty set
1 = {0}
2 = {0, 1}
3 = {0, 1, 2}
4 = {0, 1, 2, 3)
Class, our discussion ends here.
Any Questions?

Did you get it?

S
 Give yourself 5 claps for a job well done.

None, ma’am

Yes, ma’am.

(Students will clap 5 times.)

V. Assessment

1. What isthe defining characteristics of an ordinal?

a. Inclusion of every element in the set.

b. Well-ordering of the set.

c. Infinite cardinality.

d. Existence of the power set.

2. Which ordinal corresponds to the set (a,b,c) using Von Neumann definition?

a. 3

b. 2

c. 4

d. 1

3. Which ordinal number represents the order type of the natural numbers?

a. ω

b. ṅ

c. β

d. £

4. What does the ordinal number “α + 1” represent, where α is any ordinal number?

a. The successor of α.

b. The sum of α and 1.

c. The product of α and 1.

d. None of the above.

5. What property characterize well-ordered sets, which is essential to the definition of ordinal numbers?

a. Every element has a predecessor.

b. There are no elements in the set.

c. Both A and B.

d. None of the above.

Key Answers:

1. B

2. C

3. A

4. A

5. A

V1. Assignment
Create your own problem about ordinals in set theory that satisfy the conditions and
prove it.

PREPARED BY:
Famela Dawn Sora
Daniela MAaris Ebol
JJ Faith Roa