Week

3 This week, learn about the following:

1.) Functions (Determining whether
Function or Not, Evaluating and
Operations on Functions

2.) Elementary Logic (Propositions,

Writing Symbolic Logic Forms, and
Transforming Conditionals

Mr. Armando U. Miranda Jr.

MATM 111 Instructor
Relation and Function
A Relation is a set of
ordered pairs (x, y).
A Function is a relation where
each value of x corresponds to
exactly one value of y.
Relation and Function

In the illustration, sets A, D, and F FUNCTION

are found in functions and are also
found inside relations. Therefore, all
functions are relations. B

However, there are sets like B, C, G E C

E, and G which are found in relations
but not in functions. Therefore, not
all relations are functions.
RELATION
Function or Not?
Given the following ordered pairs, determine whether the given
is a function or not a function.

FUNCTION 1.) {(-2, -2), (-1, -1), (0, 0), (1, 1), (2, 2)}
FUNCTION 2.) {(0, 0), (-1, 1), (1, 1), (-2, 4), (2, 4)}
Not a
Function 3.) {(2, 1), (0, -1), (1, -2), (2, -3), (1, 0)}
Function or Not?
Given the following ordered pairs, determine whether the given
is a function or not a function.

4.) 5.) a b
x y
1 1
a
1
2
b 4
2 -2
c 9 3
3
d
Not a
FUNCTION Function
Function or Not?
Given the following ordered pairs, determine whether the given
is a function or not a function.

6.) 7.) x Y

x - 1 0 1 2 3 0.1 0.01

y -3 -1 1 3 5 -0.1 0.01
0.2 0.04
-0.2 0.04
FUNCTION 0 0
0.9 0.81

FUNCTION
Function or Not?
Given the following ordered pairs, determine whether the given
is a function or not a function.

8.) 9.)

Not a
FUNCTION
Function

NOTE: A faster way in determining whether the graph is fcn or not is by using the vertical line test. When a vertical line is placed at at
any part of the graph and it passes through 1 point of the graph only, then it is a function. Otherwise, it is not.
Function or Not?
Given the following ordered pairs, determine whether the given
is a function or not a function.

10.) 11.)

Not a FUNCTION
Function

NOTE: A faster way in determining whether the graph is fcn or not is by using the vertical line test. When a vertical line is placed at at
any part of the graph and it passes through 1 point of the graph only, then it is a function. Otherwise, it is not.
Function or Not?
Given the following ordered pairs, determine whether the given
is a function or not a function.

12.) 14.)
𝒚 = 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟏 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟐 − 𝒚
Not a
FUNCTION Function
13.) 15.)
𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒 = 𝟑𝒙 − 𝟏 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎
Not a
FUNCTION
Function
NOTE: A faster way in determining whether the equation is fcn or not is by using the Y-scan method. If an equation is observed to
have the following, then it is not a function: (a) y is missing, (b) y is inside the absolute value symbol, and (c) y has an even exponent.
Otherwise, it is a function.
 Domain and Range
Domain – is a set of all possible values of x.
Range – is a set of all possible values of y.
In each of the set of ordered pairs, determine the
domain and range.
1.) A = {(0, 2), (-1, -1), (2, 8), (1, 5), (-3, -7)}
Answer: D:{-3, -1, 0, 1, 2} R: {-7, -1, 2, 5, 8}
2.) A = {(0, 0), (-1, 1), (1, 1), (-2, 4), (2, 4)}
Answer: D:{-2, -1, 0, 1, 2} R: {0, 1, 4}
 Evaluation of Function
To find f(x) for a Example 1: f(x) = 3x - 2
given value of x is to Find: (a) f(0) (b) f(2)
evaluate the function f
by substituting the Solutions: Solutions:
(a) f(0) = 3(0) – 2 (b) f(2) = 3(2) – 2
value of x in the =0–2 =6–2
equation. =-2 =4
 Evaluation of Function
𝟐 𝟐𝒙 −𝟑
Example 2: f(x) = 𝟕 − 𝟐𝒙 Example 3: f(x) =
𝟐
Find: (a) f(-1) (b) f(3) Find: f(-3)
Solutions:
(a) f(-1) = 7 – 2(−𝟏)𝟐 Solutions:
𝟐 −𝟑 −𝟑
= 7 – 2(1) (a) f(-3) =
𝟐
=7–2 −𝟔 − 𝟑
=5 =
𝟐
−𝟗
(b) f(3) = 7 – 2(𝟑)𝟐 =
𝟐
= 7 – 2(9)
= 7 – 18
= - 11
 OPERATIONS ON FUNCTIONS
Functions are like real numbers which can be performed by addition,
subtraction, multiplication, and divisiion. Suppose f and g are functions
and x is an element common to the domains of f and g. The operations
on functions are defined as follows:

Addition: Multiplication:
(f+g)(x) = f(x) + g(x) (f∙g)(x) = [f(x)][g(x)]

Subtraction: Division:
(f – g)(x) = f(x) – g(x) (f/g)(x) = f(x)/g(x)
 OPERATIONS ON FUNCTIONS
EXAMPLE: Given that f(x) = x + 1 and g(x) = x2 – 1,

find: a. (f + g)(3) b. (g – f)(0) c. (f∙g)(-1) d. (g/f)(1)

Solutions: Solutions:

a. (f + g)(3) = f(3) + g(3) b. (g – f)(0) = g(0) - f(0)

(f + g)(3) = (3 + 1) + (32-1) (g – f)(0) = (02 - 1) - (0+1)
(f + g)(3) = 4 + 8 (g – f)(0) = -1 - 1
(f + g)(3) = 12 (g – f)(0) = - 2
 OPERATIONS ON FUNCTIONS
EXAMPLE: Given that f(x) = x + 1 and g(x) = x2 – 1,

find: a. (f + g)(3) b. (g – f)(0) c. (f∙g)(-1) d. (g/f)(1)

Solutions: Solutions:
g(1)
d. (g/f)(1) =
f(1)
c. (f∙g)(-1) = [f(-1)][g(-1)] (12 − 1)
(g/f)(1) =
(f∙g)(-1) = (-1 + 1)[(-1)2 – 1] (1+1)
(f∙g)(-1) = (0)(0) 0
(g/f)(1) =
2
(f∙g)(-1) = 0 (g/f)(1) = 0
Elementary
Logic
- It serves as a set of rules
that govern the structure
and presentation of
mathematical proofs. It
allows us to determine the
validity of arguments in
and out of mathematics.
 Proposition
It is a statement that is, by itself, either
true or false but not both. They can be
expressed in symbols P, Q, R, or p, q, r.
Types of Proposition:
1. Simple – means a single idea statement
2. Compound – conveys two or more ideas.
Examples: Determine whether true or false.
a.) 1 is a prime number. F b.) (3)(4) = 12 T
c.) Given that x and y are d.) 𝑎 = 𝑏 Not a
odd numbers, x – y is odd. F proposition
 Logical
Statements Connectives Symbolic Forms Type of Statements
Not P Not ~P Negation

P and Q And P^Q Conjunction

P or Q Or P∨Q Disjunction

If P, then Q If…, then… P⇒Q Conditional

P if and only if Q If and only if P⇔Q Biconditional

Examples: Write the required statement given the indicated connectives.
P: An even number is divisible by 2.
Q: 12 is an even number.
R: 12 is divisible by 2.
1.) P ⇒ ~ R Answer: If an even number is divisible by 2, then 12 is
not divisible by 2.
2.) Q ^ P Answer: 12 is an even number and an even
number is divisible by 2.
3.) R ⇔ (P ∨ Q) Answer: 12 is divisible by 2 if and only if an even number
is divisible by 2 or 12 is an even number.
Conditional Statements
Conditional Statements - are statements which are in
the form “If P, then Q.” P is the hypothesis while Q is the
conclusion. The following are the transformations of
conditionals:

Converse of conditional From P⇒Q to Q ⇒P

Inverse of conditional From P⇒Q to ~P ⇒~Q
Contrapositive of conditional From P⇒Q to ~Q ⇒~P
Conditional Statements
Example: Write the converse, inverse, contrapositive, and
biconditional of the given conditional.

Conditional: If 3𝑥 + 2 = 8, then 𝑥 = 2. (P ⇒ Q)
Converse: If 𝑥 = 2, then 3𝑥 + 2 = 8. (Q ⇒ P)

Inverse: If 3x + 2 ≠ 8, then x ≠ 2. (~P ⇒ ~Q)

Contrapositive: If 𝑥 ≠ 2, then 3𝑥 + 2 ≠ 8. (~Q ⇒ ~P)

Biconditional: 3𝑥 + 2 = 8 if and only if 𝑥 = 2. (P ⟺Q)

END OF DISCUSSION
Do you have any questions?
If there’s none, get ready to
answer your performance
task.