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DR Farooq Haider
DR Farooq Haider
Abstract: The Qur'an has been revealed for guidance, for all times and
situations to come. However, various verses were revealed at a particular time
in history and in particular circumstances. These are called Asbab al- Nuzool.
Knowledge of the Occasions of revelation plays vital role in deciphering
Quranic Text. This article responds to the basic questions that how the asbab
of Quranic verse can be investigated? What are the functions of the asbab in
exegesis? What are the asbab narratives designed to accomplish? What are the
reason behind multiple narrations of Asbab? How the contradictory statements
about asbab of a verse can be settled. The denial of narrations of asbab leads
to wrong explanations of the Quranic verses. The article gives detailed
information about the different opinions of the Scholars of Qurnic Sciences
and have been analysed.
Keywords: Asbab al-Nuzool, Revelation, Quranic verses.
دآ تا ۔ آن ول ا ا م ا آن
صوا ول ۔ ا”ا آ ت ول ا ب وا ان
مآ ت اس " ول الانآ ت وہوا ال
ص آ ۔ اس ا ول ا ن رے آن زل
ہ ۔اس ول ارد در ص د اور ا اسآ د وا
: ں ن
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ا ب ول – ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺎت -رى ٢٠١٩ء
وﻗﺪ ﻋﺮف ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎدة اﻟ ﺎﺑﺔ واﻟﺘﺎ ﻌ ن ان اﺣﺪ ﻢ اذا ﻗﺎل ﻧﺰﻟﺖ ﺬە ﯾﺔ ﮐﺬا ﻓﺎﻧ
ﯾﺮ ﺪ ﺑﺬﻟﮏ ان ﺬە ﯾﺔ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺬا ا ﮑﻢ؛ ﻻان ﺬا ﺎن اﻟﺴ ﺐ ﻧﺰوﻟ ﺎ۔۔۔۔ ﻓ ﻮ
ﻣﻦ ﺟ ﺲ ﺳﺘﺪﻻل ﻋ ا ﮑﻢ ﺑﺎﻻ ﯾﺔ؛ ﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺟ ﺲ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﳌﺎ وﻗﻊ۔)(٣٣
ﻧﺰﻟﺖ ﺬە ﯾﺔ ان م ت دت ؓ اور
آ آ اس اد ( اس اس رے زل ﮐﺬا ) آ
۔ اس ول وا ل ا آ ا ۔ ان ول
ہو ا و ح وہ ا ورى ح ﻧﺰﻟﺖ ﺬە ﯾﺔ ﮐﺬا ا
۔ بو ح ارد اوراسا ا ب ول ا د ار
:ﻧﺰﻟﺖ ﮐﺬا ات ں وہ ت ؓ اور "
تﷺ ز آ ص ص وا ( زل ں رے آ )
تﷺ ز آ ا وہ ا دت ات ان ا اور ول آ
وہآ آ زم اس زل آ ا د ںذ آ اس
رك تﷺ ا آ ا ۔ ،ا رى ح ا وا
ا آ ر ﷺ اس ال اس ؓ اس ا اور وا ز
اور د ﻧﺰﻟﺖ ﮐﺬا و ن وا ت وت دى۔ ا
تﷺ آ ۔ اس اس ح زل ا ا ﻣﺎﻧﺰل ﷲ ﻗﻮﻟ ﮐﺬا
۔ اس ا وح و اور ا وہ ا رك ا ط اور اس و اس آ
ار ول ا ۔ ا ردى ( ﻓﺎﻧﺰﻟﺖ) ا
"۔)(٣٤
اور اور ن ت ول ا
م د ا ظ ﻧﺰﻟﺖ ﺬە ﯾﺔ ﮐﺬا اس وہ ا ال)
٩
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ا ب ول – ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺎت -رى ٢٠١٩ء
ﻗﺪ ﺑ ﮐﺜ ا ﻣﻦ ﺬا اﻟﺒﺎب ﻗﻮﻟ ﻢ ﺬە ﯾﺔ ﻧﺰﻟﺖ ﮐﺬا ﻻ ﺳﯿﻤﺎ ان ﺎن ﻣﺬ ﻮر
ﺼﺎ ﺎ ﺳﺒﺎب اﻟ ول اﳌﺬ ﻮرە اﻟﺘﻔﺴ ﮐﻘﻮ ﻟ ﻢ ان آﯾﺔ اﻟﻈ ﺎر ﻧﺰﻟﺖ اﻣﺮاة ﺛﺎﺑﺖ
ﺑﻦ ﻗ ﺲ ﺑﻦ ﺷﻤﺎس وان آﯾﺔ اﻟﻠﻌﺎن ﻧﺰﻟﺖ ﻋﻮ ﻤﺮاﻟ ﻼ ﯽ او ﻼل ﺑﻦ اﻣﯿﺔ۔۔۔۔
وﻧﻈﺎﺋﺮ ﺬە ﮐﺜ ﻣﻤﺎ ﯾﺬﮐﺮون اﻧ ﻧﺰل ﻗﻮم ﻣﻦ اﳌﺸﺮﮐ ن ﺑﻤﮑﺔ او ﻗﻮم ﻣﻦ ا ﻞ
اﻟﮑﺘﺎب اﻟ ﻮد واﻟﻨﺼﺎری او ﻗﻮم ﻣﻦ اﳌﻮﻣﻨ ن ﻓﺎﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﻗﺎﻟﻮا)ذﻟﮏ( ﻟﻢ ﯾﻘﺼﺪوا ان ﺣﮑﻢ
ﯾﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﺺ ﺑﺎوﻟﺌﮏ ﻋﯿﺎن دون ﻏ ﻢ ﻓﺎن ﺬا ﻻ ﯾﻘﻮﻟ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ وﻻ ﻋﺎﻗﻞ ﻋ
ﻃﻼق۔)(٤١
ص زل ص ر ں آ اس ب ا
ر آ وہ ا ب ول ن ر م
۔۔۔۔ ا زل ل ا ن اور ا رے زل ى س
ا ا ن دو ر ٰ ب ،ا آ د د
ص ا اد ا ٓ ا ان ا ال زل ص وہ
ن اوردا ا ن ت قا ا دو ا د اور اس ص
۔
م ا ر ص روا ت درج ذ ہ و ں
۔ ا
وﺻﺪ ٍﻗﺔ
ﺻﯿ ٍﺎمَ ا َ َ َ
َِ ﻀﺎ ِاو ِ َ ً اذی ّ ﻣِﻦ ﱠر ِاﺳ ِ َ ِﻓﻔ َﺪﯾﺔ ّ ﻣِﻦ
َ َﻓﻤﻦ َ َﺎن ﻣِ ُﻨﮑﻢ ﱠ ِﻣﺮ ً َ ) ١۔
َ ُ اوُﺴ ٍﮏ۔۔۔۔( )(٤٢
:روا ا ول ا اسآ
ﺳﻤﻌﺖ ﻋﺒﺪﷲ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﻘﻞ ﻗﺎل :ﻗﻌﺪت ا ﮐﻌﺐ ﺑﻦ ﺮة ﺬا اﳌ ﺪ۔ ﻌ :ﻣ ﺪ
اﻟ ﻮﻓﺔ۔ ﻓﺴﺎﻟﺘ ﻋﻦ :ﻓﺪﯾﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺻﯿﺎم۔ ﻓﻘﺎل :ﺣﻤﻠﺖ ا اﻟﻨ ﷺ واﻟﻘﻤﻞ ﯾ ﻨﺎﺛﺮ ﻋ
وﺟ ﯽ ،ﻓﻘﺎل )ﻣﺎ ﮐﻨﺖ اری ان ا ﺪ ﻗﺪ ﺑﻠﻎ ﺑﮏ ﺬا اﻣﺎ ﺗﺠﺪ ﺷﺎة؟( ﻗﻠﺖ ﻻ ،ﻗﺎل) :ﺻﻢ
١٢
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ا ب ول – ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺎت -رى ٢٠١٩ء
ﺛﻼﺛﺔ اﯾﺎم ،او اﻃﻌﻢ ﺳﺘﺔ ﻣﺴﺎﮐ ن ﻟ ﻞ ﻣﺴﮑ ن ﻧﺼﻒ ﺻﺎع ﻣﻦ ﻃﻌﺎم ،واﺣﻠﻖ راﺳﮏ(۔
ﻋﺎﻣﺔ۔)(٤٣
ﺎﺻﺔ ،و ﻟﮑﻢ ﱠ
ﻓ ﻟﺖ ر ﱠ َ ﺧ ﱠ ً
ان س ہ ا ں ا
اس س رے ال ا ں )ﻓﺪﯾﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺻﯿﺎم( آ
ى ا ا م آپ آر ے ے
دے ں روزے ر آپ اب د ا رر
زل ے ص ر ( آ ا ۔) اور ا ع
۔ ں اس
: دؓ روا تا ٢۔
اﻣﺮاة ﻗﺒﻠﺔ ﻓﺎ ﯽ رﺳﻮل ﷲ ﷺ ﻓﺬﮐﺮ ذﻟﮏ ﻟ ،ﻓﺎﻧﺰﻟﺖ ﻋﻠﯿ َ )) :وا ِﻗِﻢ ان رﺟﻼ اﺻﺎب ﻣﻦ ُ
ﺎت َ ِذﻟ َﮏ ِذ َﮐﺮی
اﻟﺴ ّ َ ﺌ ِ
ﺎت ُ ﯾ ِﺬ َ ن ﱠ ِ
اﻟﺼﻼة َ َﻃ ِﺮ ﱠ َاﻟ ِﺎر َ َُو ًزﻟ ّﻔﺎ َ ﻣِﻦ ﱠاﻟﻠﯿ ِﻞ اِ ﱠن ا َ َ َﺴﻨ ِ
ﱠَ
ﺬە ؟ ﻗﺎل ))ﳌﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑ ﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻣ ((۔ )(٤٥ ﻟِ ﱠﻠﺬ ِاﮐ ِﺮ َﻦ(() ( ﻗﺎل اﻟﺮﺟﻞ :ا
ہ ن اس و سآ ا ر لا ﷺ رت ا ا
ںدور ۔ ز ں او ت اور رات )اور آپ دن دو ں زل آ
آپ (۔ اس ر )ا ( د ان ں ا ں ،ا دد
(۔ ےاس ا ا ) ىا ۔آپ ص ے
ا َ َ ﯿﺎةِ ﱡاﻟﺪَﻧﯿﺎ َ ُو ِﺸ ُ ﺪ ا ّ َ َﻋ َ ﻣﺎ ﻓِ َﯿﻘ ِﻠﺒِ َ ُوَ َﻮ ﱡ اﻟﺪ ﮏ ُﻗُﻮﻟ ِ
ُ ِ ُ َﺒ َ ﺎس َ ﻣﻦ
) َ ﻣِو َﻦ ﱠاﻟﻨ ِ ٣۔
ا ِ َﺼ ِﺎم()(٤٦
ى : ں وا ا م ى اس آ
:ان ﯾﺔ ﺗ ل اب زل رے آ م آپ
اﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺛﻢ ﺗ ﻮن ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻌﺪ۔)(٤٧
١٣
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ا ب ول – ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺎت -رى ٢٠١٩ء
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ا ب ول – ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺎت -رى ٢٠١٩ء
انُ ﯾﺬﮐﺮ ﺳ ﺐ واﺣﺪ ﻧﺰول ﯾﺎت اﳌﺘﻔﺮﻗﺔ ،وﻻ اﺷ ﺎل ذﻟﮏ ،ﻓﻘﺪ ﯾ ل اﻟﻮاﻗﻌ
اﻟﻮاﺣﺪة آﯾﺎت ﻋﺪ ﯾﺪة ﺳﻮرﺷ ۔ٕ)(٧٥
ول ان ول ذ آت روا ت درج ذ ں ل
۔ ا دى
ﺳﻠﻤﺔ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ :ﻗﻠﺖ ﯾﺎ رﺳﻮل ﷲ ،ﯾﺬﮐﺮ اﻟﺮﺟﺎل وﻻ ﯾﺬﮐﺮ اﻟ ﺴﺎءﻓﺎﻧﺰل ﷲ ﻋﺰوﺟﻞ
ﻋﻦ ام ؓ ١۔
ﺎت ( )(٧٦
ﺎت َ واﳌ ُ ِﻤﻨِ َ َن واﳌ ُ َ ِﻤﻨ ِ
ﱠﻦ اﳌ ُ)ﺷﺴﻠِ ِﻤ َ َن واﳌ ُ ﺴﻠِ َﻤ ِ
ض ر لا ﷺ ا د روا ؓ ت ام
زل آ اس ا اور ر ں ( دوں ذ ) آن ا
ﺎت(
ﺎت َ واﳌ ُ ِﻤﻨِ َ َن واﳌ ُ َ ِﻤﻨ ِ
ﺴﻠﻤ ِ
ﺴﻠ ِﻤ َ َن واﳌ ُ ِ َ
ﱠن اﳌ ُ)اِ ِ
ت ا ر لا ﷺ ا ں آپ ؓ ت ام روا ٢۔
ﻨﮑﻢ ﻣِ َﻦَ ذ ٍﮐﺮ
ُ ِاﺿ ُﯿﻊ َ َﻋ َﻤﻞ َﻋ ِﺎﻣ ٍ ّﻞ ُﻣِ ّ زل َ ﻧِا ) ّ َﯿﻼ آ ا اس و رں ذ
ﻌﺾ ( )(٧٨،٧٧
ﻌﻀﮑّﻢ ﻣِ َﻦ ٍ
َ ُ ا َواﻧ َ ُ ُ
ﺳﻠﻤﺔ اﻧ ﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﺖ :ﻐﺰو اﻟﺮﺟﺎل ،وﻻ ﻐﺰ واﻟ ﺴﺎء ،واﻧﻤﺎ ﻟﻨﺎ ﻧﺼﻒ اﳌ اث ،ﻓﺎﻧﺰل ﷲ
ﻋﻦ ام ؓ ٣۔
ﻌﺾ ()(٨٠،٧٩
ﻌﻀﮑﻢ َ ﻋ َ ٍ
ﻀﻞ ا ّ ُ ِ ﺑ ِ َ َ ُ
َ َ َو َﻻ َ ﱠﺗﺘﻤﻨ َﻮاﻣ َﺎ ﱠﻓ َ ﺗﺒﺎرک و ﻌﺎ ٰ )
اث اور رے د اور ر د د ؓ روا ت ام
ﻌﺾ (۔
ﻌﻀﮑﻢ َ ﻋ َ ٍ
ﻀﻞ ا ّ ُ ِ ﺑ ِ َ َ ُ
َ َو َﻻ َ ﱠﺗﺘﻤﻨ َﻮاﻣ َﺎ ﱠﻓ َ ) آ ت زل اس ا آد
: ا ب ول
ڈا ن ب دارا ا م وا ى ا ب ا ول :اس وف ب ١۔
۔
دو زى اور دار ا وف ث ا ن ا ب: ا ب ٢۔
۔ آرا وں ز ر
٢١
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– ا ب ول ء٢٠١٩ رى-ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺎت
ا دارا دہ ر و لا ب :ب ا ل ا ب ا ول ۔٣
۔
ا ب اور دى ا اد اس ب:ا ب ا ول ا ا ۔٤
۔
ا ب ا ۔ ا :ا ب ا ول ا ۔٥
۔ دہ با ا ت ول
تو ا ا
٣٠،٢٩ص،ء١٩٦٠، اردوا، ا، ا ، ا لا ا زا، ہو ا ۔١
Shah Wali Ullah , Al-Foz al. Kabir fi Usul al.tafsir, Translated by: Salem Abdullah,
Urdu Academy, Karachi, 1960, p 29, 30
٩ ص، ا ا،ل ا ر، ا ، ا ۔٢
Ibn Taimiyyah, Muqaddimah Fi Usul Tafsir, Al-Maktabah al- Ilmiyyah, Lahore, p 9
Al-Foz al. Kabir fi Usul al.tafsir, p 98 ٩٨ص، ا زا ۔٣
١٢٠/١،١٩٩٩، ا دارا، وت،ما آن ا ن، لا، ۔٤
Sayuti, Jala al-Din, Al-Itiqan fi Uloom al-Quran, Dar al-Kutub al-ilmiyyah,
Bairut,1999, 1/120
Al-Imran, 188:3 ١٨٨ :٣آل ان ۔٥
Al-Ittiqan, 1/121 ١٢١/١ا ن ۔٦
Al-Imran, 3:187-188 ١٨٨-١٨٧ :٣آل ان ۔٧
٤٥٦٨ ،(ب)ﻻ ﺗﺤﺴ ن اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﯾﻔﺮﺣﻮن ﺑﻤﺎ اﺗﻮا با،رى ۔٨
Saheh Bukhari, Kitab al-Tafsir, Hadith: 4568
Al-Maaidah 5:93 ٩٣ :٥ہ ا ۔٩
٣٠٥٠،٣٠٥١ ،ہ رةا بو،ا آن ب،ى ۔١٠
Saheh Tirmazi, Kitab Tafsir al-Quran, Bab min Surah al- Maaidah, Hadith: 3050,
3051
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٢٤
٢٥
٢٦
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