Business Finance Module 4

PALAWAN STATE UNIVERSITY
College of Business and Accountancy

Puerto Princesa City
FIN 2001: BUSINESS FINANCE | Module 1: The Concept and Development of Money
1
MODULE 2
FIN 2001 - BUSINESS FINANCE
2nd Semester - S.Y. 2022 - 2023
Prepared by:
ZIEDWRICK A. DICAR
Instructor I
2
APPROVAL SHEET
This Instructional Material entitled MODULE 2: FINANCIAL ENVIRONMENT authored by

ZIEDWRICK A. DICAR (FIRST SEMESTER SY 2021-2022) is recommended for production and
utilization by the students and faculty members of the College of Business and Accountancy.
PANEL OF EVALUATORS
Local Evaluation Committee

Business Administration major in Financial Management
Reviewed by:
LUNINGNING TAHA
Program Coordinator
Business Administration major in Financial Management
Recommending Approval:
YVETTE J. DAQUIOAG, MPA

Chairperson
Department of Human Resource Development Management, Financial Management and Business
Economics
Approved by:
EVELYN B. TOMAS
Dean
Introduction FIN 2001: BUSINESS FINANCE | Module 1: The Concept and Development of Money
3
The course Fin 2001 - Business Finance deals with the study of functions of business
finance. It covers basic financial principles such as money, banking and interest rates. Also
discuss in detail are the Philippines financial system, time value of money, risk and return,
basic concepts in international business and global finance, and the use of accounting
information for financial decision making. The purpose of the course is to provide students
with the basic financial background necessary to understanding the corporate segments of
the economy.
This module will serve as your alternative learning material to usual way of
classroom teaching and learning delivery. The instructor make sure that this maybe
simplified but, the content will provide you enough knowledge to achieve its expected
learning outcomes.
Disclaimer: This Module is prepared for instructional purposes only. The teacher does not
claim ownership of this module but patterned the ideas from different authors.
Reminders to the User

This module is a supplemental material that will allow you to work independently
and complete course activities at your own pace and time.
Reminders in using this module:
1. Always keep your module neat and.

2. Evaluate your current state of mind regarding to the lesson by accomplishing the
pretest before proceeding to the discussion.
3. Make sure to complete all the activities and exercises.
4. Assess your learning by answering the post-test.
LESSON 1:
4
LEGAL FORMS OF BUSINESS

ORGANIZATION, FINANCIAL
MARKETS AND INSTITUTIONS
Pre-Test:
A. IDENTIFICATION. Identify what is being described in each of the numbers.
____________1. Medium of exchange, standard of value, legal tender
____________2. Exchange of goods for other goods
____________3. Converting metals into coins.
____________4. An ingot of metal
____________5. Another name of ATM card.
____________6. The most common plastic money.
____________7. Shell of mollusk which is first used as money in China.
____________8. Place of coinage
____________9. Type of coinage where people bring their coins for minting.
____________10. Fee charged by the government for converting metals into coins including the
profit made by the government.
Overview
All components of society, households, business, both financial and non-financial, non-
profit organizations, the church and the government coexist in the financial environment. This is
due to the fact that all of them need finance5 to survive. They are called participants in the
financial system. Financial institution encourages people and companies to save for the future,
Course Outcomes
At the end of this course, you can:
 Interpretbasic finance knowledge.
 Communicate effectively using standard business terminology.
 Discuss the importance of finance knowledge.
6
 Apply best practices in financial management to make plans and provide
financial leadership.
Learning Outcomes
At the end of this module, you can:
 Discuss financial markets and their different types.
 Explain the difference between money market instruments and capital market
instruments
 Differentiate stocks and bonds and their types.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page of Module------------------------------------------------------------1
Approval Sheet-------------------------------------------------------------------2
Table of Contents----------------------------------------------------------------3
Overview----------------------------------------------------------------------------4
Learning Outcomes-------------------------------------------------------------4
Summary of Topics-------------------------------------------------------------4
7
Content
Topic 1: Topic Title Introduction ----------------------------------------------------5
Topic 2: Topic Title Barter ------------------------------------------------------------6
Topic 3: Topic Title Coinage----------------------------------------------------------7
Topic 4: Topic Title Paper Money---------------------------------------------------8
Topic 5: Topic Title Plastic Money--------------------------------------------------9
Topic 6: Topic Title Functions of Money--------------------------------------10-11
Topic 7: Topic Title Other Classifications of Money----------------------------12
Module Activity No. ------------------------------------------------------------13

References ------------------------------------------------------------------------14
Discussion
LESSON 1: LEGAL FORMS OF BUSINESS ORGANIZATION, FINANCIAL MARKETS
AND INSTITUTIONS
INTRODUCTION
All components of society,
households, business, both financial and
non-financial, non-profit organizations,
the church and the government coexist in
the financial environment. This is due to
8
the fact that all of them need finance to survive. They are called participants in the financial system.
Financial institution encourages people and companies to save for the future, hedge, against risks,
and acquire capital for consumption and investment. Households make deposits, borrow -and invest,
so do all other components mentioned. The central bank of the different countries with their
respective monetary boards define the rules, regulations, and policies that will affect the country in
general and all members of society in particular. The bank and the financial institutions existing in
society make up the financial environment with the central bank at the top or at the center of the it.
TYPES OF BUSINESS ORGANIZATION
Business organizations are engaged in different economic endeavors as previously discussed.
They are also owned by different types of business owners. Therefore, business organizations can be
classified as to nature or purpose and as to ownership.
A. As to Nature or Purpose
Business have different purpose and fields of endeavor such as the following:
1. Service
Service organizations are engaged is rendering service.
Service entities could be rendering personal service like
barber shops, tailoring or dressmaking shops, massage
clinic and spas, laundry shops, among others.
Professionals like lawyers, accountants, doctors, dentist
among others also render service. Choreographers,
wedding or event planners, caterers, ballet and dance
instructors, and personal trainers are all rendering services.
A person or a company render service and become an
agent for say, an actress, an author, or a company, doing
liaison and seeking the right connections to enhance the earnings and earning potential of the person
or company he working for. Schools and other educational institutions are also service organizations.
Hospitals and nursing homes provide service. Transportation and communication industries also
provide service so do internet players like google and yahoo.
2. Trading or Merchandising
Trading or merchandising firms are engaged
in buying and selling merchandise. What they buy,
they sell. They sell. They buy shoes, they sell
shoes, they buy furniture, and they sell furniture,
the sell furniture. Sari-sari store, appliances store,
construction and hardware supplies store and
supermarkets are trading companies. Even person
who do “buy and sell” are doing trading.
Merchandising is the promotion of the sale of goods that can employ pricing, special offers,
display and other techniques designed to influence consumers’ buying decisions. The concept of
merchandising is based on presenting products at the right time, at the right place, in the right
quantity and at the right price to maximize sales.
3. Manufacturing
Manufacturing companies are those which
buy new materials and process the same to
convert
9
them into finished products which they sell. A firm buys leather to make shoes and bags. Another
firm buys wood or lumber to make furniture. A person who buys chemicals and other ingredients and
makes perfumes to sell is a manufacturer in his own little way.
Manufacturing, any industry that makes products from raw materials by the use of manual
labor or machinery and that is usually carried out systematically with a division of labor.
(See industry.) In a more limited sense, manufacturing denotes the fabrication or assembly of
components into finished products on a fairly large scale. Among the most important manufacturing
industries are those that produce aircraft, automobiles, chemicals, clothing, computers, consumer
electronics, electrical equipment, furniture, heavy machinery, refined petroleum products, ships,
steel, and tools and dies.
4. Banking and Finance

Firms that use money as its main object of business
(product) belong to the banking and finance classification.
Money and credit are their products. Banks, lending
institutions, credits companies, pawnshops, savings and loan
association, credit unions and even moneylenders provide
capital or lend money grant loans.
5. Mining Companies
Mining companies extract natural resources
like oil, gas, gold, copper, and cement among others.
This is the reason they belong to the extractive
industry. These companies deplete these natural
resources, hence, while, fixed assets are
depreciated, natural resources are said to be
depleted.
6. Construction Companies
Construction Companies build
houses, buildings, schools, roads, bridges
and other infrastructure. They are similar
to manufacturing as they start materials
like cement, steel, gravel and sand, wood,
among others and build a totally different
product.
B. As to Ownership
Business can also be classified according to ownership.
1. Sole Proprietorship
A sole proprietorship also referred to as a
sole trader or a proprietorship, is an unincorporated
business that has just one owner who pays personal
income tax on profits earned from the business.
A Sole proprietorship or one – man business,
as the name implies, is a business concern owned by
one person who often is also engaged actively in the
running of the business. The sole owner subscribes
to all of the equity capital of the business which in
10
most cases are raised from personal savings or soft loans obtained from relations and friends. All
incomes also accrue to the owner.
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGE
 Simple to create  A sole proprietorship has no distinct legal
 Least costly form of ownership to begin entity.
 The owner has freedom to deal with the  Unlimited personal liability- The owner is
organization's assets without any liable to the debts of the business
restrictions;  Limited skills and capabilities- The owner
 Easy to discontinue may not have wide range of skills that the
 The structure is simplistic in nature. business requires.
 It is often small and can be recognized  Limited access to capital- Lack of financial
easily resources.
 Lack of continuity for the business- Often has
a trouble recruiting and retaining good
employees.
 It has very high risk because of the
inseparability of the owner with the business;
2. Partnership
A partnership is a single
business in which two or more
people share ownership. Each
partner contributes to all
aspects of the business,
including money, property,
labor, or skill. In return, each
partner shares in the profits and
losses of the business. Because
partnerships entail more than
one person in the decision-
making process, it is important to discuss a wide variety of issues up front and develop a legal
partnership agreement. This agreement should document how future business decisions will be
made, including how the partners will divide profits, resolve disputes, change ownership (bring in
new partners or buy out current partners), and how to dissolve the partnership. Although partnership
agreements are not legally required, they are strongly recommended, and it’s considered extremely
risky to operate without one.
Therefore, for a partnership to exist: the association must be engaged in a business which
may be a trade or a profession; the trade or the profession must be carried on together, jointly, for the
benefit of all the partners; and there must be an intention to earn a profit. A partnership agreement,
which need not necessarily be in written form, will govern the relationships between the partners,
including:
 name of organization, the type of business, and duration;
 capital to be introduced by partners; sharing of profits between parties, including salaries;
 drawings by partners;
11
 arrangements for dissolution, or on the death or retirement of partners;
 settling of disputes; and
 preparation and audit of accounts.
Essential Features of a Partnership

 Partnership is not separated from he partners.
 Setting-up cost is low and it is easy to form.
 Life of partnership is limited because it is a legal entity.
 Regarding liability, the partners
must risk all their personal
assets, even those not invested
in the business, for under the
partnership each partner is for
the business’ debts.
 Partners share in the profits of
the business according to their
individual financial contribution
to the business.
 The death of a partner can
dissolve the partnership.
Type of Partners
 Limited Partners - have limited financial liability
 General partners - are active in the operation of the business
 Secret Partners - are not active in the operation of the business
 Honorary or nominal partners - lends his name to the
business
 Silent Partners - are not active in the operation of the business
 Dormant Partners - are neither active in the partnership nor
generally known to be associated with the business
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
 Easy to establish  Unlimited liability of at least one partner
 Complimentary skills of partners  Capital accumulation
 Division of profits  Difficulty in the disposal of interest without
 Larger pool of capital dissolving the partnership
 Ability to attract limited partners  Lack of continuity
 Limited government regulation  Partners are bound by the law of agency
 Flexibility
 Taxation
3. Corporation
A corporation is a legal entity created by individuals, stockholders, or shareholders, with the
purpose of operating for profit. Corporations are allowed to enter into contracts, sue and be sued,
own assets, remit federal and state taxes, and borrow
money from financial institutions.
Classifications of Corporations
12
The corporation Code of the Philippines classifies private corporations into stock and non
stock corporations, according to whether their membership is presented by shares of stock or not.
Other Classifications of Corporation
There are other classifications of corporations such as those enumerated below:
1. Corporation sole - is a special form of corporation usually associated with the clergy.
Under the code, it is a religious corporation which consists of one member only and his
successors, such as a bishop.
2. Ecclesiastical corporation - is one organized for religious purposes.
3. Eleemosynary corporation - is one established and devoted to charitable purposes or those
supported by charity.
4. Civil corporation - is one established for business or profit.
5. Domestic corporation - is one incorporated under the laws of the Philippines.
6. Foreign corporation - is formed, organized or existing under any laws other than those of
the Philippines.
7. Close corporation - is one which is limited to selected persons or members of a family.
8. Open corporation - is one which is open to any person who may wish to become a
stockholder or member thereto.
9. Parent or holding corporation - is one who is so related to another corporation that it has
the power either directly or indirectly to elect the majority of the directors of such other
corporations.
10. Subsidiary corporation - is one which is so related to another corporation that the majority
of its directors can be elected either directly or indirectly by such other corporation. It is one
which another corporation owns at least a majority of the shares and thus has control.
11. Affiliated corporation - is one related to another by owning or being owned by common
management or by a long-term lease of its property or other control device.
12. Public corporations - are those formed or organized for the government or for the State. As
distinguished from private corporations which are formed for some private purpose, benefit,
or end, public corporations have for their purposes, the general good and welfare of the
public.
13. Government owned or controlled corporations - are those which the government is the
majority stockholder.
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
 Limited liability of the stock holders  Cost and time involved in the incorporation
 Ability to attract capital process.
 Transferable ownership  Taxation
 Larger pool of skills, expertise and  Potential for diminished managerial
knowledge incentives
 Legal restriction regulatory red tape-
required to file what seems to be an endless
stream of reports with government agencies.
 Potential loss of control by the founders
4. COOPERATIVE
An association of persons who have voluntarily
joined together to achieve common end through the
formation of a democratically controlled organization,
13
making equitable contribution to the capital required and accepting the fair share of the risk and
benefits of the undertaking in which the members actively participate. Cooperatives are registered
with Cooperative Development Authority (CDA). CDA Promulgates rules and regulations to govern
the promotion, organization, registration, and the supervision of all types of cooperative.
Advantages
 A “captive” market in the patronage by its members of the cooperative’s product or
services.
 Tax advantages
 Democratic Control
 Government regulation and reporting requirements necessitate the observance of minimum
level of formality in the conduct of the internal affairs of a cooperative.
 As compared to sole proprietorship, cooperatives can, in theory, raise as much capital as
they can afford to put up, that can be raised by a single person.
 Other privileges- access to government facilities and other resources
THE FINANCIAL MARKET

Financial markets is a type of marketplace that provides an
avenue for the sale and purchase of assets such as bonds, stocks,
foreign exchange, and derivatives. Often, they are called by
different names, including “Wall Street” and “capital market,” but
all of them still mean one and the same thing. Simply put,
businesses and investors can go to financial markets to raise
money to grow their business and to make more money,
respectively.
Today, the financial markets are no longer physical
locations, but rather virtual platforms that are also referred to as
trading venues. This is where proposals to purchase or sell are
entered, which are sent to the system electronically. It acts as an
intermediary between the fund seekers (generally businesses,
government, etc.) and fund providers (generally investors, households, etc.). It mobilizes funds
between them, helping in the allocation of the country’s limited resources. Financial Markets can be
classified into four categories
Classification of Financial Markets
1. Money Markets - is for short term funds, where the investors who intend to invest for not
longer than a year enter into a transaction. This market deals with Monetary assets such
as treasury bills, commercial paper, and certificates of deposits. The maturity period for all these
instruments doesn’t exceeds a year. Since these instruments have a low maturity period, they
carry a lower risk and a reasonable rate of return for the investors, generally in the form of
interest.
2. Capital Markets - refers to the market where instruments with medium- and long-term maturity
are traded. This is the market where the maximum interchange of money happens, it helps companies
get access to money through equity capital, preference share capital, etc. and it also provides
investors access to invest in the equity share capital of the company and be a party to the profits
earned by the company.
This market has two verticals:
1. Primary Market – refers to the market where the
company lists security for the first time or where the
already listed company issues fresh security. This market
involves the company and the shareholders to transact
with each other. The amount paid by shareholders for the
14
primary issue is received by the company. There are two major types of products for the
primary market: Initial Public Offer (IPO) or Further Public Offer (FPO).
2. Secondary Market – Once a company gets the security listed, the security becomes
available to be traded over the exchange between the investors. The market that facilitates
such trading is known as the secondary market or the stock market. In other words, it is an
organized market, where trading of securities takes place between investors. Investors could
be individuals, merchant bankers, etc. .
Topic #4: FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Financial instruments represent the issuing of investments in the form of

financial assets and liabilities, as well as equity. The issuing of financial instruments affects the
buying and selling parties differently when it comes to recording the activity.
A financial instrument is considered a contract between the two parties involved, so

technically, a financial instrument is a piece of paper or a virtual document with monetary value that
can be printed.
Stocks, bonds, securities, futures - essentially any form of capital that can be packaged and traded
can be considered a financial instrument.
Topic #5: CLASSIFICATION OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Financial instruments are the securities dealt in the financial market, therefore, lie the
financial markets, financial instruments, can be money market instruments or capital market
instruments. They can also be primary instruments/primary securities or secondary instruments
securities.
Money Market Instruments
The money market is the arena in which financial institutions make available to a broad range
of borrowers and investors the opportunity to buy and sell various forms of short-term securities.
There is no physical "money market." Instead it is an informal network of banks and traders linked
by telephones, fax machines, and computers. Money markets exist both in the United States and
abroa
The short-term debts and securities sold on the money markets—which are known as money
market instruments—have maturities ranging from one day to one year and are extremely liquid.
Treasury bills, federal agency notes, certificates of deposit (CDs), eurodollar deposits, commercial
paper, bankers' acceptances, and repurchase agreements are examples of instruments. The suppliers
of funds for money market instruments are institutions and individuals with a preference for the
highest liquidity and the lowest risk.
The money market is important for businesses because it allows companies with a temporary
cash surplus to invest in short-term securities; conversely, companies with a temporary cash shortfall
15
can sell securities or borrow funds on a short-term basis. In essence the market acts as a repository
for short-term funds. Large corporations generally handle their own short-term financial transactions;
they participate in the market through dealers. Small businesses, on the other hand, often choose to
invest in money-market funds, which are professionally managed mutual funds consisting only of
short-term securities.
Although securities purchased on the money market carry less risk than long-term debt, they
are still not entirely risk free. After all, banks do sometimes fail, and the fortunes of companies can
change rather rapidly. The low risk is associated with lender selectivity. The lender who offers funds
with almost instant maturities ("tomorrow") cannot spend too much time qualifying borrowers and
thus selects only blue-chip borrowers. Repayment therefore is assured (unless you caught Enron just
before it suddenly nose-dived). Borrowers with fewer credentials, of course, have difficult getting
money from this market unless it is through well-established funds.
MODULE ACTIVITY NO. 1

Essay
Discuss the three basic decision areas dealt with by mangers.
Discuss the steps in in analyzing financial statements
Criteria rating for online activity (essay, exercises)

Clarity of thoughts 50%
Organization 30%
Grammar & spelling 20%
100
MODULE ACTIVITY NO. 2

Exercises
-Find the comparative balance sheets of a firm for the past 2 years and prepare analysis. How the
company is doing? How is its liquidity?
REFERENC
ES|
Norma Dy Lopez-Mariano, Ph.D. (2014), Elements of Finance

https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/finance/managerial-finance/
https://www.wallstreetmojo.com/classification-of-financial-markets/
16
Exercises
ACTIVITY NO. 1: Make a flowchart of how the concept of money developed from the early
times up to the present. (Twenty (20) points) See rubrics below.
Exercises
ACTIVITY NO. 2: Answer the what is being asked on each number listed below. (Twenty (20)
points each) See rubrics below.
1. Define money.
2. Explain how barter works.
3. Enumerate and discuss the functions of money.
17
Post-Test
A. IDENTIFICATION. Identify what is being described in each of the items. Write your
answer on the space provided in each number. One (1) point each.
18
B. DISCUSSION. Enumerate and discuss what is being asked in each number. Ten (10) pints
each.
1. Types of Money
2. Functions of Money
3. Kinds of Coinage
LESSON 2:
19
INTRODUCTION TO FINANCE
Pre-Test:
A. IDENTIFICATION. Identify what is being described in each of the numbers.
Overview
Finance plays a very important role in any business activities, whether public or private
sector. Its management is the pillarFIN 2001:
upon BUSINESS
which FINANCE | Module
all economic 1: The stand.
activities ConceptNo
and business
Development
canof Money
survive or be sustained without finance. In this first unit of this course, we will you will be
20
introduce the nature of finance in a buy & sell enterprise, define finance; explain the role and
field of finance.
Course Outcomes
At the end of this course, you can:
 Interpretbasic finance knowledge.
 Communicate effectively using standard business terminology.
 Discuss the importance of finance knowledge.
21
 Apply best practices in financial management to make plans and provide
financial leadership.
Learning Outcomes
At the end of this module, you can:
 Discussthe importance of finance to the business world
 Distinguish the classses of finance
Discussion
22
References
|
Norma Dy Lopez-Mariano, Ph.D. (2014), Elements of Finance

https://www.calltutors.com/blog/what-is-finance-definition-overview-types-of-finance/
https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/finance/public-finance/
https://www.britannica.com/technology/manufacturing
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/soleproprietorship.asp
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wmopen-introbusiness/chapter/partnerships/
Online Sources:
https://www.bing.com/images/search?view=bigstock-Businessman-dream-at-coffee-br-
52366627.jpg&exph=900&expw=900&q=Thinking+about+goals+in+life+ClipArt&simid.
https://www.bsp.gov.ph/Pages/CoinsAndNotes/HistoryOfPhilippineMoney/
HistoryOfPhilippineMoney.aspx
https://mobiosolutions.com/logistic-app-development-solutions/
https://www.istockphoto.com/illustrations/late-payment
https://alirezamehrabi.com/bours/capital-market-expressions/what-is-money
https://www.google.com/search?
q=STANDARD+OF+VALUE+CLIPART&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjGs_r4hpT9AhVNq1YBHfhS
ANQQ2-
https://www.clipartmax.com/middle/m2H7Z5H7H7Z5N4m2_deferred-payment-convenience-store/
https://www.inc.com/rhett-power/5-simple-strategies-to-help-your-company-succeed-when-money-
is-scarce.html
https://www.freepik.com/premium-photo/philippine-money-peso-black-
wallet_21082309.htm
https://coconuts.co/manila/news/change-is-gonna-come-philippine-central-bank-to-replace-
php20-banknote-with-coin/
23
https://theazb.com/sole-proprietorship-comparison-with-other-partnerships/
https://www.processmaker.com/blog/why-hyper-personalization-is-the-future-of-community-
banking/
https://www.toppr.com/ask/content/story/amp/nature-and-significance-of-business-
finance-107845/
https://www.freepik.com/free-photos-vectors/finance
https://livfin.com/supply-chain-finance-can-help-manufacturers-and-suppliers-to-improve-
cash-flow/
https://www.dreamstime.com/illustration/merchandising-work.html
https://www.istockphoto.com/illustrations/business-clipart
https://www.freepik.com/vectors/mining-clipart
https://www.toppers4u.com/2020/10/partnership-firm-partnership-final.html
https://www.v-comply.com/blog/top-5-compliance-issues-that-non-profits-face-and-
how-to-fix-them/
https://pngtree.com/freepng/bank-personal-finance-financial-income_4679075.html
https://www.freepik.com/free-photos-vectors/finance
24
WPU-QSF-ACAD-82A Rev. 00 (09.15.20)
25
26

Business Finance Module 4

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

Business Finance Module 4

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Business Finance Module 4

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

PALAWAN STATE UNIVERSITY

College of Business and Accountancy

FIN 2001 - BUSINESS FINANCE

2nd Semester - S.Y. 2022 - 2023

This Instructional Material entitled MODULE 2: FINANCIAL ENVIRONMENT authored by

Local Evaluation Committee

YVETTE J. DAQUIOAG, MPA

Reminders to the User

Reminders in using this module:

1. Always keep your module neat and.

LEGAL FORMS OF BUSINESS

Module Activity No. ------------------------------------------------------------13

4. Banking and Finance

Essential Features of a Partnership

THE FINANCIAL MARKET

Topic #4: FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Financial instruments represent the issuing of investments in the form of

A financial instrument is considered a contract between the two parties involved, so

Topic #5: CLASSIFICATION OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

MODULE ACTIVITY NO. 1

Criteria rating for online activity (essay, exercises)

MODULE ACTIVITY NO. 2

Norma Dy Lopez-Mariano, Ph.D. (2014), Elements of Finance

Norma Dy Lopez-Mariano, Ph.D. (2014), Elements of Finance

You might also like