Mở:

- Hook  Currently debated /discussed is the argument/assertion/contention that…, with which I… (agree/disagree)
- It is argued that… (topic)/ The issue of whether… (topic) remains/is still a source of controversy/ an area of contention/ a
matter of dispute/ higly deabtable I … (agree/disagree with) the belief/notion/conception/presumption/idea that… (tỉa -
phụ)
- [disagree] Many (people) believe/argue/contend/presume/reckon that…, on which I differ with them. I believe; etc (như
câu trc) … (tỉa – phụ mà ngược lại)

Dẫn

- The … (STT) rationale concerns sth

- A less immediate, yet more detrimental problem/profound,sustainable effect lies in sth
- A/the first, second, etc. obvious/clear/tangible benefit revolves around sth
- One of the justification for this is that...
- Advocates for this would contend that…

Agree

- Subscribe to
- Wholeheartedly/ heartily/strongly endorse
- Strongly advocate  be widely advocated
- Affirm (bản thân cái subject; eg: the use of sth/the principle that…)
- Concur with
- Align yourself with
- Espouse

Disagree

- Rebut (the argument that…)

- Differ (with somebody)
- Strongly/vigourously dispute
- Controvert (the idea/belief/… that...)

Expression opinion (cả 2 đều dùng đc)

- It is arguable that
- It is my firm conviction that
- I support the thesis that
- I firmly assert that
- I am totally convinced that
- I am confident that

Pos effect

- Have the virtue of

Neg effect

- The quality/validity/harmlessness… of sth is open to question/debate/dispute

- Despite…, accompanying it are many problems…

Changes, causes and effects

- Be attributable to somebody/something
- Sth and sth are causally connected
- Be a (inevitable) corollary/by-product of sth
- Far-reaching implications/repurcussions/ramifications/reverberations

Kết:

- In essence
- In the final analysis
- To encapsulate the whole point
- To recapitulate/In recapitulation
- To reiterate

Given the…

- Aforementioned
- Cited above (of reasons)
- Invoked above (of examples)
- Provided above (of explanations)
- Presented above (of arguments)