PROJECT WORK -CLASS EXERCISES AND ASSIGNMENTS AND PROJECT WORK TO BE EXECUTED

BETWEEN 14TH TO 20TH FEBUARY.

1 Water moves through a plant.

(a) The table shows information about the pathway of water into and out of a plant.

Number 1 is the part where water enters the plant.

Number 5 is the part where water is lost from the plant.

Complete the table by writing the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 to show the pathway of water intoand out
of a plant.

One has been done for you.

part of plant order of pathway

leaf
5

leaf xylem
....................

root hair cell

....................

root xylem
....................

stem xylem
....................
2 This question is about waveforms.

(a) Look at the diagram of the waveform of a sound.

Y
Z time
W in seconds

Which letter shows the amplitude of the sound wave?

Circle the correct answer.

W X Y Z

(b) The waveform for the sound shows several waves.

6 8 time
0 2 4 in seconds

How many complete waves are there in 8 seconds of the waveform?

number of waves
(c) The diagrams show how sound A interacts with sound B to make sound C.

waveform of sound A

8 time
0 2 4 6
in seconds

+
waveform of sound B

6 8 time
0 2 4
in seconds

=
waveform of sound C

8 time
0 2 4 6
in seconds

Describe how the waveform of sound A and waveform of sound B interact at:

time = 1 second

Time = 3seconds_______________________________________________________________
3 Lily investigates which type of insulation is best at reducing the transfer of thermal energy fromhot
water.

Look at the diagram of Lily’s experiment.

thermometer

hot water

insulation (cardboard, newspaper or bubble wrap)

glass beaker

bench

Look at her results.

cardboard newspaper bubble wrap

time temperature time temperature time temperature

in seconds in seconds in seconds
0 83 0 85 0 85

60 67 60 81 60 81

120 75 120 79 120 79

180 71 180 76 180 77

240 68 240 72 240 75

300 65 300 68 300 73

(a) The unit of temperature is missing from the tables.

Write down the unit of temperature.

(b) Calculate the decrease in temperature in the 300 seconds for each beaker.

cardboard

newspaper

bubble wrap

(c) Before the investigation, Lily predicts,

 ‘Bubble wrap is the best insulator.’

Is her prediction correct?

Explain your answer.

(d) In one of Lily’s results tables, there is an anomalous result.

Circle the anomalous result in the table.

Give a reason for your answer.

(e) Lily improves her investigation.

Suggest two improvements Lily makes to her investigation.

1)

II)
4 Here are some sentences about the collision theory for the formation of the Moon.

A The less dense rocks eventually merged together to form the Moon.

B This caused very high temperatures and the Earth’s outer layer melted.

C A collision occurred between the Earth and a small planet.

D The less dense rocks were ejected and cooled.

E The dense iron from the cores of both planets merged to create the Earth.

F The less dense rocks were captured by the Earth’s gravitational field.

(a) Put these sentences in the correct order to describe the collision theory.

Two have been done for you.

E F

(b) In 1969, astronauts went to the Moon and collected rock samples.

Describe how these Moon rock samples provide evidence to support the collision theory.

(c) Suggest why the density of the Earth is greater than the density of the Moon.

Use ideas from the collision theory in your answer.

 5.Dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with calcium carbonate.

Blessy plans an investigation to find out the effect of concentration of acid on the rate of this
reaction.

The diagram shows the equipment she uses.

delivery tube measuring

cylinder

conical gas
flask
water

dilute hydrochloric acid

calcium carbonate

I)How would she make her investigation

reliable__________________________
________________________________

II)How would she make her investigation

fair___________________
 B)(i) Identify the independent variable in this investigation.

(ii) Describe how Blessy measures the dependent variable in this

investigation.dependent variable

how it is measured

(iii) Identify two variables that Blessy must control.

C)Identify one safety risk in the investigation and describe how to control the risk.

safety risk_______________________________________________

How to control the risk____________________________________________

D) Blessy collected the gas and measures the volume of the carbon dioxide gas every 30 seconds
Her results are shown in the table below

Time/s 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360
Total volume 0 10 18 26 29 33 36 38 39 41 41 41 41
of carbon
dioxide gas
collected/cm3
Using a scale of 1cm= 20unit on x-axis and 2cm=5unit on y axis plot a graph of the volume of gas produced
on y-axis against time on x- axis.

I)From the graph drawn , show the three portions of your graph with broken lines and describe these portion
on the graph.

‘
II)Calculate the average rate of reaction between 60s and 180s.
III) explain using the collision theory, why the graph is the shape it has._____________________________
6.Pierre investigates how a lack of magnesium affects plants.

(a) The diagram shows the equipment he uses.

plant

cotton wool
lid

beaker

test solution
control solution control
test solution contains all
solution contains all the dissolved minerals a plant needsbut
the dissolved minerals a plant needs not magnesium

Pierre measures the chlorophyll content in

the leaves of both plants every day.

(i) Pierre uses pure water to make

the control solution and the test
solution.

Explain why Pierre uses pure water

and not water tap
water._______________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________

Ii) write down one role

magnesium and nitrate play in
development of plant.
magnesium__________________
nitrate_____________________
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Q7
Look at the diagram below that shows a genetic material in an animal cell.

D
C

E
Look at parts A, B, C, D and E.

(a) Circle the letter that shows a chromosome.

A B C D E
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(b) Circle the letter that controls a single characteristic such as eye colour.

A B C D E

(c) Write down the name of the chemical that is in a chromosome.

d) which part is
A_____________________________B_________________________________________

8.Safia investigates the current in a circuit containing two identical lamps.

direction of
current flow

A1 A4

X A2 Y

A3
She changes the number of cells and measures the currents A1 to A4 in amps. Look at her

results.

current in amps

number of cells A1 A2 A3 A4

1 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.4

2 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.6

3 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.8

4 1.2 0.6 0.6 1.2

5 1.4 0.7 0.7 2.8

6 1.8 0.9 0.9 1.8

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(a) What do the results tell you about what happens to the current in the circuit at points
X and Y?

(b) One of the results is anomalous.

Circle the result in the table that is anomalous.

(c) Predict the values of A2, A3 and A4 if the value for A1 is 1.6 A.

A1 = 1.6 A

A2 = A

A3 = A

A4 = A

B)Carlos investigates electrical resistance.

Look at his circuit.

A
resistor R

The reading on the ammeter is 0.6 A. The

reading on the voltmeter is 1.8 V.

(a) Calculate the resistance of resistor R. Include the units.

resistance of resistor R = units

B.Carlos replaces R with a resistor of greater resistance.

What happens to the reading on the ammeter?

_______________________________________________________________________________

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9.

This question is about thermal transfer.

Decide if each sentence is true or false.

Tick ( ) the correct box.

sentence true false

Heat is the word used to measure how hot an object is.

Thermal energy is measured in C.

When thermal energy is transferred, more thermal

energy is created.

Thermal energy always transfers from hotter objects to

colder objects.

Heat dissipation happens when thermal energy

transfers from a hotter region to a colder region.

A liquid is a good thermal energy conductor.

Convection happens in liquids and gases only.

Radiation needs particles to transfer thermal energy.

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10.Fetal development is affected by the health of the mother.

The table shows information about the mass of a fetus during pregnancy for a mother whosmokes.

age of the fetus mass of the fetus

in weeks in kg
36 2.40
37 2.55
38 2.60
39 2.85
40 3.00

(a) Draw the graph of this information:

 label the x-axis

 label the y-axis
 plot all the points from the table.

3.00

2.90

2.80

2.70
…………………………………

………………………………… 2.60

2.50

2.40

2.30 36 37 38 39 40
35

…………………………………

…………………………………

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(b) There is one anomalous result.

Circle the anomalous result on the graph.

Draw a line of best fit on the graph.

11.Mia is learning about tectonic plates.

She knows that:

 diverging tectonic plates move away from each other

 converging tectonic plates move towards each other.

(a) Label the diagram.

Choose words from the list.

diverging plates convection

currents converging

plates crust mantle

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........................................... ........................................... ...........................................
...........................................

...........................................

...........................................
...........................................

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(b) Mia joins a map of South America to Africa.

Africa
South
America

Explain why the appearance of the continental coasts is evidence for tectonic plates.

(c) Write down one other piece of evidence for tectonic plates.

12

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12.The diagram shows the position of some organs in the human body.

D A

C B

(d) Circle the letter of the organ that is part of the human excretory (renal) system.

A B C D

(e) Complete these sentences about the human excretory (renal) system.

The function of the human excretory (renal) system is to the

blood to remove urea.

The urea is then excreted in a liquid called .

(f) Organs are made of cells.

Cells contain chromosomes.

Name the chemical from which chromosomes are made.

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13.Look at the elements in Group 1 from the Periodic Table.

The elements are in the same order as the Periodic Table.

element

lithium

sodium

potassium

rubidium

caesium

francium

(g) Describe how the melting points of the Group 1 elements change down the group.

(h) Name the most reactive element in Group 1.

(i) An element in Group 1 reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid.

Circle the gas made in this reaction.

carbon

dioxide

chlorine

hydrogen

oxygen

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13
An object has volume, mass and density.

The object has a volume of 28 cm3.The

mass of the object is 222 g.

Calculate the density of the object.

___________________________________________________________________g/cm3 .show working

1.4The diagram shows part of the Periodic Table.

1 2
H He

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Li Be B C N O F Ne

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar

19 20
K Ca

(j) Which element in the table has the lowest number of protons in its atom?

(k) Identify two elements from the table that are in the same period as the element Mg.

and

(l) Name one element from the table that has the same chemical properties as the element Ar.

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15
The diagram shows an egg cell and a sperm cell.

nucleus nucleus

NOT TO SCALE

B ) The nucleus of the egg cell and the nucleus of the sperm cell both contain chromosomes.

What are chromosomes made of?

[1]

(ii) Describe what happens to the nucleus of the egg cell and the nucleus of the sperm cell
during fertilisation.

[1]

(iii) Which of these cells, the egg or the sperm, determines the sex of the offspring?

Explain your answer. Use ideas about chromosomes.cell

explanation

[2]

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C)The drawing shows a group of cats.

Although they all look different they all belong to the same species.

(i) What term describes the differences that occur within the same species?

[1]

(ii) Why do the cats look different?

4)This question is about inheritance and variation.

(a) In humans, sex is determined by a pair of sex chromosomes.

There are two different sex chromosomes, X and Y.

Complete the diagram to show how these two chromosomes are inherited in humans.

father mother
XY XX

sperm ova
X ....... X .......

........ ........ ........ ........

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female offspring male offspring [2]
(b) Humans and rabbits show variation.

Look at the pictures of three rabbits.

(i) One example of variation is length of leg.

Write down one other example of variation seen in these rabbits.

[1]

(ii) What is the cause of this variation?

[1]
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17
Blessy investigates the displacement reactions of four metals.

The metals are copper, magnesium, zinc and iron.

She puts the metals into solutions of metal salts and identifies if there is a reaction.

solution

metal

Look at her table of results.

key
 = reaction
 = no reaction

solution
metal
copper sulfate magnesium sulfate zinc sulfate iron sulfate
copper    
magnesium    
zinc    
iron    

B)Write down the order of reactivity of these four metals.

most reactive

least reactive
[1]

(c) Complete the word equation for the reaction between zinc and copper sulfate.

............................. .............................
 copper 
zinc
sulfate ............................. .............................

[1]
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Q6.Look at the circuit diagram.

A)Which electrical component is shown by E?

B)Which electrical component is shown by F?

C)The current in the circuit is 0.50 A.

The voltage is 12 V.

Calculate the resistance of component E.

resistance =  [1]
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(d) Electrical circuits can be modeled using water flowing through pipes.

Look at the diagram.

The arrows show the direction of water flow.

piping

pump

water

narrow piping

Water is pumped around the piping.

(i) Which part of an electrical circuit is modeled by the pump?

[1]

(ii) Which part of an electrical circuit is modeled by the narrow pipe?

[1]

(iii) Complete the sentence.

Choose from the list.

current power resistance voltage

The flow of water models the in an electrical circuit. [1]

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18
Angelique investigates four sounds A, B, C and D using an oscilloscope.

Look at her oscilloscope traces.

A B C D

(e) Circle the loudest sound.

A B C D
[1]

(f) Which of these will make the sound louder?

Tick () the correct answer.

increasing the frequency decreasing the frequency

increasing the amplitude decreasing the amplitude

[1]

(g) Circle the sound with the highest pitch.

A B C D
[1]

(h) Which of these increases the pitch of the sound?

Tick () the correct answer.

increasing the frequency decreasing the frequency

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18.This question is about the carbon cycle and climate change.

(a) Complete the carbon cycle diagram.

Choose words from the list.

combustion decomposition feeding

photosynthesis respiration

sunlight
carbon dioxide in
the atmosphere

.......................................................
..

..................................................... .......................................................
..

fossil
..................................................... fuel
power
station

.....................................................

dead plants
and animals

fossil fuels NOT TO SCALE

[3]

(b) Describe what happens during decomposition.

[1]

(c) The main cause of climate change is burning fossil fuels.

Describe one effect of climate change.

[1]

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20.Mia and Aiko are discussing ideas about fetal development and the health of the mother.

A scientific study has shown that the mass

of an unborn baby will be less if the mother
has an unhealthy diet.

So, I think the mother should be careful

what she eats.

Mia
My mother says she ate what she
wanted and I was born healthy.

So, I don’t think it matters what

the mother eats.

Aiko

(d) Who has made a more informed decision?

Tick (✓) one box.

Mia Aiko

Explain your answer.

[1]

(e) The diet of the mother is one factor that affects fetal development.

Write down one other factor that affects fetal development.

[1]

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21.Sodium is in Group 1 of the Periodic Table.

Sodium reacts with chlorine to form an ionic compound.

This ionic compound contains sodium ions, Na+, and chloride ions, Cl –.Why is a

sodium ion positively charged?

Circle the correct answer.

a sodium atom gains proton

a sodium atom gains an electron

a sodium atom loses an electron

Q11.
Heat and temperature are different.
Tick (✓) all the correct statements that describe heat.

a measure of how cold something is

a measure of how hot something is

a measure of the thermal energy of a substance

measured in MJ

transferred by conduction

Q12
Mike holds a metal cup containing water.

hand A

metal cup containing

water

hand B

(a) The water in the metal cup is at a higher temperature than both of his hands.

Describe what happens to the thermal energy in the water.

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(b) Mike pours the water out of the metal cup.

He adds ice and water to the metal cup.

Describe what Mike feels with hand B compared to hand A.

22.Rajiv investigates the reaction of zinc, Zn, and dilute sulfuric acid, H2SO4.

Hydrogen, H2, and zinc sulfate, ZnSO4, are made in the reaction.

(f) Write the symbol equation for this reaction.

+ +
................................. ................................. ................................. .................................

[2]

(g) Rajiv:

 puts 25 cm3 of dilute sulfuric acid into a flask

 adds 0.50 g (an excess) of zinc powder to the sulfuric acid
 assembles the equipment shown in the diagram

20 40 60 80 100 cm3

gas syringe

flask
25 cm3 of dilute sulfuric acid
0.50 g (an excess) of zinc
d

 measures the total volume of hydrogen collected in the gas syringe every 10 seconds.

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(i) Look at the graph showing his results.

80

60

total volume
of hydrogen
collected 40
in cm3

20

30 40 50 60 70 80
00 10 20
time in s

Rajiv repeats the experiment using the same quantities of zinc powder and dilute sulfuricacid.
He uses acid at a higher temperature.
He does not change any other conditions.
Sketch a line on the graph to show the results of this experiment.Label
the line H.
[2]

(ii) Rajiv repeats the experiment a second time using the same quantities of zinc and dilute
sulfuric acid.
He uses a lump of zinc instead of zinc powder.He
does not change any other conditions.
The rate of the reaction decreases.
Explain why.
Use ideas about the particle model.

[2]

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22.Blessy investigates floating and sinking.

She puts a whole lemon in a beaker of water.

lemon

water

The whole lemon floats.

Water has a density of 997 kg / m3.

Whole lemon has a density of 984 kg / m3.

Look at the table showing the density of different parts of a lemon.

density
part of lemon
in kg / m3
peel 956

segment 998

seed 925

(h) Predict which parts of the lemon float when in water.

Explain your answer.

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(i) Blessy wants to find out if the different parts of a lemon will float or sink in salt solution.

She predicts that as the concentration of salt solution increases eventually all three parts ofthe
lemon will float.

Write a plan for her investigation.

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 The Periodic Table of Elements
Group
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 2

H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
3 4 atomic number 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be atomic symbol B C N O F Ne
lithium beryllium name boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon
7 9 relative atomic mass 11 12 14 16 19 20
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
sodium magnesium aluminium silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon
85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

Cs Ba lanthanoids
Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
caesium barium hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118

Fr Ra actinoids
Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
francium radium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium copernicium nihonium flerovium moscovium livermorium tennessine oganesson
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

lanthanoids

actinoids